β-环糊精/聚(L-天冬氨酸)共聚物的制备及载药性能研究

通过乙二胺β-环糊精与聚丁二酰亚胺开环聚合,制备出了新型两亲性共聚物,即β-环糊精/聚(L-天冬氨酸),并用IR和1 H NMR对其结构进行了表征.利用直接水溶法制备了聚合物胶束,通过激光粒度仪对胶束粒径大小进行了测定.利用芘为荧光探针,对其临界胶束浓度进行了测定.以甲氨蝶呤为模型药物,制备了聚合物载药胶束,并且测定了载药量和在缓冲溶液中的对甲氨蝶呤的控制释放能力.结果显示,聚合物胶束的有效粒径为76nm,其临界胶束浓度为3.184×10-3 g/L.该聚合物胶束对甲氨蝶呤的载药量为18.38%,且在缓冲溶液中有良好的缓释效果.     

主-被动靶向细胞内还原引发释放的聚合物纳米胶束抗癌药物

先用开环聚合(ROP)合成大分子的RAFT试剂(PCL-SS-DMP),然后采用可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)法,合成了亲水性的N-(2-羟丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(HPMA)和主动靶向配体叶酸单体丙烯酰胺-叶酸(AA-FA),制备了具有主动靶向还原敏感性的两亲性嵌段共聚物(PCL-SS-b-PHPMA-b-PFA),用核磁共振(1 HNMR)对其结构进行表征.此共聚物在水溶液中可自组装形成聚合物胶束,由透射电子显微镜(TEM)和动态光散射(DLS)表征可知胶束为尺寸约100nm的球形颗粒,用DLS观察到胶束粒径在10mmol二硫苏糖醇作用下随时间的增加而逐渐增大.以抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)为模型药物,研究载药胶束在模拟人体环境中的控释行为.用四氮唑盐还原法(MTT)研究不同浓度的聚合物胶束对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的细胞毒性,并评价载药胶束在细胞中的抗癌效果.结果表明,PCL-SS-b-PHPMA-b-PFA可作为包载DOX的一种新型纳米材料,载药胶束的体外释放呈明显的还原依赖性,且具有较好的体外抗肿瘤活性,有望成为理想的抗肿瘤药物载体.     

酸和谷胱甘肽的双重响应性聚合物胶束负载光敏剂用于肿瘤细胞的光动力治疗

将大分子引发剂溴代聚乙二醇单甲醚(PEG2KBr)和酸响应的单体二(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)-(4-甲氧基苯基)甲烷(ACD)通过逆向增强-原子转移自由基聚合(DE-ATRP)得到新型的两亲性嵌段共聚物PEG-b-PACDs,再利用滴水法自组装形成纳米胶束及载有二氢卟吩e6(Ce6)的纳米胶束。通过核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)、动态光散射(DLS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对聚合物的结构及胶束粒径和形貌进行了测试表征,并采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法验证了载有Ce6的胶束对细胞的毒性。结果表明,聚合物可自组装成均一的球形胶束,负载Ce6后载药量可达到6.04%;在模拟肿瘤微环境的条件下,载药胶束具有酸、谷胱甘肽(GSH)两重响应性,并且有着良好的载药缓释性能;细胞毒性实验证明了该载药胶束对癌细胞具有很好的光动力治疗(PDT)效果。     

新型聚合物聚乙二醇-胆酸(PEG-CA)自组装为胶束负载药物的研究

设计并合成了一种具有特定结构的新型聚合物:聚乙二醇-胆酸(PEG-CA),并分别采用核磁共振、红外光谱等表征手段确定聚合物的结构,然后通过Zeta-Plus电位粒径仪测得其自组装后胶束的粒径大小及分布。最后测定了聚乙二醇-胆酸(PEG-CA)胶束负载阿霉素(DOX)的载药量。实验结果表明聚合物聚乙二醇-胆酸(PEG-CA)具有作为纳米药物载体的药物输送的潜在应用。     

