GH36合金中的VCM_(23)C_6和高温持久缺口敏感性

使用薄膜TEM直接观察了成分相近热处理制度不同的两个炉号GH36合金的基本组织,使用SAD和DF技术做物相分析。结果表明,合金经正常热处理后析出细小弥散分布的VC,尺寸约在2nm～12nm,还有M_(23)C_6和N_6C、其中VC和M_(23)C_6与合金基体的取向关系是[011]_(vc)∥[011]_M∥[011]M_(23)C6,(111)_(VC)∥(111)_M∥(111)M_(23)C_6,(200)_(VC)∥(200)_M∥(200)M_(23)C6,通过补充时效后合金中VC颗粒聚集长大,晶界析出的M_(23)C_6更多,这种组织及晶界状态有利于改善合金的持久缺口敏感性。     

GH220合金的基本组织

GH220合金正常热处理组织有γ基体。γ′、MC、M_6C和M_3B_2相。第一阶段晶粒长大温度1150℃—1170℃,第二阶段为1210℃。碳化物相M_6C最大析出峰在1000℃左右,并发现不同成分的二种M_6C相。 正常热处理得不到大小二种γ′,等温弯晶热处理能得到大小γ′和弯曲晶界组织。 长期时效,低W、Mo、Al、Ti(17.61％)合金析出M_(23)C_6相。当W+Mo大于12％(如12.31％)正常热处理会析出少量μ相;等于12％时,时效后才出现μ相。 合金中加入微量元素Mg可改变碳化物形状,使之细化。     

10Cr-15Co-Ni基高温合金相分析的研究

本文对10Cr-15Co-Ni基高温合金多种热处理状态下的析出相进行了鉴定,着重对比了标准热处理及等温弯晶热处理后的合金相,证明经上述两种不同热处理后相的种类、数量、组成基本相同,主要存在四种相:γ′、MC、M_6C及M_3B_2,无M_(23)C_5。探讨了MC-M_5C-M_3B_2的化学分离条件,同时辅之以相应的x射线衍射法。研究表明分离结果基本可靠。     

镍基变形高温合金中的弯曲晶界形成的机制

本文重点研究镍基变形高温合金中弯曲晶界形成的动力学过程。指出当晶界上存在两相(和M_6C或M_(23)C_6)时,形成弯晶的为主相随合金本质及热处理参数(温度、冷速等)而变化。提出一个两相式弯晶形成模型和一个一段晶界迁移模型。     

WC-高锰钢钢结硬质合金显微组织及相结构研究

本文研究了wC-高锰钢钢结硬质合金中的微观组织及相结构。用金相实验观察到硬质相wc有两种几何形态;用电解萃取及X光衍射测定出合金中存在有WC、γ-Fe、M_6C、M_(23)C_6、FeNi相、并用TME观察了各相的形貌及结构,指出M_6C是本合金的主要碳化物析出相。     

在不同磨料磨损条件下高铬铸铁磨损过程的研讨

通过改变高铬铸铁中的碳含量,而保持其它组分基本不变,得到M_7C_3型碳化物含量在9～42%之间的一系列合金.对每一种合金进行四种不同的热处理,从而使其具有四种不同的基体组织. 在ML-10磨料磨损试验机(二体磨损试验)和自制的自由磨料磨损试验机(三体磨损试验)上,用三种不同硬度的磨料(SiC、Al_2O_3和石榴子石)对这一系列合金进行磨损试验.并利用各种微观观察方法,分析和讨论了高铬铸铁中的两个主要组成相——(Cr,Fe)_7C_3型碳化物和基体在磨损过程中的作用,及其破损失效方式.结果指出:在不同的磨损系统中及在不同硬度的磨料下,合金组成相的破损是不同的,热处理状态强烈地影响了合金的耐磨性和组织破损形式,从而为在实际零件中选择高铬铸铁的成份和热处理提供了一定的依据.     

合金元素对R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相的影响

采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对R5系泊链钢在400～1600℃存在的平衡析出相进行了热力学计算,并讨论了合金元素对平衡析出相的影响. 结果表明,R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相主要为M_(23)C_6、M_6C、MX和AlN,其中M为Cr、Fe、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ni和V等,X为C、N和空位Va等. 在此基础上讨论了合金元素C、Cr、Mo和Nb对M_(23)C_6相、M_6C相及MX相的平衡摩尔含量和平衡析出温度的影响,优化了新型R5系泊链钢的合金体系及热处理工艺,提出新型R5系泊链钢的最佳热处理工艺为920±30℃淬火和600±30℃回火,其中金属元素Mo的质量分数以0.45%为佳.     

铁对镍基铸造高温合金组织和性能的影响

本文着重研究了0～25％铁对Ni-Cr-Mo-Al-Ti型镍基铸造合金组织及性能的影响。研究表明,随含铁量增加合金中γ′数量减少,尺寸变小,形态由立方状变为球状;MC量增多,而M_(23)C_6及M_3C_2量减少;铁明显地改变合金元素在γ-γ′中的分配关系,并提高合金的平均电子空位数(?)_v,从而促进σ相析出。随含铁量增加,合金中有害微量元素增加,铁严重地降低持久强度,但对拉伸强度影响较小,铁高时合金塑性下降。     

GH220合金中碳化物相变规律

研究了合金中M_6C,M_(23)C_6及MC的晶体结构、化学组成、形态、分布及数量,它们的溶解析出规律及互相转化。     

低合金高速钢回火过程的透射电镜研究

高速钢回火过程中组织变化十分复杂,本文用透射电子显微镜对低合金高速钢W3Mo2Cr4V的回火过程进行了研究。结果表明:该钢560℃回火时主要析出MC型和M_3C型碳化物,其中MC呈盘状,M_3C呈微细粒状,钢中加入硅,显著抑制了合金渗碳体的形成,并加速其向MC和M_7C_3碳化物的转变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that