绒球状单分散氧化铁微纳米球的水热合成

采用水热法成功合成了绒球状单分散氧化铁微纳米球.对合成温度以及表面活性剂对产物物相纯度及形貌的影响进行了研究,同时对其形成机理进行了讨论.结果表明,该绒球状氧化铁微纳米球是由赤铁矿α-Fe2O3和四方纤铁矿β-FeOOH组成的,且以β-FeOOH为主产物.     

A novel method to mass-produce PDMS stamps based on nanoimprint

Soft lithography is a low-cost and convenient method for the forming and manufacturing of micro/ nanostructures compared to the traditional optical lithography. In soft lithography, poly（dimethylsiloxane） （PDMS） stamps with relief structures have been widely used to transfer patterns. The traditional fabrication approach of PDMS stamps is time-consuming since the master has been occupied during the curing process. By adding and repeating fast nanoimprint step, many intermediate polymeric molds can be produced from the master and these molds can then be employed to replicate more PDMS stamps while the time used is close to that of the common way. We demonstrated this idea by three masters which were made by the DEM （Deepetching, Electroforming and Microreplicating） and FIB （Focused Ion Beam） techniques. The photos show that the patterns on the PMDS stamps successfully duplicated patterns on the origin masters.     

铝合金阳光房水槽型材的挤压模具设计与制造

通过对铝合金阳光房水槽型材的外形结构要求进行分析,介绍了该型材挤压模具的结构布局、模芯尺寸、型孔尺寸及模具工作带等设计要点,并以实际生产工艺论述了超长悬臂阳光房水槽型材的模具加工关键点。采用UG软件建立铝合金阳光房水槽型材挤压模具的3D模型,用高精度的CNC数控设备对该模具进行粗、精加工,有效保证了模芯、进料孔及下模焊合室的精度。线切割以基准面为水平面、工艺孔为中心分中加工,上、下模具同心加工且无误差。实验表明,采用先进的加工工艺、高精度的数控设备对水槽挤压模具进行加工,可以提高精度、减少误差,并且可以实现量产。     

Evaluation of the microstructure,secondary dendrite arm spacing,and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy castings made in sand and Fe-Cr slag molds

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast A356 (Al-Si) alloy castings were investigated. A356 alloy was cast into three different molds composed of sand, ferrochrome (Fe-Cr) slag, and a mixture of sand and Fe-Cr. A sodium silicate-CO₂ process was used to make the necessary molds. Cylindrical-shaped castings were prepared. Cast products with no porosity and a good surface finish were achieved in all of the molds. These castings were evaluated for their metallography, secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), and mechanical properties, including hardness, compression, tensile, and impact properties. Furthermore, the tensile and impact samples were analyzed by fractography. The results show that faster heat transfer in the Fe-Cr slag molds than in either the silica sand or mixed molds led to lower SDAS values with a refined microstructure in the products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds. Consistent and enhanced mechanical properties were observed in the slag mold products than in the castings obtained from either sand or mixed molds. The fracture surface of the slag mold castings shows a dimple fracture morphology with a transgranular fracture nature. However, the fracture surfaces of the sand mold castings display brittle fracture. In conclusion, products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds exhibit an improved surface finish and enhanced mechanical properties compared to those of products cast in sand and mixed molds.     

Super-hydrophobic and Self-cleaning PVDF Film Fabricated by Chemical Bath Deposition

Self-cleaning surfaces have received a great deal of attention recently,both in theoretical studies and commercial applications.The self-cleaning surface of lotus leaf is hydrophobic and rough,showing a micro-and nano-scale morphology.The micro-reliefs of lotus leaf were mimicked using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)film and nano-scale peaks on the top of the micro-reliefs were implemented by the reaction between methyltrichlorosilane and the reactive groups of PVDF film treated by oxygen plasma.A lotus-leaf-like surface of the PVDF film was clearly observed by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscope(AFM).Elemental composition analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)revealed that the material of the nanostructure of PVDF film was polymethylsiloxane.The superhydrophobic property of the mimicked self-cleaning surface was validated by the water contact angle and sliding angle on the lotus-leaf-like PVDF film,which were 156.6° and 4°,respectively.In this case,water droplets can easily move across the PVDF film surface,carrying dirt particles away,leaving no contamination.     

