阳极支撑型固体氧化物燃料电池的研制

采用固相反应法制备出Gd2O3掺杂CeO2(GDC);用流延法制备阳极;用丝网印刷法制备电解质层及阴极;对GDC的相成分和热膨胀系数进行了测试分析;对阳极和电解质烧结后的孔隙率、密度及显微组织进行了表征．试验结果表明,采用流延法及丝网印刷法,通过选取合适的粉末原料,调整并优化制备过程的工艺参数,可以制备出具有良好组织结构和性能的阳极支撑型中温SOFC单电池。     

固体氧化物燃料电池系统仿真分析与控制

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）系统是一个非线性、多变量和强耦合的系统,很难用传统的建模方法来建立。本文基于BP神经网络的方法,利用MATLAB/Simulink平台构建SOFC系统模型,并在该模型的基础上增加PID控制,实现了闭环控制系统的分析。实验结果表明,该模型预测精度高,由预测模型得出的温度数据与实际数据的绝对误差为0.011%,增加的PID控制算法具有很强的抗干扰能力。     

阳极支撑型固体氧化物燃料电池电化学数值分析

根据阳极支撑平板型固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,SOFC)的工作原理,建立了SOFC的三维热流电化学模型,研究燃料电池进气方式、进气速率、燃料气组成对其温度场、燃料利用率以及电池性能的影响.结果表明,相比于反向进气方式,采用同向进气,电池温度分布更均匀,热应力更小;适当提高阴极侧空气进气速率会降低电池平均温度和热应力,同时也有利于提高电池功率密度和燃料利用率;增加燃料气的进气摩尔分数,反应速率、系统温度梯度和功率密度随之加大,由于温度梯度的增大最终导致热应力增加.     

Electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) directly convert chemical energy that is stored in a wide range of fuels into direct current electricity, with high efficiency and low emissions, via a series of electrochemical reactions at elevated operating temperatures (generally 400–1000 °C). During such an energy conversion process, the properties of electrolyte materials determine the working principle and operating temperature of the SOFC. When considering the cost and stability, lowering the operating temperature is critical, and this has become one of the developing trends in SOFC research. The key point for realizing a reduction in operating temperature is to maintain low ohmic resistance of the electrolyte and low polarization resistance of the electrodes. In practice, the mechanical and chemical stability of the electrolyte is also a big concern. According to their differences in ion conduction mechanisms, there are three main types of electrolyte material available, namely, oxygen ion-conducting, proton-conducting, and dual ion-conducting electrolytes. In this review, we give a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the development of these three types of electrolyte material for intermediate-temperature SOFCs. Both conductivity and stability are emphasized. In conclusion, the current challenges and future development prospects are discussed.     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池电解质材料研究进展

 固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）是一种全固态的电化学能量转换装置,它的能量转换效率高达70%,且其尾气中的有毒成分含量极低,是未来化石燃料发电技术的理想选择之一。SOFC 具有较宽的工作温度范围,通常在450~1000℃。高温下（800~1000℃）尽管SOFC 在燃料选择方面具有更高的灵活性,但是材料性能衰减的加快、运营成本的提高,以及系统的开关速度变慢等一系列缺点也愈加明显。因而,SOFC 主要朝着低温化的趋势发展。降低SOFC 工作温度最有效的方法是提高固体电解质的电导率,以尽量减少电池的欧姆阻抗。本文综述了萤石型、钙钛矿型和复合型3 类固体电解质材料国内外的研究进展,同时展望了未来中低温SOFC 电解质材料的研究方向。钙钛矿型电解质材料在中低温下具有较高的纯离子电导率,且具备丰富的改性空间,有望成为将来中低温SOFC 电解质材料的首选。     

Review： Perspectives on the metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells

The various stages and progress in the development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs )over the last two decades are reviewed. The criteria for the application of materials as interconnects are highlighted. Interconnects based on lanthanum chromite ceramics demonstrate many inherent drawbacks and therefore are only useful for SOFCs operating around 1000℃. The advance in the research of anode-supported flat SOFCs facilitates the replacement of ceramic interconnects with metallic ones due to their significantly lowered working temperature. Besides, interconnects made of metals or alloys offer many advantages as compared to their ceramic counterpart. The oxidation response and thermal expansion behaviors of various prospective metallic interconnects are examined and evaluated. The minimization of contact resistance to achieve desired and reliable stack performance during their projected lifetime still remains a highly challenging issue with metallic interconnects. Inexpensive coating materials and techniques may play a key role in promoting the commercialization of SOFC stack whose interconnects are constructed of some current commercially available alloys. Alternatively, development of new metallic materials that are capable of forming stable oxide scales with sluggish growth rate and sufficient electrical conductivity is called for.     

