补肾活血颗粒的制备及质量标准研究

研究补肾活血颗粒的制备工艺并建立相应的质量控制标准.通过正交试验设计优化提取工艺;采用薄层色谱法对制剂中黄连、淫羊藿定性鉴别;并用高效液相法测定黄芪甲苷的含量.最佳提取工艺为加水量12倍,提取3次,提取1 h;薄层色谱法可鉴别出黄连、淫羊藿;黄芪甲苷进样量在11. 259 5～22. 519 0μg之间峰面积对数与黄芪甲苷量对数具有良好的线性关系(R~2=0. 999),平均回收率为96. 59%.补肾活血颗粒的制备工艺可行,质控检测专属性强、精密度好、重现性高,可作为该制剂的质量控制标准.     

更年舒片的质量标准研究

目的:建立更年舒片的质量标准.方法:采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对方中当归、牡丹皮、淫羊藿进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定更年舒片中芍药苷的含量.结果:TLC色谱中均能明显地检出当归、牡丹皮和淫羊藿;芍药苷含量测定线性范围0.032～0.160μG/mL(r=0.999 8.n=5),平均回收率为100.9%,RSD为2.89%.结论:该方法准确可靠,可用于该制剂的质量控制.     

祛黄褐斑丸质量标准的初步研究

目的建立祛黄褐斑丸的质量标准。方法显微鉴别祛黄褐斑丸中当归、黄芩、巴戟天三味药材;采用薄层色谱法对祛黄褐斑丸中淫羊藿、黄芩两味药材进行定性鉴别。结果方中当归、黄芩、巴戟天三味药材显微特征明显,图像清晰;方中淫羊藿、黄芩两味药的薄层色谱具有鉴别特征,色谱斑点清晰,专属性强,Rf值适中,阴性对照无干扰。结论显微鉴别与薄层色谱法简便、可靠、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定朝鲜淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的质量分数

采用HPLC法对不同采收期、不同产地、不同海拔、不同药用部位的淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷的质量分数进行了测定.结果表明:淫羊藿苷在0.1~1.4 g/L范围呈良好的线性关系;不同采收期的淫羊藿叶中淫羊藿苷的质量分数为0.314 46%~3.680 99%;临江产淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷质量分数最高;海拔629 m的淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷质量分数最高;同一植株不同部位中淫羊藿苷的质量分数分布为叶地上部分茎.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定抗骨增生丸中柚皮苷和淫羊藿苷的含量

建立了以高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时测定抗骨质增生丸中柚皮苷及淫羊藿苷含量的方法.采用C18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm),以水为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长分别为282 nm(柚皮苷)、270 nm(淫羊藿苷).结果显示,新建的含量测定方法专属性强,线性关系良好,柚皮苷与淫羊藿苷加样回收率分别为96.90%和99.71%,RSD分别为1.52%和1.80%.实验表明,本法简便、专属性强、重复性好,能有效控制抗骨增生丸的质量.     

肤舒止痒膏的高效液相色谱分析

为更好地体现和控制肤舒止痒膏的质量,本试验采用高效液相色谱法同时测定方中朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷的含量,建立其质量标准。结果显示:朝藿定C和淫羊藿苷分别在0.088～0.44μg(r=0.9999)和0.01616～0.0808μg(r=0.9998)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为:98.23%(RSD=1.95%)和97.71%(RSD=1.81%)。表明该法简捷、准确、重现性好。     

淫羊霍苷的生物学功能及检测方法

本文对淫羊霍苷的性质、生物学功能做了简单的介绍,并对淫羊霍苷的提取方法和检测方法进行了综述,以HPLC测定淫羊霍苷含量为具体实例,具体地说明了淫羊霍苷的测定步骤和方法。     

瑶药五爪金龙中牛蒡苷元薄层色谱及含量测定

探索瑶药五爪金龙活性成分牛蒡子苷元的薄层色谱(TLC)定性鉴别和高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量检测方法,寻找瑶药五爪金龙质量控制的依据。本研究采用薄层色谱法对药材中的牛蒡苷元进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法对药材中的牛蒡苷元进行含量测定。通过实验,确定了TLC定性鉴别和HPLC定量检测的方法。薄层色谱中牛蒡苷元斑点集中、清晰。高效液相色谱法中牛蒡苷元对照品在0.42～5.26μg时,进样量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。牛蒡苷元平均回收率为100.43%,RSD=2.09%。10批五爪金龙药材中牛蒡苷元含量在0.06%～0.52%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定安神补脑液中淫羊藿苷和二苯乙烯苷的含量

建立了同时测定安神补脑液中淫羊藿苷和二苯乙烯苷含量的方法。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),迪马DiamonsilTMC18色谱柱(4.5 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为350 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃。淫羊藿苷质量浓度为1.07~9.63μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 5);平均加样回收率为102.2%,RSD为2.7%。二苯乙烯苷质量浓度为10~90μg/mL时与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 8);平均加样回收率为99.72%,RSD为2.3%。该方法精密度高,重复性好,可用于安神补脑液的质量控制。     

扶骨黄酮分散片中葛根素、大豆苷和淫羊藿苷的含量测定

建立了扶骨黄酮分散片中的葛根素、大豆苷和淫羊藿苷含量测定的高效液相色谱法。采用Eclipse XDB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈：0.3%乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温为25 ℃,葛根素、大豆苷检测波长为250 nm,淫羊藿苷检测波长为270 nm。结果表明,葛根素检测浓度在0.002 08 mg/mL～0.104 mg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,加样回收率为100.29%,相对标准偏差为0.89%;大豆苷检测浓度在0.000 98 mg/mL～0.039 2 mg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,加样回收率为98.29%,相对标准偏差为1.29%;淫羊藿苷检测浓度在0.001 04 mg/mL～0.041 6 mg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,加样回收率为99.07%,相对标准偏差为1.08%。该方法简便、准确,重现性和稳定性好,可作为扶骨黄酮分散片的质量控制标准     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the