交联型单分散改性聚苯乙烯微球的制备与表征

以苯乙烯（St）为单体,对苯乙烯磺酸钠（NaSS）为共聚单体,二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂,制备了单分散交联聚苯乙烯（PS）功能微球,用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、动态光散射（DLS）、Zeta(ζ)电势分析仪、核磁共振交联密度仪、同步热分析仪等对其进行了表征。研究了交联剂、共聚单体的用量对微球粒径及表面电荷的影响。结果表明：所制得的微球粒径在100~400nm 之间,表面带负电荷,呈单分散性;共聚单体用量增加,微球粒径减小,表面ζ电势增强;微球表面电荷基本不随放置时间变化而改变,稳定性好。     

四元共聚反应性微凝胶制备的研究

采用微乳液聚合工艺,用半连续加料法合成了以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体、以二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂的苯乙烯(St)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)共聚微凝胶,考察了软硬单体配比、非离子和阴离子乳化剂配比和用量及MMA、DVB用量对共聚物乳液的粒径及其分布、粘度和成膜性能的影响.     

纳米级磁性复合微球的制备

采用改进了乳液聚合法,在磁流体存在下进行苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯和丙烯酸的三元共聚,可得到含Ｆｅ３Ｏ４的磁性聚苯乙烯微球。该微球外观呈球形,内部为多相构造,可在磁场下被分离出来,微球粒径分布窄且具有良好的耐酸性和机械稳定性。引发剂和乳化剂用量及分散介质中乙醇含量对磁性聚苯乙烯微球有很大的影响。     

自稳定沉淀聚合法制备交联(α-甲基苯乙烯-马来酸酐)共聚物微粒的研究

采用自稳定沉淀聚合方法制备了交联（α-甲基苯乙烯-马来酸酐）共聚物(PAMSM)微球,探讨了交联剂种类、交联剂用量对所得交联聚合物粒子形貌、粒径、粒径分布及热力学性能的影响。结果表明,以二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂所制得的聚合物微球的粒径、粒径分布及形貌随二乙烯基苯用量的增加变化不大,而以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂微球的粒径则随交联剂用量的增多而增大,在较高交联剂用量条件下粒径分布变宽。微球的交联程度可以通过交联剂用量的变化进行调控。对交联PAMSM产物的热性能分析发现,交联剂可以提高PAMSM的玻璃化转变温度,且提高的程度与交联剂在分子链中的化学结构有关,而交联剂对PAMSM热稳定性能的影响不明显。     

蒸馏沉淀聚合法制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球

以乙腈为溶剂,以过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂进行了苯乙烯（St）和二乙烯基苯（DVB）的蒸馏沉淀共聚合研究,制得粒径2-3μm的单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球．结果表明,当单体总量和BPO用量增加时,微球粒径增大,产率升高．当交联剂DVB用量增加时,微球平均粒径增大,粒径分布变窄,产率升高．随着混合溶剂中乙醇含量的下降,粒径分布变窄,产率升高．在其他条件基本相同的情况下,用长分馏柱所得的聚合物微球具有较好的形貌．     

四元共聚反应性微凝胶乳液聚合反应动力学研究

研究了苯乙烯(St)-丙烯酸丁酯(BA)-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)-二乙烯基苯(DVB)四元共聚反应性微凝胶在复合乳化剂存在下的乳液共聚合行为,讨论了乳化剂、引发剂、交联单体DVB含量和聚合温度对其乳液聚合动力学的影响,结果表明,以DVB为交联剂,St-BA-MAA微凝胶乳液聚合反应速率Rp∝[E0]0.93[I]0.928,其乳液聚合反应的动力学曲线与经典乳液聚合有所差异.     

磁性聚苯乙烯微球的合成与表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,并用聚乙二醇-6000对其表面改性,然后以苯乙烯(St)为单体,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,采用分散聚合法,制备粒径小,磁含量高的磁性聚苯乙烯微球.X射线衍射(XRD)研究表明,所制备的Fe3O4粒子为面心立方结构.红外光谱测试(FT-IR)表明微球中存在苯乙烯和Fe3O4纳米粒子.透射电镜(TEM)观察表明,所制备的磁性聚苯乙烯微球的粒径约为100 nm.热重(TG)分析得到磁性聚苯乙烯微球磁性物质质量分数为14.5%.振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试结果表明,磁性聚苯乙烯纳米粒子的比饱和磁化强度为14.4 A·m2/kg,具有超顺磁性.     

分散聚合制备聚苯乙烯微球

以苯乙烯为单体,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散稳定剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,研究了分散聚合体系中各组分,如单体、分散介质和引发剂等用量的变化对聚合物微球的粒径大小及粒度分布的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对微球表面形貌进行了观测.结果表明,体系中的单体浓度、分散介质特性、引发剂用量对所制备微球的粒径大小及粒度分布具有重要影响.通过调整配方,选择合适的工艺参数,可成功制备出粒径2~5 μm、单分散性良好的聚苯乙烯微球,且微球表面光洁,外形均匀对称,相互之间没有粘连.     

单分散窄分布PMMA微球的制备工艺研究

通过分散聚合法,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲醇/水为分散介质,并二次滴加单体与分散介质混合液,制备微米级单分散聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球.通过傅里叶转换红外分析,场发射扫描电镜,激光粒度分析等对微球进行表征.研究反应时间、初始单体浓度、分散剂浓度和引发剂用量等因素对微球粒径及粒径分布的影响.引发剂浓度和分散剂用量是影响聚合物微球粒径主要因素.分散剂浓度增大,引发剂浓度减小,均使微球粒径减小,分布变窄.最佳工艺条件为PVP用量1.5%、AIBN用量1%、单体用量10%、甲醇用量为60%、反应时间为6h、温度为75℃、制得的微球粒径为1.8μm.     

功能化聚苯乙烯树脂负载钯催化剂在聚酮合成中的应用

采用苯乙烯与二乙烯基苯交联合成聚苯乙烯树脂微球,通过一系列反应后得到表面接枝双齿氮的功能化树脂微球.以负载有乙酸钯的功能化树脂微球组成的催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚合成聚酮.利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对树脂负载催化剂及聚合产物进行了表征.研究了催化体系中各组分用量及反应时间对共聚反应的影响.结果表明,树脂负载催化剂对聚酮合成反应具有较好的催化性能:当树脂用量为0.5 g、乙酸钯为22.4 mg时,聚酮产量达8.6606 g.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that