使用碳纳米管AFM针尖的蛋白质高分辨率成像

原子力显微镜(AFM)是分析生物分子结构的有效手段,而目前使用的探针针尖的性质限制了高分辨率图像的获得。该文将碳纳米管安装到原子力显微镜的传统针尖上,制作出碳纳米管针尖以解决这个问题。运用碳纳米管针尖在大气常温条件下获得了由3个单元组成的小鼠抗体IgG蛋白质的Y形结构,并且分子的尺寸与X射线晶体衍射的结果非常接近,这种效果用传统针尖是无法获得的。获得的蛋白质分子超微结构的高分辨率图像为研究蛋白质分子功能提供了有价值的信息。     

AFM模式下扫描图像质量的影响因素

介绍了扫描探针显微镜(SPM)的AFM模式的工作原理,观察了聚四氟乙烯胶粒的微观形貌, 并指出影响AFM图像质量的主要因素。     

橡胶混凝土改良之研究

探讨橡胶混凝土之改善,借由橡胶表面改质技术的开发,并应用原子力显微镜直接量测橡胶以水泥水化物间之作用力,以作为橡胶表面改质的参考.文中除做简单之文宪回顾外,并以三种表面改质技术为例,说明橡胶混凝土改进方法之研究方法.     

改性氨基聚硅氧烷膜与膜形貌及应用

用原子力显微镜(AFM)和接触角测量仪对乙酸酐改性氨基聚硅氧烷的成膜性及膜形态进行了研究。结果发现,氨基聚硅氧烷在单晶硅基底上均能成膜,但不同氨基聚硅氧烷所形成的膜形貌是不同的,膜的表面形貌实际上与基团的排列方式有关,氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷在单晶硅基底上形成均匀、平整、光滑的疏水膜;而乙酸酐改性的氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷则形成凹凸不平、粗糙的具有弱亲水性的非均匀膜。     

Detecting CD20-Rituximab interaction forces using AFM single-molecule force spectroscopy

The invention of atomic force microscopy(AFM) has provided new technology for measuring specific molecular interaction forces.Using AFM single-molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS) techniques,CD20-Rimximab rupture forces were measured on purified CD20 proteins,Raji cells,and lymphoma patient B cells.Rimximab molecules were linked onto AFM tips using AFM probe functionalization technology,and purified CD20 proteins were attached to mica using substrate functionalization technology.Raji cells(a lymphoma cell line) or lymphoma patient cells were immobilized on a glass substrate via electrostatic adsorption and chemical fixation.The topography of the purified CD20 proteins,Raji cells,and patient lymphoma cells was visualized using AFM imaging and the differences in the rupture forces were analyzed and measured.The results showed that the rupture forces between the CD20 proteins on Raji cells and Rituximab were markedly smaller than those for purified CD20 proteins and CD20 proteins on lymphoma patient B cells.These findings provide an effective experimental method for investigating the mechanisms underlying the variable efficacy of Rituximab.     

利用原子力显微镜测量石英岩表面分子沉积膜的粘附力

对原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）探针测出的一条理想的力位移曲线进行了分析,推导出了根据实测的力位移曲线计算粘附力的公式。对表面分子沉积膜生长前后的石英岩和扫描探针之间的粘附力进行了实验研究,结果发现这种沉积膜可以降低石英岩表面的粘附力     

胶体金标记氯霉素抗体探针的研究

研究了胶体金标记氯霉素抗体探针的制备方法,通过红外光谱、荧光光谱、热力学公式等初步探讨了氯霉素抗体与胶体金的相互作用．结果表明：胶体金标记氯霉素抗体探针的最佳pH范围为8—10,1mL胶体金标记的最小蛋白量是22μg．红外光谱表明：氯霉素抗体蛋白与胶体金之间无共价结合;荧光光谱表明：胶体金对氯霉素抗体发生静态荧光淬灭,经热力学公式推导,两者之间存在比较强的氢键和范德华力．该研究为氯霉素的胶体金免疫层析技术提供了一定的理论基础．     

