基于小波包相关频带谱能量熵的滚动轴承性能退化评估方法

滚动轴承在使用过程中会经历不同的性能退化状态。提出小波包相关频带谱能量熵以评估滚动轴承初始性能退化程度。以滚动轴承全寿命周期数据为支撑,对数据进行小波包分解,并利用相关系数法提取包含主要故障信息的时频分量,然后沿时间轴计算各频带幅值谱,再计算谱能量熵。通过实验与时域典型指标均方根值（RMS）,以及小波包频带幅值谱熵和小波包频带谱能量熵评估指标进行对比,验证了所提方法在滚动轴承性能退化评估中,对初始故障的评估具有一定的优越性。     

基于EMD-1(1/2)维谱熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了准确地诊断出滚动轴承的运行状态,将1(1/2)维谱熵引入滚动轴承故障诊断中。先对滚动轴承原始故障信号进行EMD(empirical mode decomposition)分解得到若干个固有模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),进而再求取各个IMF的1(1/2)维谱熵值,作为表征滚动轴承故障类型的特征向量。将其作为Elman神经网络的输入参数,最后区分滚动轴承故障状态和故障类型。仿真分析和实验研究表明,该方法能够有效地提取出滚动轴承的故障特征,最后通过与小波包分析-BP神经网络故障诊断方法对比,显示出其具有更高的识别率,更加表明其可行性和有效性。     

随机矩阵理论和主成分分析融合的滚动轴承性能退化评估方法

为解决传统特征提取方法处理轴承高维监测数据时会造成部分有用信息损失及现有轴承性能退化状态指标难以精确表征实际运行状态的问题,提出了一种随机矩阵理论(RMT)和主成分分析(PCA)相融合的滚动轴承性能退化评估方法(RMT-PCA)。首先,通过平移时间窗对滚动轴承监测数据进行信息锁定,并构造出随机矩阵模型;其次,利用随机矩阵理论中的单环定理及M-P定律进行矩阵特征分解与提取,构造出14个特征指标;最后,基于PCA算法对多个特征指标进行融合,提取贡献率较大的主成分构造出融合特征指标用于轴承性能退化评估。采用美国IMS轴承全寿命数据进行实验研究,结果表明:与基于最大最小特征值之比指标的异常检测算法相比,RMTPCA方法可提前12.5h检测出轴承的早期异常;与分层狄利克雷过程-连续隐马尔可夫模型相比,RMT-PCA方法在对早期异常点和严重故障点的检测结果与前者基本相同,但其融合指标能够更清晰地反映出轴承在中期和严重退化阶段"愈合现象"的发生。     

VMD的时频特性及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对在强噪声干扰下的滚动轴承早期故障振动信号信噪比低导致故障特征提取困难的问题,提出了基于变分模态分解和Teager能量算子包络解调的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先利用VMD算法对故障信号进行分解成若干不同频率的本征模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF);通过峭度准则筛选出峭度值最大的IMF,将其作为故障特征最敏感分量;利用Teager能量算子解调算法对该分量进行包络解调分析,提取调制故障特征.将该方法应用到仿真信号和滚动轴承故障振动信号分析当中,同时与EMD、小波变换方法进行了比较.结果表明,该方法提高了信号的分解效率,在噪声鲁棒性和抑制模态混叠方面具有良好的性能,能够实现滚动轴承故障的精确诊断,具有一定的理论研究意义和工程实用价值.     

变工况滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

旋转机械设备在升降速、电源电压波动、载荷变化等情况下其转速将是非恒速的,将导致旋转设备中的滚动轴承在变速条件下运行,现有滚动轴承故障诊断方法中的共振解调方法在变工况条件下谱图将变得模糊,影响诊断的准确性,甚至无法获取故障特征频率。提出了对共振解调获得的包络信号采用阶比分析的方法,在无需鉴相硬件设备的前提下,提取滚动轴承的故障特征频率,实验结果证明包络信号的阶比谱可以很好地反映鼓掌特征;对精确诊断滚动轴承的故障有实际意义。     

基于双自适应滑动时间窗滚动轴承故障预测模型

针对传统方法和基于神经网络方法在滚动轴承故障预测中存在的问题,提出一种双自适应滑动时间窗故障预测模型。首先,通过设置能够去除相关性的状态估计非线性算子,将滚动轴承振动信号映射为能够表征其退化状态的故障特征—故障程度指标DR。其次,以损失函数为判据,设置模型参数自适应更新机制,以及建立能够自适应选取数据长度的滑动时间窗口。最后,通过西安交通大学发布的滚动轴承全寿命周期数据,模拟实际中突发性故障和渐发性故障综合作用下的故障发生情况,验证了所提出的故障预测模型的有效性。实验结果表明,提出的预测模型能够准确判断滚动轴承退化阶段的开始时刻和故障时刻,真实反映滚动轴承性能退化的趋势,预测误差仅为0.068%,预测时间仅占2次故障间隔时间的1.385%,满足复杂工况下滚动轴承故障预测的需求。     

基于残差神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对轴承故障诊断方法在变工况条件下诊断效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于残差神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先以滚动轴承时域信号数据作为输入,针对信号的时变性改进了数据池化层,改进的数据池化层利用三个连续的卷积层串联构建而成,目的在于能够有效地提取振动信号中的故障特征信息,并减少残差神经网络中参数的计算量;然后设计了一种空洞卷积和残差块相结合的空洞残差块,用于特征信息的学习;最后通过在全连接层后加入Dropout层丢弃一定比例的神经元,能有效避免过拟合的负面影响.使用凯斯西储大学轴承数据集进行仿真实验,与SVM+EMD+Hilbert包络谱、BPNN+EMD+Hilbert包络谱和Resnet三种方法作对比分析,结果表明该方法在变工况下的滚动轴承故障诊断中具有更高的诊断准确率、更强的抗噪性和泛化能力.     

故障字典在轴承故障诊断中的应用研究

滚动轴承信号为典型的非平稳信号,具有很宽的频带,用复值谱和包络分析难以获得故障特征。针对这种情况,本文应用自组织映射对轴承故障进行了诊断,同时建立了轴承故障字典,该方法能够准确的诊断出轴承故障,为工程师提供更好的故障诊断辅助工具。     

基于自适应局部迭代滤波和能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取

为了提高滚动轴承的故障特征提取可靠性,该文提出了一种基于自适应局部迭代滤波(Adaptive local iterative filtering,ALIF)和能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取的方法。该方法首先利用ALIF将轴承的故障振动信号分解为若干个本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量,然后对包含故障信息最多的分量进行能量算子解调,得到分量的包络谱来提取轴承的故障特征。仿真结果表明:ALIF能够准确获取IMF分量,解决经验模式分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)带来的模式混叠问题,结合能量算子解调方法能更好地凸显故障信号的包络谱特征,有效地提取轴承故障特征频率。     

一种自适应频率窗经验小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

为解决强背景噪声下经验小波变换(EWT)难以准确提取滚动轴承故障特征的问题,提出了一种自适应频率窗EWT方法。首先对轴承故障振动信号进行傅里叶变换,引入一个带宽可变的滑动频率窗对其频谱进行分割;然后利用水循环优化算法(WCA),通过所提出的包络谱谐波噪声比指标,自适应确定滑动频率窗位置;最后进行EWT筛选出最佳的模态分量信号,通过包络解调分析提取轴承故障特征信息。采用所提方法对滚动轴承故障实验信号进行分析,结果表明,该方法可以有效用于滚动轴承微弱故障特征的提取,而传统EWT方法因为受强背景噪声影响较大,无法准确提取故障特征信息。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the