微扰QCD框架下B~(0,±)→π~(0,±)π~+π~-衰变过程中的直接CP破缺

在微扰QCD框架下,研究了B~(0,±)→ρ~0(ω)π~(0,±)→π~+π~-π~(0,±)衰变过程中ρ-ω混合效应对CP破缺的影响.由于产生了大的强相角,当π+π-的不变质量在ω共振区域,CP破缺获得了极大增强.     

最小超引力模型中新物理对Bu,d和Bs介子双粲衰变过程的影响

在最小超引力模型中计算新物理对Bu,d和B,介子衰变过程的贡献.结果发现:①新物理对-B0d→D(*)+D(*)-,B-u→D(*)0D(*)-和-B0s→D(*)s+D(*)-衰变过程分支比的贡献最大为30%;②这些过程的直接CP破坏很小,而混合CP破坏很大,超对称对其CP破坏贡献很小,基本可以忽略;③这些衰变过程的分支比和CP破坏的理论预言的主要误差来源于形状因子.     

B_(s)→J/ψP(V)衰变过程中的直接CP破缺

在因子化框架下,CP破缺依赖Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa(CKM)矩阵元、有效参数Nc和形状因子.在选取的有效参数范围内,从理论上计算了B(s)→J/ψP(V)衰变过程中的CP破缺.     

B介子系统CP破坏研究

本文对B介子系统进行了全面系统的研究,计算了Bd与Bs到各种可能双重子未态衰变过程中的cp破坏效应。我们的结论是:Bs系统中存在大的混合效应,但cp破坏的不对称号参数较小,实验上难以探测到。Bd系统中,B_d~o(■_d~o)→P过程是观测cp破坏的最有希望的反应道,观察到cp破坏需b对数甘为10~8。     

Observation of the antimatter helium-4 nucleus

High-energy nuclear collisions create an energy density similar to that of the Universe microseconds after the Big Bang; in both cases, matter and antimatter are formed with comparable abundance. However, the relatively short-lived expansion in nuclear collisions allows antimatter to decouple quickly from matter, and avoid annihilation. Thus, a high-energy accelerator of heavy nuclei provides an efficient means of producing and studying antimatter. The antimatter helium-4 nucleus (4He), also known as the anti-α (α), consists of two antiprotons and two antineutrons (baryon number B = -4). It has not been observed previously, although the α-particle was identified a century ago by Rutherford and is present in cosmic radiation at the ten per cent level. Antimatter nuclei with B?相似文献   

关于D波奇异介子的混合

在π2(1 670),η2(1 870)和η2(1 645)属于11 D2介子九重态的前提下,利用质量矩阵和非相对论组分夸克模型,对同位旋二重态K(1 D2)的质量给予讨论,二者的结果符合的很好.在此基础上,利用混合模型估算出D波介子中K(1 D2)与K(3 D2)间的混合角约为零度.而后,通过3 P0衰变模型计算K2(1 770)和K2(1 820)的部分衰变信息并与PDG提供的实验数据进行比较,建议目前实验上提供的衰变信息还不足以确定二者的混合程度.     

CP破坏与超对称模型

分析CP破坏与超对称模型,然后由超对称模型出发,认为u.d夸克有两类反夸克:F erm i型和B ose型反夸克,质子P F 1也有两类反质子P -F 1及P -B 1,且P -B 1=P -F 1 3 lS0,F([q1q2]g).当P F 1P -B 1对湮灭时,只有P -B 1中的P -F 1与P F 1被湮灭而转化的光子,l0S,F([q1q2]g)组分将被保留下来.q1,q2,g等亚夸克都只是正物质的组分.因此,宇宙中正物质应多于反物质.     

Anomalous top-quark coupling effects in rare B and K decays

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN is performing direct searches for top-quark anomalous flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) processes. However, these processes may be correlated closely with the low-energy rare \(B\) and \(K\) meson decays. In this paper, we review the anomalous top-quark coupling effects in these low-energy flavor transitions, summarize the flavor constraints and discuss their implications for direct detection of top-FCNC processes at the Large Hadron Collider.     