喷墨材料的制备及涂层厚度对其性能的影响

为改善已有喷墨材料的吸墨性能,采用物理与化学相结合的方法制备纳米喷墨材料,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和分光测色计分析了复合材料的表面结构和印刷品的色差。结果表明:涂底胶的喷墨材料的基材和吸墨层黏合更牢固,吸墨层表面更平整;对涂覆底胶的喷墨材料进行性能分析,其微观结构和涂布量均随着涂层厚度的不同发生变化;涂层厚度对打印质量的影响非常显著,当吸墨层厚度是50μm时,喷墨材料的综合性能最好。     

Design and Applications of A 3D Precision Probe

A 3D probe used for NC-copying process is proposed in the paper. The construction of parallel springs is adopted in the probe, It has compact structure and little volume. By adjusting spring force and improving sensitivity, the probe can be used in CMM. Errors of the probe are analysed. Performances of the probe are verified by test of measuring force, verification of precision of single axis and plane precision.     

Micro-Mechanical Behavior of HOPG in Nano-Indentation

The mechanical behavior of highly oriented pyrolyti c graphite (HOPG) has been investigated in this paper, by simulating a machining p rocess in a nano-indent test with the method of molecular dynamics (MD) and by doing an experiment directly using the probe tip of atomic force microscope (AFM ) as tool. The characteristics and properties of graphite crystal lattice are di scussed firstly, then, three potentials are selected for different interaction b etween graphite atoms according to the graphite prope...     

AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field transistor for label-free detection of DNA hybridization

This paper demonstrates electrical detection of single strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) conjugation by AlGaN/GaN hetero-structure field effect transistor (HFET) biological sensors. The probe ssDNA molecules are modified by thiol groups. The immobilization of probe molecules is achieved by S-Au bonding on a thin layer of gold film in the sensing area. The immobilization and hybridization process are firstly implemented on Si surfaces and checked by fluorescent and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The hybridization process is monitored on AlGaN/GaN HFETs. Time-dependent current change is observed when a matched ssDNA solution is applied, while no response is observed for a mismatched ssDNA sequence. The DNA hybridization process is dominated by the conjugation between matched ssDNA sequences in the first few tens of seconds. After that, the hybridization process is dominated by mass transfer processes and saturation of the immobilized probe ssDNA molecules.     

Progress of AFM single-cell and single-molecule morphology imaging

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can probe single living cells and single native membrane proteins in natural fluid environments with label-free high spatial resolution. It has thus become an important tool for cellular and molecular biology that significantly complements traditional biochemical and biophysical techniques such as optical and electron microscopy and X-ray crystallog-raphy. Imaging surface topography is the primary application of AFM in the life sciences. Since the early 1990s, researchers have used AFM to investigate morphological features of living cells and native membrane proteins with impressive results. Steady improvements in AFM techniques for imaging soft biological samples have greatly expanded its applications. Based on the authors’ own research in AFM imaging of living cell morphologies, a review of sample preparation procedures for single-cell and single-molecule imaging experiments is presented, along with a summary of recent progress in AFM imaging of living cells and native membrane proteins. Finally, the challenges of AFM high-resolution imaging at the single-cell and single-molecule levels are discussed.     

原子力显微镜观测DNA分子的表面沉积与扩展

原子力显微镜具有原子级分辨率,能够对生物样品进行观察.用原子力显微镜观察了DNA分子在Si、云母片及修饰过的云母片表面的沉积与扩展,对3种情况作了比较,用超声振荡方法可以有效地切断DNA分子链.     

煤表面结构介观表象的原子力显微镜(AFM)观测

针对煤复杂的表面结构,运用原子力显微镜(AFM)观测介观尺度下煤表面特征的研究方法,对煤表面形貌进行了初步观测,获得煤样的二维和三维表面形貌图,并进行了煤表面的粒度、粗糙度及功率谱分析.分析结果表明:幅度参数是表征煤样表面粗糙度的特征参数之一;利用功率谱密度有助于分析煤表面的分形特征,将AFM用于煤的表面结构特征研究,为研究煤表面介观特征提供了新的研究方法.     

