拟建朝阳大桥对赣江河段水流影响分析研究

桥墩会改变桥址河段的流场,产生壅水和涡旋,阻碍河道行洪,所以大型桥梁在建设前必须论证其对河道的影响程度.使用Delft3D建立了赣江河道平面二维非恒定流数学模型,并使用原形观测数据对模型进行了参数率定和验证.开展了拟建朝阳大桥对赣江河道综合影响的研究,对大桥建设前后赣江河段的水位、流速和赣江东西两汊分流比的变化进行了数值模拟分析.计算结果表明:建桥后上游水位最大壅高0.07m,影响范围在桥上游约640m范围内;桥位上游流速略有减小,最大减小值为0.08m/s,桥位下游流速有增有减,变化幅度在±0.06m/s之内,流速影响范围为桥位上游1 000m至桥位下游1 600m;建桥对东西河分流比影响不明显.模型计算与物模试验成果基本吻合,结果表明,大桥的建设对河道水流的影响较小.     

三峡蓄水后城陵矶水位变化初步研究

近50年实测水沙资料分析表明,城陵矶水位变化取决于螺山-汉口河段冲淤量．三峡蓄水后,螺山-汉口河段冲淤量又取决于宜昌下泄和宜昌-城陵矶河段冲起的粗沙量（d〉0．085mm）及汉口（扣除汉江）粗沙输沙量．通过估算三峡蓄水后宜昌-城陵矶河段粗沙冲刷量和汉口（扣除汉江）粗沙输沙量,表明螺山-汉口河段最大冲刷约9．5×10^8t,螺山流量为10000-60000m^3／s时,城陵矶水位下降约1．26-0.32m,并且随着螺山流量的增大,城陵矶水位下降幅度减小．     

泥沙输移对山洪特征值时空分布的影响——以北京“7.21”山洪为例

该文以北京房山红螺谷沟"7.21"洪水为例,计算分析了泥沙输移、河床冲淤对最高洪水位、最大流速、峰现时间等山洪特征值的影响。通过动床模型与不考虑泥沙输移的定床模型结果对比分析,发现在"7.21"洪水条件下,水-沙-河床的相互作用导致断面最高洪水位较定床情形普遍抬升,最大抬升约1.5 m,局部河段受淹致灾的可能性显著增大,淤积受淹断面淹没时间显著延长,但最大流速有所下降;在河床冲淤影响下,自上游至下游沿程各断面达到最高水位的时间并非单调递增,进而说明不能以个别监测点位的水位变化结果判断整个河段的洪水涨落趋势。该结果对山洪灾害的风险分析、监测预警与工程防治具有参考作用。     

三峡水库重庆河段平面二维水沙数值模拟

针对长江重庆河段复杂的水沙运动特点和地形条件,考虑悬移质和推移质运动,采用有限体积方法建立了平面二维非恒定水沙数学模型,对重庆河段的水流运动和泥沙冲淤进行了模拟.模型中针对长江河道的实际情况,采用李义天提出的分组挟沙力级配计算方法以及床沙质范围界定方法,对现有三峡库区数学模型进行了改进,并利用重庆河段原型观测资料对模型进行了验证.结果表明,模型计算的沿程水位、断面流速分布和河床冲淤变化与资料符合较好,此模型可以用于重庆河道的水沙变化问题研究.     

三峡水库重庆河段平面二维水沙数值模拟

本文针对长江重庆河段复杂的水沙运动特点和地形条件,考虑悬移质和推移质运动,采用有限体积方法建立了平面二维非恒定水沙数学模型,对重庆河段的水流运动和泥沙冲淤进行了模拟。模型中针对长江河道的实际情况,采用李义天提出的分组挟沙力级配计算方法以及床沙质范围界定方法,对现有三峡库区数学模型进行了改进,并利用重庆河段原型观测资料对模型进行了验证。结果表明,模型计算的沿程水位、断面流速分布和河床冲淤变化与资料符合较好,此模型可以用于重庆河道的水沙变化问题研究。     