Highly dense and ultrathin gadolinia-doped ceria interlayer for enhanced performance of large-area anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell

The fabrication of a highly dense and ultrathin Gd doped ceria(GDC) interlayer on a large-area, porous electrolyte-coated planar anode support using vacuum slurry coating is studied for application in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs). The electrolyte-coated planar anode support body is fabricated by tape casting and pre-sintering is performed at 1100, 1150, and 1200°C. The GDC interlayer is coated onto the pre-sintered electrolyte-coated anode support using a vacuum slurry coating process with diff...     

氧化锌负载金和铂选择催化氧化燃料电池氢源中微量CO的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了负载型Au/ZnO催化剂，采用催化氧化方法脱除富氢中微量的CO研究结果表明，催化剂中Au的合适含量 (质量分数 )为1.5%，适宜的焙烧温度为300℃，即Au(1.5)/ZnO-300。在Au(1.5) /ZnO-300体系中加入少量的PtO组分有利于提高催化剂的稳定性。进一步研究表明，当Pt含量超过1.0%时，会降低催化剂的催化氧化选择性。因此在实验条件下，催化剂比较理想的组成为1.5%Au，10%Pt，焙烧温度为300℃，即Au(1.5)-Pt(1.0)/ZnO-300。对制备的催化剂采用XRD，BET进行了基本表征，并应用ICP对催化剂的组成进行了分析。     

碳氢气为燃料气的SOFC阳极改性研究

为使Ni-YSZ阳极支撑的固体氧化物燃料电池能以碳氢气为燃料气稳定工作,采用化学镀银法对电池阳极进行镀银改性研究,在750℃分别以氢气和乙烷为燃料气,测试电池的电化学性能,并采用扫描电子显微镜对测试前后的阳极进行表征.结果表明阳极镀银后,电池极化电阻减小,放电性能和抗积炭能力提高.化学镀银法镀银10 min的电池在750℃以氢气为燃料气时,最大功率密度463 m W·cm~(-2),比未镀银电池增加28.6%,以乙烷为燃料气时能以330 m A·cm~(-2)恒流稳定运行24 h.这使得固体氧化物燃料电池以碳氢气为燃料气稳定运行成为可能,将为污泥资源化提供一个新途径.     

B位掺杂对固体氧化物燃料电池连接材料La0．85Sr0．15CrO3性能的影响

研究La0.85Sr0.15CrO3 B位(Cr位)掺杂不同的金属离子(Ni、Cu、Co、Ti、Ni Co) 的烧结性能、热膨胀和电子电导率.实验发现:离子掺杂可以降低La0.85Sr0.15CrO3的烧结温度;掺杂Ni对提高系统烧结性能最有效,La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.95Ni0.05O3的相对密度可达到94%;掺杂Co或者Cu能提高La0.85Sr0.15CrO3的热膨胀系数,而Ni和Ti 掺杂则有相反作用.所有试样在300 ～ 1 000 ℃具有线性热膨胀性,La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.95Ni0.02Co0.02O3在1 000 ℃空气气氛中的热膨胀系数为10.6×10-6/℃,和摩尔分数为8%的Y2O3稳定的ZrO2 (8YSZ) 电解质的热膨胀系数相匹配.与B位一元掺杂的La0.85Sr0.15CrO3试样相比,La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.95Ni0.02Co0.02O3 在675 ～ 850 ℃温度范围内显示出更高的电子电导率.     

Direct oxidation of hydrocarbons in a solid-oxide fuel cell

The direct electrochemical oxidation of dry hydrocarbon fuels to generate electrical power has the potential to accelerate substantially the use of fuel cells in transportation and distributed-power applications. Most fuel-cell research has involved the use of hydrogen as the fuel, although the practical generation and storage of hydrogen remains an important technological hurdle. Methane has been successfully oxidized electrochemically, but the susceptibility to carbon formation from other hydrocarbons that may be present or poor power densities have prevented the application of this simple fuel in practical applications. Here we report the direct, electrochemical oxidation of various hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, 1-butene, n-butane and toluene) using a solid-oxide fuel cell at 973 and 1,073 K with a composite anode of copper and ceria (or samaria-doped ceria). We demonstrate that the final products of the oxidation are CO2 and water, and that reasonable power densities can be achieved. The observation that a solid-oxide fuel cell can be operated on dry hydrocarbons, including liquid fuels, without reforming, suggests that this type of fuel cell could provide an alternative to hydrogen-based fuel-cell technologies.     

