一道数学竞赛题的推广

记Ｂ是由１，２，…，ｎ的循环排列组成的集合，Ａ＿３（ｎ）＝ｍａｘｍｉｎ（ａ＿（ｉ＋１）＋ａ＿（ｉ＋２）＋ａ＿（ｉ＋３）），其中ｉ＝０，１，２，…．ｎ－１，ａ＿（ｎ＋１）＝ａ＿１，ａ＿（ｎ＋２）＝ａ＿２；ａｉ取１．２，…，ｎ中的任意值，ｉ＝１，２，…，ｎ．本文讨论了Ａ＿３（ｎ）的上界：除ｎ＝３，５．６外，当３｜ｎ－１时，Ａ３（ｎ）≤　；当３｜ｎ时，Ａ３（ｎ）≤　；当３｜ｎ＋１时．Ａ＿３（ｎ）≤．     

一类食饵具有常数存放率的n次Kolmogorov系统的极限环

本文讨论一类食饵具有常数存放率的ｎ次Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ微分系统其中ａ＿０，ａ＿２，ｂ＿１，和ｂ＿２是正常数；Ｆ是负常数；ａ＿１和ａ＿３不定号，得到下列结论：ｌ：当Ａ＿１－２Ａ＿３＋ｍ＞０时，系统（１）在第一象限存在唯一稳定的极限环２：当Ａ＿１－２Ａ＿３≤０时，系统（１）在第一象限全局稳定     

关于M—Z第一阶矩不等式的系数

假设ｘ１，ｘ２，…为独立随机变量，Ｅｘｎ＝０，Ｓｎ＝ｎΣｊ＝１ｘｊ，Ｓ＊ｎ＝ｍａｘ（│Ｓ１│，│Ｓ２│，…，│Ｓｎ│）．Ｄｏｏｂ（１９５３）证明了ＥＳ＊ｎ≤８Ｅ│Ｓｎ│，Ｋｌａｓｓ（１９８８）证明了ＥＳ＊ｎ≤３Ｅ│Ｓｎ│，Ｃｈｏｗ，Ｙ．Ｓ．（１９９４）得到ＥＳ＊ｎ≤２．９１４３Ｅ│Ｓｎ│．在本文中，我们证明了比Ｃｈｏｗ稍许精确点的结果：ＥＳ＊ｎ≤２．８９８４Ｅ│Ｓｎ│。     

用范德蒙行列式构造协调正交对角线拉丁D体和双重标准幻D体

要所谓ｎ阶双重标准幻Ｄ体是一个ｎ阶Ｄ维阵列，它的元是ｎ￣Ｄ个不同的正整数，使得每一“行”，每一“对角线”上的－ｎ个元不仅和，而且积均为常数．在本文中，我们给出了用范德蒙行列式构造协调正交对角线拉丁Ｄ体和用协调正交对角线拉丁Ｄ体构造双重标准幻Ｄ体的方法，从而证明了：对于所有２≤Ｄ≤ｋ，存在常数Ｃ＿（ｋ，Ｄ），当ｍ的最小素因子大于Ｃ＿（ｋ，Ｄ）时，至少存在一个ｍ￣ｋ阶标准幻Ｄ体．特别地，Ｃ＿（ｋ，２）＝２；当ｋ≥３时，Ｃ＿（ｋ，２）＝１；Ｃ＿（ｋ，３）≤７．     

一类三次Kolmogorov系统的定性分析

研究了一类三次Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ系统ｘ＝ｘ（Ａ０＋Ａ１ｘ－Ａ３ｘ＾３＋Ａ２ｙ），ｙｄ＝ｄｙ（－１＋ｘ＾２－６（（＊）；ｘ＝ｘ（Ａ０＋Ａ２ｘ－Ａ３ｘ＾２－Ａ２ｙ），ｙ＝ｙ（－１＋ｘ＾２－ｙ）（＊＊）。得到：（１）Ａ０＞Ａ２，Ａ２＜Ａ３＜Ａ１时，系统（＊）在第一象限内不存在极限环；（２）当Ａ３＞Ａ２，Ａ０＋Ａ２＞１／２时，系统（＊＊）在第一象限内是全局稳定性的。     

