防止硫镓银多晶合成中容器爆炸的研究

通过对硫镓银多晶合成实验过程中容器易发生爆炸的原因进行分析研究，提出了两温区气相输运、温度振荡合成AgGaS2多晶的新方法，即通过分段升温同时旋转合成炉逐步消耗参与反应的硫，然后在高温进行两温区气相输运反应后再进行温度振荡混合反应，减小反应过程中合成管内压力，避免了容器爆炸的发生，获得了高纯单相的AgGaS2多晶原料。     

砷化镓气相外延中不同形式的镓源对载流子浓度的影响

采用H_2/AsCl_3/Te/Ga体系,分别以被砷饱和的镓、高温合成的砷化镓锭以及低温合成的砷化镓块为源进行了掺杂外延试验,测定了用这三种源时气相中的As/Ga比;采用H_2/AsCl_3/Ga体系,用被砷饱和的镓和用低温合成的砷化镓块为源进行了不摻杂外延试验,指出以砷化镓为源具有不“吃”碲、“放”碲和气相中As/Ga比较为稳定的优点,从而可提高外延片载流子浓度的稳定性;而且As/Ga比较高,这有利于提高外延片的电子迁栘率?臀潞铣傻纳榛乜赏哂薪细叩拇慷?故用之作源较为适当。     

坩埚下降法生长红外砷化镓晶体的研究

利用坩埚下降法生长红外砷化镓晶体,坩埚下降炉控温1 260℃,晶体以2.5mm/h速度在温度梯度为10℃/cm的条件下结晶生长.PBN坩埚外壁黏附有气相自发成核、尺寸为1~3mm的砷化镓单晶颗粒.生长的砷化镓晶体直径约50.8mm,总长约140mm.晶体头部放肩阶段存在异相成核,尾部出现多晶.截断后获得的砷化镓单晶长约100mm,成晶率达70%.砷化镓单晶结晶质量良好,头尾平均位错密度分别为868cm-2和1 436cm-2,电阻率达107Ω·cm量级.砷化镓单晶整体红外透过率约为55%,接近最高理论透过率55.8%.满足工业界使用要求.     

磷压法气相外延 GaAs_(1-x)P_x

本文系采用赤磷、三氯化砷、砷化镓(或镓)为原料,在砷化镓衬底上进行GaAs_(1-x)P_x 气相外延生长的试验总结。文中分析了影响生长速度、合金组成、外延层表面形态的因素;叙述了此体系生长GaAs_(1-x)P_x(x≈0.40)外延层的操作工艺和条件。从制造发光器件的结果和投产的情况说明,此法可作为工业生产方法。     

ZnGeP2多晶合成工艺改进及其X射线衍射分析

两温区气相输运合成ZnGeP2多晶,易发生化学计量比偏离,产生Ge、Zn3P2等杂相,在合成坩埚(石英安瓿)内壁凝聚一层ZnP2和P的沉积物.通过对合成设备、安瓿尺寸和工艺的改进,采用机械振荡炉体和竖直梯度降温相结合的新工艺,成功地合成出ZnGeP2多晶材料.合成的ZnGeP2多晶,经XRD分析测试,并采用Rietveld法进行全谱拟合精修、计算出各物相的相对含量.结果表明,改进工艺合成的ZnGeP2多晶是高纯单相材料,可用于单晶生长.采用改进工艺合成的ZnGeP2多晶为原料,生长出完整性好的ZnGeP2单晶体,在2.5～8.2μm范围的透过率达60%左右,光学质量较高.     