τ轻子CP破坏效应的研究

粒子物理标准模型虽然包含了CP破坏,但其不足以解释宇宙中观察到的物质与反物质不对称现象,因此进一步检验标准模型中的CP破坏机制、寻找CP破坏的新起源已经成为粒子物理研究的重要内容之一.分析LHC实验上构造CP-odd可观测量的困难,在此基础上,进一步提出了CP-odd可观测量的构造方法,接着按照量子场论的基本原理,构造了τ轻子CP破坏的有效拉氏量,从而为研究与τ轻子相关的新物理提供一些理论指导.     

中性K介子体系中的CP破坏

本文系统地分析和讨论了中性K介子体系中的CP破坏效应,利用最新实验数据给出了一些能够相互符合的结果。     

重夸克极限下激发态B介子光锥分布振幅的计算

在重夸克展开的领头阶计算了激发态B介子,包括矢量介子B＊（3 S1）、轴矢量介子B1（1 P1、3 P1混合）及标量B介子（3 P0）的光锥分布振幅.利用运动方程以及重夸克对称性的限制,得到了2粒子和3粒子分布振幅的关系.矢量介子B＊的分布振幅关系与文献[1]中基态赝标量B介子（1 S1）相同;但对于轴矢量介子B1和标量B介子,给出了新的结果.对这些新的振幅关系进行求解,进一步模型无关的确定了B1和标量B介子夸克-反夸克2粒子分布振幅的表达式.与基态B介子情况类似,最低扭度的分布振幅中也有来自多粒子态的贡献.     

The nonleptonic two body B decays involving a light tensor meson in final states

The nonleptonic two body \(B_{u,d,s,c}\) decays involving a light tensor meson in final states are studied in the perturbative QCD approach based on \(k_{\mathrm{T}}\) factorization. The decay modes with a tensor meson emitted, are prohibited in naive factorization, since the emission diagram with a tensor meson produced from vacuum is vanished. While contributions from the so-called hard scattering emission diagrams and annihilation type diagrams are important and calculable in the perturbative QCD approach. The branching ratios of most decays are in the range of \(10^{-4}\) – \(10^{-8}\) , which are bigger by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude than the predictions given by the naive factorization, but consistent with the predictions from the QCD factorization and the recent experimental measurements. We also give the predictions for the direct \(CP\) asymmetries, some of which are large enough for the future experiments to measure. We also find that, even with a small mixing angle, the mixing between \(f_2\) and \(f_2^{\prime }\) can bring remarkable changes to both branching ratios and the direct \(CP\) asymmetries for some decays involving \(f_2^{(\prime )}\) mesons. For decays with a vector meson and a tensor meson in final states, we predict a large percentage of transverse polarization contributions due to the contributions of the orbital angular momentum of the tensor mesons.     

Beyond the standard model with the LHC

Whether or not the Large Hadron Collider reveals the long-awaited Higgs particle, it is likely to lead to discoveries that add to, or challenge, the standard model of particle physics. Data produced will be pored over for any evidence of supersymmetric partners for the existing denizens of the particle 'zoo' and for the curled-up extra dimensions demanded by string theory. There might also be clues as to why matter dominates over antimatter in the Universe, and as to the nature of the Universe's dark matter.     

J/Ψ介子衰变过程对OZI规则的破坏

研究J/Ψ介子衰变过程对OZI规则的破坏效应, 通过中间态K*K和ρπ计算其衰变分支比的贡献.  结果表明, J/Ψ→f0衰变过程的理论结果和实验结果相符, 即在该过程中对OZI规则的破坏较大.      

