直方图处理在图像空间域增强处理中的应用

图像的灰度级变换增强是图像增强处理技术中一种直接的基于空间域的处理方法。主要研究了将灰度图像的灰度级数用直方图来表示,在MATLAB平台中,通过编程研究了直方图均衡化和直方图规定化算法,使直方图分布均匀,达到图像的增强。     

UUV海面红外侦察图像自适应归并直方图拉伸增强算法

针对水下无人航行器(underwater unmanned vehicle,UUV)海面红外侦查图像灰度级密集、图像模糊、受海浪干扰强烈的特点,提出了一种自适应归并直方图拉伸增强算法。首先,根据灰度直方图得到灰度级值直方图;然后根据最大类间方差法或大津法算法结合灰度级值直方图实现直方图归并阈值的自适应选取,进而得到图像的归并直方图;最后,实现归并直方图的拉伸增强。该算法有效增强了图像的轮廓边缘,突出了目标特征,使海面波浪具有更清晰的纹理,对灰度范围较窄的模糊图像具有较好的处理效果。     

基于灰度冗余的红外图像直方图处理技术

该文提出一种改进的消除灰度冗余的红外图像直方图均衡算法.通过统计红外图像灰度的分布规律,将像素灰度分布为零的灰度级进行完全压缩,设定适当的阈值,将小于阈值的无效灰度级映射到阈值灰度级,对有效图像灰度级进行无损均衡.该算法在压缩灰度冗余的同时,进行直方图均衡,克服了传统直方图方法在图像增强时造成的灰度断层和丢失,提高了图像质量.     

基于Matlab的灰度直方图规定化实现方法的研究

直方图规定化可以将图像的直方图转化为需要的形状,有目的地增加某个灰度区间的图像,使用户获得感兴趣的信息。本文介绍了直方图规定化的两种经典的实现算法：单映射规则（SML）和组映射规则（GML）的基本原理,并应用这两种算法对实例图像进行规定化处理和比较分析,证明了GML相对于SML的优越性。仿真结果表明,本文所实现的GML算法改进了以往算法中规定化后图像的灰度级与规定直方图的灰度级不能完全近似的问题。     

基于灰度等间距密度均衡的红外图像增强算法

针对红外图像具有高背景,低反差的特点,提出了一种基于灰度级等间距密度均衡的红外图象自适应增强方法。该方法以图像灰度相关理论为基础,采用窗口递推的方式,自适应地选择直方图窗口,获得高低阈值,再通过灰度线性变换及灰度级等间距密度均衡,增大图像灰度动态范围,获得细节丰富灰度连续的图像。理论分析和实验结果均表明,该算法克服了平台直方图均衡引起的灰度断层现象,有效地增强了红外图像的对比度,提高了图像质量。     

对比度受限下直方图均衡化处理的木板纹路图像增强算法

在木板纹路识别的工程应用中,光照不均匀等因素会产生对比度差的木板图像,将影响木纹的准确识别,针对此现象采用改进的对比度受限自适应直方图均衡化方法(contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization,CLAHE)对木板纹路图像进行增强处理,首先借助加权平均灰度化对原始图像进行灰度处理,再利用CLAHE算法将灰度图像分割成若干个大小相等连续的子块,选取合适的阈值对每个子块的直方图进行截取,将超过阈值的像素均分到其他的灰度级中,使用双线性插值对图像进行插值运算,得到对比度受限下直方图均衡化图像,最后使用双边滤波器(bilateral filter)对均衡化图像进行降噪保边处理。共用600幅木板图像,其中450幅图像作为训练集图像,150幅作为验证集图像,通过平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE),峰值信噪比(peak signal to noise rate,PSNR)以及最终实验结论对比CLAHE算法和其他一些常规算法,工程运行结果表明:CLAHE方法处理木板纹理图像具有较好的运行效果,为木板纹理的准确识别提供了理论依据。     

基于对比度受限直方图均衡法的牛羊眼部图像增强方法

针对牛羊眼部纹理信息提取前需要对牛羊眼部图像进行增强处理的问题,采用对比度受限直方图均衡化方法对牛羊眼部图像进行增强处理。该算法首先将原始图像分割成若干个大小相同的子区域,再计算截取值对每个子区域的直方图进行截取,并将截取下的像素均匀分配到每个灰度级,得到限定对比度直方图,根据限定对比度直方图对原图进行灰度双线性插值生成增强图像。实验结果表明,使用对比度受限直方图均衡化方法对牛羊眼部图像进行增强处理,增强后的图像具有更高的图像细节和层次感,同时减少了图像的失真,具有较高的理论和实用价值。     

基于直方图调整的传统民族图案特征分析

利用计算机图形图像技术对中国传统民族艺术图案的特征进行了数值分析。利用直方图均衡化和灰度值五值化方法将原始灰度图像进行灰度分布调整,形成具有更加清晰灰度差异的新灰度图像;利用图像分析与处理中的几何不变矩方法,计算新灰度图像的12个几何不变矩,作为其特征向量;利用聚类分析中的k一均值聚类方法对其进行分类。通过具体算例,可以看出该方法原理简单、实现容易,得到了较好的分析结果,为传统民族艺术图案的计算机分析与处理提供了参考。     

具有视觉特性的局部直方图均衡增强算法

直方图均衡能有效地对数字图像进行增强处理，其主要缺点是处理后的数字图像大量损失灰度层次，且增强力度不够．提出了在子块部分重叠直方图均衡的基础上，引入保留灰度级直方图均衡处理的方法，使得处理后的图像对比度得到较大的增强，又不损失灰度级，且相邻像素间灰度过渡平缓，图像柔和、真实．针对处理后方块效应严重的图像，依据人眼的视觉特性和数字图像数据的特点，提出了自适应行列分比例方法来有效消除块效应．模拟结果显示，效果显著．针对子块过增强带来麻点噪声的缺点，提出了根据子块方差来判断对比度拉伸强度的方法，一定程度上削弱了麻点噪声对视觉效果的影响．     

基于区域直方图统计的灰度图像色彩传递方法

应用直方图统计法描述图像的区域纹理,提出基于区域直方图纹理描述的灰度图像色彩传递处理方法.为待彩色化处理的灰度图像选定适当的参考图像,并在去相关的对立色空间对两幅图像的亮度通道作线性变换.用直方图统计法描述的像素邻域纹理特征进行图像间的像素匹配,将匹配性最佳的参考图像像素的颜色值传递给相应灰度图像像素的颜色通道,将色彩传递结果图像转换回RGB空间显示.实验结果表明:该方法能够提高像素匹配的准确性,获得色彩自然感优于常规色彩传递方法的彩色化图像;该方法运算量较小,便于实际应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that