浅析短路火灾的勘查

本文分析了电气短路引发火灾的隐患,从宏观和微观角度探讨了短路火灾现场的勘查。     

采用快速原型树脂模铸造精密模具

直接利用激光快速成型的原型树脂模,结合陶瓷型精密铸造技术,制得了高精度、低表面粗糙度、高使用寿命的钢模具,通过考察陶瓷型的强度、表面稳定性、透气性和尺寸偏差,得到了获得高质量陶瓷型的最佳工艺参数;详细分析了焙烧温度、水量、无水乙醇量等工艺因素对陶资中性能指标的影响,通过运用扫描电镜对表面稳定性试样及强度试样断口进行分析,认为粉料与颗粒间的结合强度是获得高质量精密铸型的主要影响因素。应用此陶瓷型铸造工艺浇铸的铸钢模具,尺寸精度达到国家标准CT3－4,表面粗糙度达Ra3.2,可用于实际生产。     

Elements inter-diffusion in the turning of wear-resistance aluminum bronze

Inter-diffusion of elements between the tool and the workpiece during the turning of aluminum bronze using high-speed steel and cemented carbide tools have been studied. The tool wear samples were prepared by using M2 high-speed steel and YW1 cemented carbide tools to turn a novel high strength, wear-resistance aluminum bronze without coolant and lubricant. Adhesion of workpiece materials was found on all tools' surface. The diffusion couples made of tool materials and aluminum bronze were prepared to simulate the inter-diffusion during the machining. The results obtained from tool wear samples were compared with those obtained from diffusion couples. Strong inter-diffusion between the tool materials and the aluminum bronze was observed in all samples. It is concluded that diffusion plays a significant role in the tool wear mechanism.     

LY-12铝合金熔化的临界碰撞速度

借助于二级轻气炮,实现了ＬＹ－１２铝合金弹丸以４￣６ｋｍ／ｓ的速度对铝双层板的超高速碰撞。对ＬＹ－１２铝合金球形弹丸超高速冲击铝双层板熔化的临界条件进行了研究。     

基于尺寸驱动的注塑模图形输入软件

提出了用模腔尺寸驱动塑件零件图来生成塑料模模腔的几何模型的设计思想。尤其是模腔尺寸的自动换算模块，不仅大大提高尺寸换算的速度，而且能有效地防止塑件制品的超差。还根据塑料模的特点，提出了变截面的扫描法。     

铝合金阳极氧化膜的微观结构分析

使用透射电镜观察了铝合金阳极氧化膜的微观结构,发现了阳极氧化膜的阻挡层与多孔层以及独特的六解形胞孔结构,氧化膜胞孔的孔道沿氧化膜表面向铝合金基体方向呈收缩趋势,这与阳极氧化过程中电压升高对多孔结构生长的影响有关。结合阳极氧化膜生长环境以及氧化膜的生长模型,探讨了氧化膜多孔结构的生长方式。     

6063合金的微观组织及力学性能研究

用电解低钛铝合金熔配6063合金,挤压成型材后,研究其微观组织与力学性能,并与国内6063型材的微观组织与力学性能做了对比.,电解加钛6063合金具有良好的力学性能,抗拉强度和延伸率均有显著增加.用电解低钛铝合金熔配6063合金是完全可行的.     

铝合金外壳阳极氧化层缺陷分析

利用扫描电镜及能谱仪对相机外壳阳极氧化膜缺陷进行分析,发现该铝合金外壳在进行阳极化处理前就存在凹陷缺陷,该凹陷缺陷是在轧制过程中产生的"条痕"缺陷,以及在"条痕"之间存在的夹渣,它们改变了缺陷处的阳极化条件,造成缺陷处阳极氧化反应时形成一定方向的银色和黑色相间的流线型条纹。     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料杯形件高温反挤压成形

将无压浸渗制备出的高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料,通过高温反挤压方式成形杯形件.研究了在高温反挤压过程中复合材料的流变规律,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析了高温反挤压参数对杯形件组织的影响.结果表明:在基体熔点以上,高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料呈黏流体状态,颗粒与基体形成固-液混合体;高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料高温反挤压变形后,基体仍保持连续,SiC颗粒在压力作用下发生转动、重排,部分颗粒破碎,颗粒分布均匀性较好;当变形温度较低、挤压速度较大时,颗粒易破碎,SiCp/Al复合材料杯形件内部颗粒尺寸不均匀,杯形件内角处颗粒尺寸较小;当变形温度较高、挤压速度较小时,杯形件内部颗粒尺寸均匀.     

