中温煤沥青悬浮法制备球形活性炭的研究

以软化点为85 ℃、0.30～0.45 mm的中温煤沥青颗粒为原料，采用悬浮法制备沥青球，采用混合氧化法（HNO3液相氧化和O2气相氧化）对沥青球进行不熔化处理. 不熔化沥青球经过炭化、CO2活化法制备沥青基球形活性炭. 采用SEM、TG/DTG、FT-IR对沥青球进行表征. 结果表明，采用悬浮法制备的沥青球表面光滑、平均球形度0.981、粒径分布集中，0.30～0.45 mm的沥青球质量占比超93%. 活化温度940 ℃，保温6 h制得的沥青基球形活性炭的BET比表面积为1 545 m2/g、微孔率为75.30%.     

添加炭黑对石油沥青基球形活性炭孔结构的影响

以添加炭黑的石油沥青为原料，采用悬浮成球的方法和CO2活化工艺，制得了比表面积约为1493m^2/g而且富含3.6nm左右中孔的石油沥青基球形活性炭（PSAC）。通过吸附性能测定和XRD分析，对添加炭黑和未添加炭黑的PSAC的孔结构进行了对比研究，少量炭黑的加入导致了很大程度炭微晶层面的破坏和微晶细化，同时沥青与炭黑在收缩应力的作用下发生界面剥离，为CO2进入球体内部提供通道，促进了孔隙的发展。     

不同粒径中间相炭微球活化性能的比较

以热聚合煤沥青制得的三种粒径不同的中间相炭微球(MCMB)为原料，用氢氧化钾(KOH)做活化剂，在不同活化条件下对这三种中间相炭微球进行活化．其活化条件为：碱炭比为1-5，活化温度为700-900℃，活化时间为60-180min．考察了活化条件对这三种中间相炭微球的活化收率、碘吸附值的影响．     

用煤焦油沥青制备优质活性炭的研究

以煤焦油沥青为原料,使用KCNS溶液活化处理,选择适宜的工艺条件,制备出优质的活性炭.讨论了煤焦油沥青热处理温度、中间相沥青的粒径、KCNS溶液的浓度、KCNS溶液与中间相沥青的液固比、炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间等主要因素对活性炭性能的影响.结果表明,在适宜的工艺条件下制备的活性炭,强度为90.4%,比表面积为2601.0m2/g,吸碘值为2216.7mg/g,吸苯值为1099.1mg/g,吸亚甲基蓝值为397.5mg/g,产品性能优良.图1,表8,参7.     

炭黑/煤焦油沥青基球形活性炭的制备及表征

以煤焦油沥青为前驱体,采用反溶剂沉淀法来构建沥青的球形结构,并在此过程中添加炭黑颗粒,利用后续炭化过程中两种物质的界面分离增加孔道结构,应用KOH活化法制备煤沥青基球形活性炭.系统地讨论炭黑添加量、炭化温度、活化温度、KOH添加量等因素对复合球形活性炭的微观形貌及孔道结构参数的影响.实验结果表明,炭黑添加量对球形活性炭的形貌结构和比表面积有着重要影响.炭化温度过低、活化温度过高、KOH添加过多均会导致制备的样品难以维持球形形貌.因此,调控适宜的制备条件才能制备出比表面积较大、球形度良好的球形活性炭.     

预氧化方式对沥青基球形活性炭制备过程的影响

分别以30%HNO3溶液（质量百分数,下同）和空气为氧化介质处理沥青球,制备了沥青基球形活性炭。分别采用热重分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、气体吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜等对氧化沥青球、炭化料、沥青基球形活性炭等进行了分析与表征。结果表明：沥青球在HNO3氧化过程中主要引入—NO2官能团,该官能团在炭化过程中促进了沥青分子的交联和聚合,降低了沥青球挥发分的逸出,增加了炭收率;炭化后沥青球内部残留的氮（1.4%）提升了碳表面与活化剂的亲和力,加速了活化反应的进行。沥青球在空气氧化中的结合氧主要以C—O—C和C=O的形式存在,沥青分子在氧化过程中被交联成刚性或链状大分子,保证了炭化过程的顺利进行。     

不同粒径中间相炭微球活化性能的比较

以热聚合煤沥青制得的三种粒径不同的中间相炭微球(MCMB)为原料,用氢氧化钾(KOH)做活化剂,在不同活化条件下对这三种中间相炭微球进行活化.其活化条件为:碱炭比为1-5,活化温度为700-900℃,活化时间为60-180 min.考察了活化条件对这三种中间相炭微球的活化收率、碘吸附值的影响.     

混合碱法甘蔗渣基活性炭的制备工艺研究

采用正交试验方法研究影响混合碱法制备甘蔗渣基活性炭性能的4种工艺因素：活化剂配比、料液比、活化温度及活化时间。结果表明,影响甘蔗渣活性炭吸附性能的工艺因素的强弱秩序为：活化时间、活化温度、活化剂配比、料液比;样品的亚甲基蓝吸附值随着活化温度的升高或活化时间的延长而呈先增后降的变化规律。其最佳工艺为：活化剂配比（KOH：NaOH）7．4：1、料液比1．18：1、浸渍时间24h、活化温度923K、活化时间0．42h。经优化工艺制得的甘蔗渣基活性炭样品的亚甲基蓝吸附值为12．7ml／0．1g,为活性炭国家标准（GB／T13803．4—1999）中一级品的1．4倍。     

物理活化法制备椰壳活性炭研究

以椰壳炭化料为原料采用水蒸气活化法在不同操作条件下制备得到各种椰壳活性炭.分别研究了水蒸气活化实验中活化时间和活化温度对活性炭的得率、活性炭碘值和苯酚吸附值的影响关系.实验结果表明,活化温度是水蒸气活化法制备椰壳活性炭的最重要的影响因素.在实验范围内,水蒸气活化法制备椰壳活性炭时,宜将活化温度选择在850℃左右,活化时间为120min.     

沥青氧化纤维制备活性炭纤维过程中孔隙结构的变化

以通用级沥青氧化纤维为原料经水蒸气活化制得沥青基活性炭纤维(PACF),讨论了工艺参数对PACF的比表面积、孔结构(孔容、孔径大小及分布)的影响。结果表明,PACF的比表面积随着活化温度的提高(850～950℃)而增加,同时,孔径变大,孔径分布变宽;在相同最终活化温度下(900℃),PACF的孔径及其分布随着水蒸气通入温度的不同而发生变化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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