射频等离子体聚合多层复合薄膜的制备及性能

采用等离子体聚合方法,分别以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、正硅酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯为原料制备了3种聚合物薄膜,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)和接触角(ContactAngle)等方法研究了不同条件下所得的聚合物薄膜的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、光学透明性及疏水性等性能.研究结果表明:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜具有最好的可见光透过率和最佳的表面粗糙度(RMS).聚正硅酸乙酯薄膜的表面粗糙度随射频功率变化不大.聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯薄膜在低功率下有较低的表面粗糙度,但随着入射功率的增加,等离子体刻蚀作用使得表面粗糙度增加.SEM照片表明聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜表面平坦致密无针孔.静态接触角测试结果表明三种聚合物薄膜都有较好的疏水性能,以聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯薄膜的疏水性能最佳.利用等离子连续聚合的方法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜/聚正硅酸乙酯/聚甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯3层复合薄膜,并对复合膜的性能进行了表征.     

Mechanism and development of dip-pen nanolithography （DPN）

Dip-pen nanolithography is a new scanning probe lithography （SPL） technique based on atomic force microscopy （AFM） , and now has made a great progress. The process of dip-pen lithography involves the adsorption of ink molecules on AFM tip, the formation of water meniscus, the transport of ink molecules, and diffusion of ink molecules on the substrate. More factors such as temperature, humidity, tip, scanning speed and so on will influence the process of dip-pen lithography. The paper analyzes in detail the mechanism of this technique, introduces synthetically the latest development, including electrochemical DPN, more-mode DPN, multiple DPN, multi-probe array DPN and so on. Finally, the paper describes the characteristics and the application of DPN.     

Reversible electromechanical characteristics of carbon nanotubes under local-probe manipulation

The effects of mechanical deformation on the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes are of interest given the practical potential of nanotubes in electromechanical devices, and they have been studied using both theoretical and experimental approaches. One recent experiment used the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) to manipulate multi-walled nanotubes, revealing that changes in the sample resistance were small unless the nanotubes fractured or the metal-tube contacts were perturbed. But it remains unclear how mechanical deformation affects the intrinsic electrical properties of nanotubes. Here we report an experimental and theoretical elucidation of the electromechanical characteristics of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) under local-probe manipulation. We use AFM tips to deflect suspended SWNTs reversibly, without changing the contact resistance; in situ electrical measurements reveal that the conductance of an SWNT sample can be reduced by two orders of magnitude when deformed by an AFM tip. Our tight-binding simulations indicate that this effect is owing to the formation of local sp3 bonds caused by the mechanical pushing action of the tip.     

Design and implementation of precise position controller of active probe of atomic force microscopy for nanomanipulation

Efficiency and accuracy of AFM-based nanomanipulation are still major problems to be solved, due to the nonlinearities and uncertainties, such as drift, creep, hysteresis, etc. The deformation of cantilevers caused by manipulation force is also one of the most major factors of nonlinearities and uncertainties. It causes difficulties in precise control of the tip position and causes the tip to miss the position of the object. In order to solve this problem, the traditional approach is to use a rigid cantilever. However, this will significantly reduce the sensitivity of force sensing during manipulation, which is essential for achieving an efficient and reliable nanomanipulation. In this paper, a kind of active AFM probe has been used to solve this problem by directly controlling the cantilever＇s flexibility or rigidity during manipulation. Based on Euller-Bernoulli Model, a kind of controller of the active probe employing Periodic-Output-Feedback （POF） law is implemented. The results of simulation and experiments have demonstrated that this theoretical model and POF controller are suitable for precise position control of nanomanipulation.     

电弧离子镀制备Cr-O-N涂层及生长机理探讨

为了弄清O2和N2的流量变化和基体负偏压对涂层微观结构的影响,利用电弧离子镀技术制备了Cr-O-N涂层,对涂层样品进行了X射线衍射分析,扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观察,电子探针成分分析,结果表明Cr-O-N涂层含CrN和Cr2O3相,衍射峰的择优取向、涂层的表面粗糙度、相含量和化学成分与制备过程中的气体流量、基体负偏压等因素密切相关:随着氧流量的增加,涂层的表面粗糙度上升,涂层中氧元素含量和Cr2O3相含量增多;基体负偏压的升高有利于涂层沿CrN(220),Cr2O3(300)面择优生长和涂层的致密性提高.