磷锗锌多晶合成装置设计研究

研究设计了ZnGeP_2多晶的合成装置,包括合成安瓿,合成炉结构与温场分布。利用自行设计的合成装置,采用两温区气相输运法进行ZnGeP_2多晶合成实验,并对合成的多晶材料进行XRD,EDS和密度测试。结果表明,合成产物为高纯、单相的ZnGeP_2多晶材料,设计的多晶合成装置和两温区气相输运合成工艺适合ZnGeP_2多晶的合成,为高质量ZnGeP_2多晶材料的获得奠定了基础。     

从铟海绵物碱煮废液中回收镓

前言稀散金属镓是新型半导体材料砷化镓、磷化镓的主要材料之一。镓熔点低(29.85℃)、沸点高(1983℃),因此又是原子能工业理想的热交换剂,所以在电子工业、国防工业等尖端技术中,镓是有着极其重要用途的基础材料。稀散金属镓一般是与铝、锌矿伴生在一起。沈阳冶炼厂入厂的烧结矿粉中含镓0.0031%,按现有的锌生产流程,镓被富集于铟海绵物碱煮废液中,这种废液过去排放于下水道或经中和后将渣送往垃圾场。由于废料中含砷量很高,这样既污染了环境,又造成了资源的浪费。     

定向凝固对一种高强度铸造镍基高温合金的组织和性能的影响

研究了定向凝固对一种高强度铸造镍基高温合金的组织和性能的影响,发现合金的低倍和显微组织与定向凝固速度以及凝固后的冷却速度密切有关。定向凝固可大幅度地提高合金的塑性、热疲劳性能和中温持久性能,使瞬时拉伸及高温持久性能也有显著改善。中温(～760℃)持久寿命的提高主要是由于蠕变第二阶段的延长,而高温(～980℃)持久寿命的提高主要是由于蠕变第三阶段延长的结果。通过定向凝固改善高强度铸造镍基高温合金的高温机械性能的主要原因是消除了垂直于应力轴的横向晶界;另一个原因是获得[001]方向择优生长的柱状晶。高温固溶热处理可降低第二阶段的蠕变速度,延长蠕变第二阶段,从而进一步大幅度提高中温持久寿命,这主要是由于冷却析出的细小γ′相代替了铸态粗大γ′相的缘故。定向凝固及高温固溶热处理可提高合金的中温(～760℃)持久寿命和延伸率达3-4倍、热疲劳性能达5倍左右。消除了横向晶界的定向凝固合金中,初生MC是蠕变裂纹及热疲劳裂纹的策源地,预计降低合金的碳含量从而减少MC数量将进一步改善合金的高温机械性能。     

激光区熔定向凝固Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶自生复合陶瓷的显微组织与断裂韧性

采用激光区熔定向凝固技术制备Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶自生复合陶瓷,研究其在超高温度梯度、不同激光工艺条件下的快速凝固组织特征及其相互影响,并对其力学性能以及增韧机制进行了分析. 研究结果表明:(1)激光区熔定向凝固Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶由α-Al2O3、YAG以及ZrO2三相组成,不存在其他相以及相间晶团. 各相均匀连续分布,耦合生长,呈网状结构,是典型的快速凝固层片状非规则共晶组织. (2)在一定的激光功率密度下,共晶间距随扫描速度的增大急剧减小,最小间距仅为0.2～0.3 μm. (3)Y2O3在ZrO2中具有一定的固溶度,固溶程度不同时,ZrO2呈现不同的形貌. (4)定向凝固Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶陶瓷的硬度高达18.67 Gpa,室温断裂韧性为8.0 Mpa·m1/2. 第三组元ZrO2的加入、相的小尺寸效应以及裂纹分叉是韧性增强的主要原因.     

中碳钢高温力学和冶金行为

采用Gleeble 1500热模拟机对CSP生产的SS400、Q235B和Q345B钢的热塑性进行了研究.结果发现,所研究的钢存在两个低塑性区,即凝固脆性温区(Tm～1 310℃)和低温脆性温区(850～725℃).试样断口金相和成分分析表明:产生凝固脆性温区的原因主要是高温下枝晶间有害元素S、P和O富集形成液膜;产生低温脆性温区的原因主要是奥氏体晶界出现铁素体薄膜以及细小AlN析出造成连铸坯的塑性降低.根据研究结果,提出了改善钢的热塑性防止铸坯裂纹的工艺建议.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the