微弧氧化对7050铝合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在7050铝合金表面制备了陶瓷膜层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)表征陶瓷膜微观结构,采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)研究了微弧氧化膜对7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响.结果表明:微弧氧化膜层由表面疏松层与内部致密层组成,表面疏松层主要由Al2O3组成,内部致密层由氧化铝与铝烧结而成.微弧氧化膜层可以有效抑制7050铝合金表面的腐蚀萌生及明显降低腐蚀速率,且使7050铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性出现显著下降.     

爆速对纳米氧化铝尺度控制影响研究

将硝酸铝和黑索金按照不同的质量比均匀混合形成4种粉状的混合炸药,每一种炸药爆轰都得到了纳米氧化铝.对每次收集到的实验粉体分别进行了高分辨率透射电镜分析和X光衍射分析.分析结果表明4种混合炸药爆轰所得到的纳米氧化铝呈球形,颗粒尺寸分布比较均匀,尺寸范围为15～20 nm,晶型为γ型.另外由X光衍射数据利用Scherrer公式分别计算出每一种质量比的混合炸药爆轰所得到的纳米氧化铝的平均颗粒尺寸.利用BC-3型爆速仪测得4种混合炸药的实际爆速.研究发现爆速越高的混合炸药爆轰所得到的纳米氧化铝的颗粒就越细,同时绘出了爆速与颗粒尺寸的关系曲线.在一定的尺寸范围内,根据此曲线可以通过改变混合炸药的爆速来控制合成出的纳米氧化铝颗粒尺寸.     

ProCAST在汽车轮毂制造中的应用

为适应人们对汽车轮毂款式的追求,缩短汽车轮毂的研发周期迫在眉睫。应用CAD软件UG创建轮毂和模具的三维模型。借助CAE软件ProCAST自定义材料数据库,并模拟铸造过程。通过研究铝液充型和凝固过程,分析温度场变化、固相比例、Niyam判据以及缩松和缩孔等。研究表明：轮毂轮辋上下边缘以及浇铸中心处容易出现缩松和缩孔。在轮辋中心处、轮辋与轮辐交接处的模具区域采用保温措施,在与浇铸中心缩孔密集处接触的模具区域适当增加冷却强度,可实现顺序凝固,获得高质量的铸件。试验结果为汽车轮毂生产企业新产品的研发提供理论预测以及改进建议。     

理智与情感的共融——再读《简爱》

《简爱》作为一部在英国文学史上占据着举足轻重地位的小说,以成功塑造一个敢于反抗、敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象——简爱而备受世人的推崇和喜爱。解读简爱历尽磨砺的生活经历和曲折感人的爱情故事,解析简爱理智与情感交织共融的心路历程,这些都是其最终获得完整、高尚爱情的基础。     

土体热力学本构模型的分析与验证

分析介绍了Collins提出的土体热力学模型.该模型不仅结构简单,满足热力学原理,且通过参数的不同取值,可得到包括修正剑桥模型在内的不同屈服面的形式,具有较大的适应性和灵活性.基于微细观力学原理,深入分析了模型参数的物理意义,并导出了模型的应力应变关系.编制了该模型的点积分程序,选用具有强减缩特性的淤泥质软黏土的偏压固结不排水三轴试验结果,通过对试验结果的模拟,验证了模型的适应性与有效性.     

稀土Ce掺杂铝合金阳极的结构和电化学性能

通过向Al-5Zn-0．05In-0．1Sn铝舍金基体中添加不同量的稀土元素Ce，制得一系列含稀土Ce的合金。采用扫描电镜和能谱分析，研究稀土对铝合金阳极微观组织的影响，并进行将稀土铝舍金用作铝空气电池阳极的电化学性能测试。研究结果表明：当Ce的含量不大于0．5％时，细化枝晶的效果较好；添加稀土元素Ce，铝舍金阳极的自腐蚀电位负移，放电稳定性和放电电压提高；当以50mA／cm^2的电流密度恒流放电时，Ce含量为0．3％的舍金放电性能最好，放电电压为1．118V，放电时间达到13h；添加稀土元素Ce能改善铝舍金阳极的耐腐蚀性能。