Status and prospects of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Compared with conventional electric power generation systems, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has many advantages because of its unique features. High temperature SOFC has been successfully developed to its commercial applications, but it still faces many problems which hamper large-scale commercial applications of SOFC. To reduce the cost of SOFC, intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) is presently under rapid development. The status of IT-SOFC was reviewed with emphasis on discussion of their component materials.     

固体氧化物燃料电池的系统结构及其研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池是将燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能的电化学装置,具有高效率、零污染、超静音等特点.本文从原理入手介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池的系统结构和技术发展.     

固体氧化物燃料电池-温差热电混合系统的性能优化

本文建立了一类不可逆固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)与半导体温差热电发电器(TEG)的混合发电系统模型,基于非平衡态热力学理论,导出混合系统一些重要性能参数诸如输出功率、效率和最小电流密度等的一般表达式,分析系统的性能特性和优化性能,给出系统在最大输出功率或最大效率时的优化条件,确定系统一些重要性能参数的优化工作区域,详细讨论系统的一些主要不可逆性对系统优化性能的影响,得到一些有意义的新结论.所得结果可为实际混合发电系统的设计和优化运行提供理论依据.     

金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池阻抗谱动态分析

采用悬浮等离子喷涂工艺制造金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC),阴极为SSCo-SDC(质量分数比为75%:25%),电解质为SDC,阳极为NiO-SDC(质量分数比为70%:30%),支撑体为多孔Hastelloy X合金.在450～600℃下,对极化电阻、欧姆电阻、本体电阻与界面接触电阻分别进行了静态分析,分析结果显示接触电阻对欧姆极化损失的影响较大.电池经受3次慢速热循环(3℃/min)和12次快速热循环(60℃/min),并记录600℃时动态阻抗谱和开路电压.基于对欧姆电阻和极化电阻的动态分析,给出了金属支撑SOFC可能的降解机理.动态分析结果也显示,金属支撑体的抗氧化性在金属支撑SOFC稳定性中发挥重要作用.     

甘氨酸法制备YSZ粉体及其在中温固体氧化物燃料电池中的应用

用甘氨酸法制备了堆积密度小于0．35％的疏松（Y2O3）0.08（ZrO2）0.02（YSZ）陶瓷粉体．研究了预烧温度对初级粉体的晶体结构、晶粒大小、比表面积、粉体形貌和烧结性能的影响,进一步研究预烧温度对YSZ烧结体电导率的影响．随着预烧温度的升高,粉体的晶粒尺寸增加,比表面积减小,烧结体的相对密度减小,粉体的多孔疏松程度降低．700℃预烧粉体的生坯最易致密化,得到的YSZ烧结样品具有最高电导率,其值在800℃时为0．029S·cm^-1．同时以700℃预烧的粉体为原材料,用共压共烧工艺,制备阳极支撑的厚度为10-20μm的YSZ电解质薄膜．以YSZ薄膜为基础的单电池在700℃下的最大功率密度达到470mW／cm^2．     

燃料电池阳极材料的物理机械性能研究

以NiO和钐掺杂氧化铈(SDC)为原料,通过粉末冶金工艺制备出用于燃料电池的NiO/SDC阳极烧结体和Ni/SDC阳极材料,并测试了其孔隙率、孔径分布及电导率等物理机械性能。结果表明,NiO/SDC阳极材料性能依赖于其制备工艺和原料粉体性能,为获得具有良好综合性能的燃料电池阳极材料,必须对原料粉体及烧结工艺参数进行优化设计。     

BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α固体氧化物燃料电池电极极化性能的研究

以BaCe0.9Y0.1O3-α氧化物陶瓷为固体电解质,以多孔性Pt为电极材料,组成氢-空气燃料电池,用电流遮断法分别测定了600℃～1000℃范围燃料电池输出电流时的欧姆电位降和正负极的电极极化 结果表明,该燃料电池的优良性能与Pt电极很小的极化作用密切相关,正负极的电极极化皆随着温度的升高而变小,正极的极化小于负极的极化