C2j+1∪C2k类与Pk n类调和图

证明了Ｓｅｏｕｄ等当ｋ≥３时Ｃ３与Ｃ２ｋ的不相交并Ｃ３∪Ｃ２ｋ为调和图的猜想,并扩展该结果,证明了Ｃ５∪Ｃ２ｋ（ｋ≥２）是调和图;给出猜想Ｃ２ｊ＋１∪Ｃ２ｋ（ｊ≥１,ｋ≥２且（ｊ,ｋ）≠（１,２）是调和图。证明了幂图Ｐ＾４ｎ（８≤ｎ≤１７）与Ｐ＾５ｎ（１４≤ｎ≤１７）是调和图,否定了Ｓｅｏｕｄ等关于当且仅当１≤ｋ≤３时Ｐ＾ｋｎ（１≤ｋ≤ｎ－１）是调和图的猜想。给出了相反的猜想：当ｎ≤ｎ０（ｋ）时Ｐ     

一类阿贝尔方程极限环的几个判定准则

当ｎ次微分系统ｘ′＝λｘ－ｙ＋Ｐｎ（ｘ,ｙ）,ｙ′＝ｘ＋λｙ＋Ｑｎ（ｘ,ｙ）（ｎ≥２）化为Ａｂｅｌ方程ｄｚ／ｄθ＝Ａ（θ）ｚ３＋Ｂ（θ）ｚ２＋Ｃ（θ）ｚ后,利用λＡ（θ）的符号给出了判定Ａｂｅｌ方程极限环的几个准则：（１）当λＡ（θ）≥０且ｎ为偶数时方程无极限环;（２）若λＡ（θ）≤０时,则方程存在唯一极限环;（３）若λＡ（θ）≥０且ｎ为奇数,则方程最多只有两个极限环．     

一类奇次微分系统的极限环的存在唯一性

运用Ｇ Ｓａｎｓｏｎｅ定理和旋转向量场理论，研究奇次微分系统ｘ＝－ｙ（１－ａｘ）（１－ｂｘ）＋δｘ－ｌｘ＾２ｎ＋１，ｙ＝ｘ（１－ａｘ）（１－ｂｘ）的极限环的存在唯一性。证明了：当δｌ≤０时不存在极限环，当δｌ〉０，│δ│〈│ｌ│／ｍａｘ｛ａ＾２ｎ，ｂ＾２ｎ｝时存在唯一的极限环；当δｌ〉０，│δ│≥│ｌ│／ｍａｘ｝ａ＾２ｎ，ｂ＾２ｎ｝，时不存在极限环。     

关于（x）的几个不等式

本文研究了关于［ｘ］的两个不等式；得到对一切的自然数ｎ有［ｘ＋ｙ＋ｎｚ］＋［ｘ＋ｎｙ＋ｚ］＋［ｎｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ］≤［（ｎ＋２）ｘ］＋［（ｎ＋２）ｙ］＋［（ｎ＋２）ｚ］＋２；当且仅当１≤ｎ≤４时，有［ｘ］＋［ｙ］＋［ｚ］＋［ｘ＋ｎｙ＋ｚ］＋［ｘ＋ｙ＋ｎｚ］＋［ｎｘ＋ｙ＋ｚ］≤［（ｎ＋３）ｘ］＋［（ｎ＋３）ｙ］＋［（ｎ＋３）ｚ］＋１。     

图的升分解问题的两个新结果

Ａｌａｖｉ等人在１９８７年定义了图的一种新分解,即“升分解”（ＡｓｃｅｎｄｉｎｇＳｕｂｇｒａｐｈＤｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ）,并且猜想：任意有正数条边的图都可升分解．该文证明了下面两个新结果：（１）Ｈｉ是ｉ条边的Ｋｎ的子图,当ｎ＋１≤ｉ≤２ｎ－２ｎ／３［］２－２时,Ｇ＝Ｋｎ－Ｈｉ可升分解为Ｋ１,１,Ｋ１,２,…,Ｋ１,ｎ－５,Ｋ１,ｎ－４,Ｇｎ－３（ｎ≥６）,其中Ｋ１,ｎ－４Ｇｎ－３．（２）Ｈｉ是ｉ条边的Ｋｎ的子图,当ｉ≥２ｎ－２ｎ／３［］２时,Ｇ＝Ｋｎ－Ｈｉ不一定有定理１形式的升分解．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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