两亲性嵌段共聚物聚乙二醇-聚天冬氨酸苄酯的合成与表征

利用L-天冬氨酸和苯甲醇反应,合成L-天冬氨酸苄酯(BLA),再与三聚光气反应制备N-羧基-L-天冬氨酸-苄酯-环内酸酐(BLA-NCA).以甲氧基聚乙二醇胺(MPEG-NH2)为引发剂,引发NCA开环聚合,合成了不同分子量的聚乙二醇-聚天冬氨酸苄酯两亲性嵌段共聚物.利用核磁、红外、荧光分光光度计等仪器对共聚物结构及理化性质进行了表征.结果表明:核磁、红外图谱证明合成所得聚合物均为嵌段结构,调整MPEG-NH2与NCA的投料比合成了三种不同相对分子质量与临界胶束浓度(CMC)的嵌段共聚物,这为进一步研究不同性质的聚合物对药物纳米粒子的稳定作用奠定了基础.     

树枝状聚L-丙交酯-dendron-聚乙二醇-dendron-聚L-丙交酯的自组装

运用1H-NMR和GPC对所合成的树枝状大分子聚L-丙交酯-dendron-聚乙二醇-den-dron-聚L-丙交酯进行表征,结果显示该聚合物具有预期的结构。在混合溶剂四氢呋喃/水中,聚合物通过自组装形成胶束。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、动态光散射(DLS)对胶束冷冻干燥再分散前后的形貌和大小进行了表征。研究结果表明:胶束为具有空心结构的囊泡,构成胶束壁的聚合物排列形式可能为双层结构或单层交错结构;胶束冻干后,再分散性良好,性质不变。     

线型三嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

目的制备线型三嵌段共聚物PHEMA-b-PDMA-b-PHEMA。方法以甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为第一单体,甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMA)为第二单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法进行聚合反应。采用FTIR、1H NMR和凝胶渗透色谱/多角度激光光散射(SEC/MALLS)联用技术进行结构表征。结果应用RAFT方法,成功合成了线型三嵌段共聚物PHEMA-b-PDMA-b-PHEMA。结论RAFT可以合成出结构可控的线型三嵌段共聚物,这种聚合物有望在纳米载体、药物控制释放等领域得到应用。     

两亲梳状聚衣康酸的合成及其阿霉素的缓释体系

采用自由基聚合法合成聚衣康酸(PIA),并将PIA接枝十二胺合成两亲性梳状聚合物(PIA-g-DDA).利用动态光散射(DLS)测试PIA-g-DDA的溶液性质,并研究其流体力学直径和烷基链接枝比率对粒径大小的影响.以芘为分子探针,通过荧光光谱法测定PIA-g-DDA的临界胶束浓度(CMC);利用两亲性梳状聚合物PIA-g-DDA包埋阿霉素(DOX),通过相转移的方法制备聚合物载药体系PIA-g-DDA@DOX.结果表明:烷基链接枝率越高,聚合物的胶束粒径越小;其CMC=2.01×10-2 mg/mL;该载药体系包埋率高,载药量大,缓释作用明显.     

巯基-烯点击化学法制备还原响应两亲性聚合物

以胱胺二盐酸盐、氯甲酸烯丙酯、1,6-己二硫醇及端巯基聚乙二醇单甲醚等为原料,通过巯基-烯点击化学反应,合成了疏水段含二硫键的两亲性三嵌段共聚物mPEG-bP1-b-mPEG.对mPEG-b-P1-b-mPEG在水溶液中的自组装行为进行了深入的研究.结果表明,mPEG-b-P1-b-mPEG的临界胶束浓度为0.032 mg/mL,形成胶束的平均粒径为61.3nm.包载模拟药物尼罗红的释放行为研究表明,在D,L-二硫苏糖醇(DTT)存在的条件下,包裹在胶束中的尼罗红可以被释放出来,显示出快速的还原响应性能,表明合成的两亲性三嵌段共聚物mPEG-b-P1-b-mPEG有望作为疏水性药物载体,应用于药物控释领域.     

