干摩擦时TC11合金离子轰击改性层的耐磨性

为了提高TC11合金的表面耐磨性,对TC11合金试件进行了离子轰击渗扩处理。用往复式滑动磨损试验机进行了磨损试验,对比了经离子轰击处理和常规热处理后的TC11合金表面改性层与GCr15钢球对磨时的耐磨性,用表面形貌仪测定了磨痕表面形貌曲线,用扫描电子显微镜分析了磨痕形貌。试验结果表明:干摩擦条件下,经离子轰击渗扩处理的TC11合金试件表面改性层的耐磨性得到大大提高,其原因是前者的抗粘着磨损和抗犁削磨损的能力均优于后者。     

TC4合金氩弧熔覆TiN复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为提高钛合金表面性能,以TiN粉和Ti粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术,在TC4合金表面成功制备出TiN增强Ti基复合涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆涂层的显微组织和物相组成;利用显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验机测试了复合涂层的显微硬度和室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层组织均匀致密,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,熔覆涂层主要由TiN棒状树枝晶和TiN颗粒组成,复合涂层明显改善了TC4合金的表面硬度,涂层的最高显微硬度可达9.5 GPa;复合涂层在室温干滑动磨损实验条件下具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损,其耐磨性较TC4合金基体提高近9倍。     

硼稀土共渗钛合金的耐蚀性研究

采用不需保护性气氛的固体粉末法对Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金表面进行稀土与硼共渗,并对硼稀土共渗TC4钛合金、单渗硼TC4钛合金及未经渗硼处理的TC4钛合金基体,分别在35%NaCl和5%H2SO4(质量分数)溶液介质中进行了腐蚀实验.X射线衍射分析表明,TC4表面渗层由TiB2和TiB组成.扫描电镜观察表明,外层的TiB2具有平坦的生长前沿,而内层TiB为锯齿状形貌;其中外层的TiB2内部存在少量针孔,分析认为是Ce原子与B原子共渗时产生的Kirkendall效应所致.Tafel极化曲线分析结果表明,在35%NaCl和5%H2SO4溶液介质中,各样品的耐蚀性大小排序为单渗硼TC4钛合金>硼稀土共渗TC4钛合金>未经渗硼处理的TC4钛合金.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢真空渗氮处理

采用真空渗氮方法对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行表面强化处理。利用金相显微镜、XRD、显微硬度计及耐磨试验机研究了表面渗氮硬化层的显微组织、相组成、显微硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明:真空渗氮处理后,渗氮硬化层主要由γ-Fe、γ'-Fe_4N和CrN相组成;渗氮层厚度达200μm以上,表面硬度为1100-1200 HV,比基体硬度提高了4倍左右;在相同条件下,磨损质量损失约为未渗氮试样的1/8,磨痕宽度明显降低,真空渗氮可显著提高不锈钢的耐磨性。     

TA2钛合金真空渗碳层组织及性能研究

采用自制间歇式真空渗碳装置,在不同压力下对TA2钛合金进行CH_4和C_2H_2混合渗碳处理。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、自动维氏硬度测试和万能摩擦磨损试验等检测手段,对比分析了不同气压下TA2钛合金的渗层组织、硬度和耐磨性。结果表明:渗层主要由TiC0.93相组成,表层组织细化;硬度比原样提高了2.78倍,有效硬化层深度超过120μm,硬度梯度平缓;平均摩擦系数大幅度降低,磨损速率达到5.7×10~(-7)cm~3/(min·N),仅为原样的1/55;经渗碳处理后的TA2钛合金综合性能显著提高。     

医用Ti6Al7Nb合金氧化行为及其磨损性能

为提高生物医用Ti6Al7Nb合金表面的耐磨损性能,研究了在500~800℃空气中的热氧化行为以及其改善的磨损性能.研究结果表明:500~600℃氧化速率低,表面硬度较基体变化不大.在750℃以上,氧化速度增加,氧化动力学遵从抛物线规律,氧化物主要由TiO2和少量Al2O3组成.在800℃时,氧化物颗粒长大,氧化层疏松,极易剥落.综合考虑硬化层深度和氧化时间,得出最佳热氧化工艺参数为750℃氧化8 h.在此工艺下处理的钛合金表面硬度达到1 047 HV,耐磨性是原合金材料的280倍.分析了合金氧化后耐磨损性能的提高机制.     

Ti6Al4V合金表面激光重熔Ni60B+TiN喷涂层的组织与性能

为解决钛及钛合金的耐磨性能，在Ti6Al4V表面进行激光重熔NiCrBSi TiN合金喷涂层的试验，利用XRD和SEM对熔覆层进行了分析，测试了显微硬度和涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明：通过优化工艺参数可获得连续的、均匀的、无裂纹和气孔的熔覆层，熔覆层主要由γ-Ni、TiN、NiB、Cr2Ti和Ti2Ni组成，在结合区热影响区的界面有大约4-5μm的扩散层，熔覆层的平均硬度达l076～l355HV，稀释区为800HV。     

钢件表面改性层价电子结构及其对性能的影响

为了研究C、N、V、Nb、Ti元素表面改性层行为机理,基于固体与分子经验电子理论(EET),计算了钢件表面改性层及基体中相及相界面的电子结构参数的统计值,研究了改性层价电子结构参数统计值与钢件性能的关系。结果表明:表面改性层中n′_A越大,固溶强化效果越好,表面改性层的硬度、耐磨性越高;表面改性层中Δρ′越大,界面强化效果越好,表面改性层的硬度、耐磨性越高;表面改性层与基体间过渡层中n′_A、Δρ′的变化越连续,改性层与基体的结合越好。这些研究为钢件的表面改性提供理论依据。     

奥氏体不锈钢离子渗N组织及性能

采用辉光离子渗N技术对奥氏体不锈钢球阀进行表面氮化处理,改变其表面结构,提高表面耐磨性.选取三组离子渗N的温度,分别为400、440、480 ℃,渗N时间设置为12 h.采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪对渗N改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:离子渗N技术可以大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性.渗N温度为400 ℃时,渗N改性层最薄,耐磨性最差,480 ℃时渗N改性层最厚、耐磨性最好.     

TC4钛合金固体渗硼及渗硼过程动力学研究

采用固体粉末渗硼法对TC4钛合金基体表面在1000,1050和1100℃分别保温5,10,15,20h进行了渗硼层厚度的测试,做出了硼钛化合物层生长动力学曲线,并用SigmaPlot10.0对实验数据进行分析和拟合,得出了渗硼层等厚度图.通过SEM与XRD研究TC4钛合金渗硼后的组织形貌和物相组成.结果表明,在实验条件下,渗层由TiB2和伸向基体的须状的TiB组成,渗层厚度范围为0.8～15μm.经回归分析得到硼在钛合金中的平均扩散激活能为65.23kJ/mol.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that