内河水深遥感的应用

利用陆地卫星TM影像研究闽江竹岐至侯官河段的水深，建立了遥感信息与水深之间关系的数学模型，研究表明：用最低通航水位时的水域边界裁取研究水域，可消除边界点因水陆信息混合产生的误差，提高遥水深精度；用两个时相遥感所得的水下地形计算河床冲淤值，进一步削减了由遥感信息源转换成水深信息时的误差，结果与用实测地形资料计算的结果基本一致，能满足河床演变分析和冲淤量计算的要求。     

高含沙岛礁海区促淤工程动力地貌响应——以舟山海域岱山北部岛礁为例

舟山群岛区岱山北部海区是典型岛礁海岸,水深多在10～20m,最深超过40m,实测最大流速超过2m/s,含沙量年平均约0.6kg/m~3、最大超过2kg/m~3,泥沙运动受波浪和潮流共同作用.该海区近期海床冲淤变化主要由围垦活动引起.为认识该海区促淤工程的动力地貌响应特征,针对该海区岛礁众多岸线曲折、水深大水下地形复杂、潮流强、悬沙含量高且受波浪影响大以及海床演变特点,建立了二维波流泥沙数学模型,2007年和2012年夏季大小潮验证表明,计算潮位、流速、流向、悬沙含量与实测过程吻合良好,计算的泥沙冲淤量和分布趋势与实测值接近.结果表明,促淤工程实施后,海床冲淤变化主要在岱山岛附近,对大范围滩槽稳定影响不大;促淤堤东西侧均淤积且以西侧淤积为主,拟促淤范围内平均淤厚约5.2m;堤头形成扇形冲刷,岱山西南侧和西侧冲刷较大.促淤工程引起的水动力变化导致较大的泥沙冲淤.研究结果可为岛礁海岸开发利用等提供借鉴.     

黄河宁蒙河段近期水沙特性及冲淤过程研究

针对宁蒙河段近期水沙问题,以水力学及河流泥沙动力学为基础,研究河道水沙变化后河道冲淤临界指标.利用1952—2012年黄河宁蒙河段各水文站点实测资料,系统分析了河段水沙变化特性,点绘出河段汛期单位水量冲淤量与来沙系数关系,计算了不同河段河道临界冲淤条件.结果表明:宁夏下河沿-青铜峡河段河道基本能维持冲淤平衡,青铜峡-石嘴山河段河道呈微淤趋势,石嘴山-巴彦高勒河段冲淤调整量不大,内蒙三湖河口-头道拐河段随着进口流量的增加冲淤效率呈现淤积少—淤积多—淤积少—冲刷的变化特点;当平均流量小于1 000 m3/s时,宁蒙河道发生淤积,随着流量的增大,宁蒙河道处于冲刷的状态;当进口站含沙量小于7 kg/m3时,宁蒙河段基本表现为冲刷状态,当含沙量大于7 kg/m3时,宁夏青铜峡至石嘴山河段汛期冲淤平衡临界来沙系数为0.003 4 kg·s/m~6,内蒙古巴彦高勒至头道拐河段汛期临界来沙系数为0.004 5 kg·s/m~6,内蒙河道河道汛期冲淤平衡临界来沙系数大于宁夏河道.     

涪陵核电站大件码头对航道的影响研究

建立了正交曲线坐标下的平面二维水流数学模型,并根据实测资料对模型进行了验证。通过不同水位条件下的起动流速分布以及相应的二维流场计算结果,对工程河段码头修建前后冲淤位置进行了定性分析,结果表明码头的修建对航道影响较小。     

用有限元法求解河流平面二维冲淤问题

本文建立了一种用有限元法模拟自然河流平面变形的数学模型.模型考虑了二维水流挟沙力,并提出了一种处理固壁不可入边界条件的方法.用长江中游界牌河段的实测资料进行了验证计算,结果表明,水位、流速分布、含沙量分布及河床冲淤变化的符合程度均令人满意.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that