Improved measurement of the shape of the electron

The electron is predicted to be slightly aspheric, with a distortion characterized by the electric dipole moment (EDM), d(e). No experiment has ever detected this deviation. The standard model of particle physics predicts that d(e) is far too small to detect, being some eleven orders of magnitude smaller than the current experimental sensitivity. However, many extensions to the standard model naturally predict much larger values of d(e) that should be detectable. This makes the search for the electron EDM a powerful way to search for new physics and constrain the possible extensions. In particular, the popular idea that new supersymmetric particles may exist at masses of a few hundred GeV/c(2) (where c is the speed of light) is difficult to reconcile with the absence of an electron EDM at the present limit of sensitivity. The size of the EDM is also intimately related to the question of why the Universe has so little antimatter. If the reason is that some undiscovered particle interaction breaks the symmetry between matter and antimatter, this should result in a measurable EDM in most models of particle physics. Here we use cold polar molecules to measure the electron EDM at the highest level of precision reported so far, providing a constraint on any possible new interactions. We obtain d(e) = (-2.4?±?5.7(stat)?±?1.5(syst))?×?10(-28)e?cm, where e is the charge on the electron, which sets a new upper limit of |d(e)|?相似文献   

粒子物理还有很长的路要走——2008年度诺贝尔物理学奖成果简介

评述了2008年度诺贝尔物理学奖获得者南部阳一郎(Yoichiro Nambu)、小林诚(Makoto Kobayashi)和益川敏英(Toshihide Maskawa)的研究工作。南部由于发现了粒子物理中的自发对称破缺,这个低调而深刻的物理学家获得2008年度物理学诺贝尔奖的一半。小林诚和益川敏英关于CP不对称的工作,获得诺贝尔物理学奖的另一半。CP是英文电荷(Charge)以及宇称(Parity)的缩写,这里的电荷不完全是我们通常所说的电荷,电荷反演其实是粒子和反粒子之间的互换,宇称是空间的反演。1957年度诺贝尔物理学奖获得者李政道和杨振宁发现发现宇称不对称时,人们还没有发现CP对称性也被破坏了。最后,虽然CP破坏对宇宙中重子不对称起源具重要意义,但小林诚和益川敏英提出的CKM矩阵所导致的CP破坏还是太弱,不足以解释宇宙早期的重子数生成。毫无疑问,我们要超出粒子标准模型才能够解释重子数的起源,粒子物理还有较长的路要走。     

2017年粒子物理学热点回眸

 2017年高能物理领域的探究主要围绕标准模型的高精度检验、新物理的探寻这2个方面前进。本文盘点2017年在标准模型的检验与新粒子直接探测、重味物理与CP破坏、量子色动力学与强子物理、中微子物理、暗物质探测5个方面取得的进展,并对高能物理的未来发展作一展望。     

B介子衰变的微扰理论

B个子工厂产生大量的实验数据,引起B介子衰变理论研究的热潮,简单扼要地介绍该领域的最近发展——涵盖“经量子色动力学改良的因式化方法”、“微扰量子色动力学方法”和“轻-共线等效场论”,对这些理论的基本假设、衰变机制的处理以及唯象学上的预测做一比较。     

电子激发态CCl2自由基被H2O猝灭的研究

对CCl4/Ar混合气体直流脉冲放电产生CCl2自由基,再用541．52nm激光将电子基态CCl2激励到激发态A1B21（0,4,0）振动态的K＝0能级上,通过检测激发态CCl2时间分辨荧光信号,测得室温下CCl2（A1B1和a^3B1)被H2O分子猝灭的实验结果,用三能级模型分析处理实验数据,获得态分辨速率常数KA和Ka值,利用UMP2（Full）／6－31G（d,p）方法计算了该反应的势能面,揭示了反应的插入和加成－消除机理。     

A flat Universe from high-resolution maps of the cosmic microwave background radiation

The blackbody radiation left over from the Big Bang has been transformed by the expansion of the Universe into the nearly isotropic 2.73 K cosmic microwave background. Tiny inhomogeneities in the early Universe left their imprint on the microwave background in the form of small anisotropies in its temperature. These anisotropies contain information about basic cosmological parameters, particularly the total energy density and curvature of the Universe. Here we report the first images of resolved structure in the microwave background anisotropies over a significant part of the sky. Maps at four frequencies clearly distinguish the microwave background from foreground emission. We compute the angular power spectrum of the microwave background, and find a peak at Legendre multipole Ipeak = (197 +/- 6), with an amplitude delta T200 = (69 +/- 8) microK. This is consistent with that expected for cold dark matter models in a flat (euclidean) Universe, as favoured by standard inflationary models.