羧甲基壳聚糖纳米胶束的制备与光响应性研究

智能响应性聚合物胶束作为药物控释传递系统的载体引起广泛关注,其中光刺激因为可控性高、清洁高效等优点被广泛研究.该文以丁二酸酐为连接臂将1-芘甲醇(PyM)接枝到羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)的氨基上制得两亲性大分子(PMS-g-CMCS),然后在水溶液中自组装成光响应纳米胶束.采用动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)表征胶束的大小和形态,并研究光刺激前后胶束的大小变化;通过核磁和荧光研究胶束的光响应机制.结果表明该胶束为类球形核-壳结构,粒径约200 nm,且具有较好储存稳定性;在紫外(UV)光照下,能发生结构改变,其光响应机制可归因于连接PyM的酯键断裂.胶束显示出可用作疏水性药物或农药光控释放载体的潜力.     

Synthesis and evaluation of methionine and folate co-decorated chitosan self-assembly polymeric micelles as a potential hydrophobic drug-delivery system

In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer folate-succinyl-methionine-chitosan-octyl (FSMCO) was successfully synthesized step by step for self-assembling polymeric micelles. The copolymers formed micelle-like nanoparticles by their amphiphilic characteristics and structures were examined by UV-Vis absorption and Fourier transform spectroscopy. The sizes of blank and ICG derivativeloaded micelles measured by dynamic light scattering were about 170 and 140 nm, respectively, which were spherical in shape with an average zeta potential of 10 mV. Further studies on the stability showed that the micellar solutions maintain their sizes at room temperature for 1 month without distinct aggregation or dissociation. ICG derivative was much better photostable after being entrapped by the new carrier. The prepared FSMCO micelles displayed a good drug loading content (11.7%), entrapment efficiency (66.5%) and sustained release rate for the model drug fluorescein. The copolymers demonstrated weeny cytotoxicity toward Bel-7402, L02 and A549 cells when incubated for 2 d. Ligands modified micelles endowed preferable cell targeting capability and beautiful cell inhibition of HCPT-FSMCO on Bel-7402 tumor cells. This kind of polymeric micelles may be a promising nanovehicle in delivering near-infrared dyes for tumors imaging and chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer therapeutics.     

Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Micelles from Poly（D, L-lactide） and Methoxypolyethylene Glycol Block Copolymers as Potential Drug Carriers

Amphiphilic diblock copolymers composed of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG) and poly(D,L- lactide) (PDLLA) were prepared for the preparation of polymeric micelles. The use of MePEG-PDLLA as drug carriers has been reported in the open literature, but there are only few data on the application of a se- ries of MePEG-PDLLA copolymers with different lengths in the medical field. The shape of the polymeric mi- celles is also important in drug delivery. Studies on in vitro drug release profiles require a good sink condi- tion. The critical micelle concentration of a series of MePEG-PDLLA has a significant role in drug release. To estimate their feasibility as a drug carrier, polymeric micelles made of MePEG-PDLLA block copolymer were prepared by the oil in water (O/W) emulsion method. From dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, the size of the micelle formed was less than 200 nm. The critical micelle concentration of polymeric micelles with various compositions was determined using pyrene as a fluorescence probe. The critical micelle con- centration decreased with increasing number of hydrophobic segments. MePEG-PDLLA micelles have a considerably low critical micelle concentration (0.4-0.5 μg/mL), which is apparently an advantage in utilizing these micelles as drug carriers. The morphology of the polymeric micelles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The micelles were found to be nearly spherical. The yield of the polymeric micelles obtained from the O/W method is as high as 85%.     

雷帕霉素缓释胶束的制备及其释放行为

以生物可降解的树状高分子材料作为药物载体,采用透析的方法制备了雷帕霉素缓释胶束。通过扫描电镜、动态光散射仪及紫外分光光度计对载药胶束的形貌、粒径及体外释放行为进行了表征及研究。结果表明:载药胶束为中空结构的囊泡,载药后粒径明显增大,载药量和包封率分别提高到40%和91%,体外释放结果显示其缓释作用明显,Gompertz一级函数模型较为真实地反应其释放行为。     

复杂“星形”表面活性聚合物自组装行为的耗散粒子动力学模拟

表面活性聚合物因其改变溶液表面张力的功能,广泛应用于医疗以及化工领域.在溶液中表面活性聚合物自组装形成胶束形态决定溶液的流变性,影响自组装结构形成的因素是其研究的热点.采用耗散粒子动力学模拟方法,考察了多臂“星形”表面活性聚合物的自组装结构,通过改变表面活性聚合物链的亲疏水性,亲水基团和疏水基团的种类以及表面活性聚合物结构探索了各因素对“星形”表面活性聚合物自组装行为的影响.结果表明：“星形”表面活性聚合物能够自组装形成球形、层状、柱状/管状及囊泡胶束,溶剂条件、疏水链长度及亲疏水基团种类对胶束形态作用显著,囊泡变形规律受次级拓扑结构作用明显.     

富勒醇聚醚聚氨酯的热性能

通过水溶性多羟基化合物C60(OH)n和聚醚聚氨酯(PEO—PU)预聚体反应合成了一系列新型的C60星形聚醚聚氨酯，并用傅里叶红外分析(FTIR)、差式扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)等手段对其性能进行了表征．结果表明，C60星形聚醚聚氨酯比线性的聚醚聚免酯具有更高的柔顺性和热稳定性；随着聚氧化乙烯数均分子量Mn的增加，C60星形聚醚聚氨酯的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)降低，热分解温度(td)提高．     

Novel PLGGE graft polymeric micelles for doxorubicin delivery

Novel poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-glutamic acid)]}-g-monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGGE) micelles were prepared and used as carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery. Three PEGylated PLGG copolymers (PLGGE2000, PLGGE1100 and PLGGE500) were characterized by XRD, TG and DSC. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the amphiphilic copolymers were 1.04, 0.55 and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. The TEM, AFM and DLS measurements revealed that the micelles were homogeneous spherical nanoparticles with the diameters ranged from 50 to 150 nm when THF was used as solvent in the preparation of the micelles. Interestingly, extended cylindrical micelles were obtained using CHCl 3 as solvent. The micelles could trap doxorubicin (DOX) in the core with the highest drug loading content up to 23.7%. The mean diameter of drug loaded micelles was much bigger than that of blank micelles. The in vitro drug release of the micelles was diffusion-controlled release within the first 36 h and initial burst release was not obvious. However, after 36 h, the release rate in pH 5.0 was faster than that in pH 7.4 due to the degradation. The PLGGE micelles were nontoxic to both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and HepG2 cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells demonstrated that the drug loaded micelles exhibited high inhibition activity to cancer cells. CLSM observation of HepG2 cells showed that DOX released from the micelles could be delivered into cell cytoplasm and cell nuclei. PLGGE micelles are potential promising carriers for anti-tumor drug delivery.     

两亲性嵌段共聚物自组装形成平头胶束

高度不对称的两亲性嵌段共聚物可以通过自组装形成平头胶束聚集体.文中综述了嵌段共聚物的聚合方法,嵌段共聚物平头胶束的结构、类型和制备方法,平头胶束的形成机理及对其形貌的主要影响因素.     

Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic ABA type triblock copolymer with well-defined glycopolymer segments

A novel amphiphilic ABA type triblock copolymer with well-defined glycopolymer segments was successfully synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） technique, using a bromo-terminated difunctional polysulfone as macroinitiator. The difunctional polysulfone macroinitiator was prepared by esterifying the phenolic end groups of polysulfone to aaloesters. This macroinitiator was then used to initiate the polymerization of a glucose-carrying monomer, 3-O-methacryloyl-1,2：5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose （MAIpG）, resulting an ABA type triblock copolymer. After acidolysis treatment, the isopropylidenyl groups of the protected sugar residues were removed, thus the amphiphilic ABA type triblock copolymer with well-defined glycopolymer segments was obtained. The polymers obtained were identified by FT-IR, ^1H-NMR, GPC, and TGA. The self-assembly behavior of the amphiphilic glycopolymer in selective solvent （e.g. DMF/H2O） system was also preliminarily explored. The resultant amphiphilic glycopolymer shows potential applications in the fields of controlled release and delivery of drugs, micro-reactors, nano-materials, medical devices, and SO on.