中华稻蝗卵子发生的观察

对直翅目蝗总科中华稻蝗[Oxya chinesis(Thunberg)]卵子发生过程进行细胞学观察及阶段划分，成虫期卵子发生可分为卵母细胞分化、卵母细胞营养及卵母细胞卵黄形成3个时期，并且可划分为8个阶段：第l阶段，卵母细胞位于卵原区，进行第一次减数分裂前期；第2阶段，卵母细胞增大，滤泡上皮细胞开始出现；第3阶段，滤泡上皮细胞呈扁平状排列为一层包围在卵母细胞外，卵室内有空隙；第4阶段，滤泡上皮细胞呈立方形，卵室内无空隙，胚泡向卵质周缘移动；第5阶段，卵母细胞体积增大，滤泡上皮细胞长柱状，细胞间开始出现空位；第6阶段，卵母细胞胞质周缘有泡状小体出现并有卵黄颗粒积累；第7阶段，卵母细胞胞质内充满了染色较深的卵黄球，卵黄物质逐渐被卵黄膜包被，胚泡膜消失；第8阶段，卵黄积累完成，滤泡上皮细胞分泌卵壳蛋白凝聚固化而成为卵壳。     

尖唇散白蚁卵子发生的研究

目的 白蚁的品级分化和发育与其性腺成熟有密切的关系，通过对尖唇散白蚁(Reticulitermes aculabialis)卵子发生的研究，为进一步探讨其生殖生理和品级分化的分子调节机制打下基础。方法 取雌性末龄若虫和分飞成虫腹部，Bouin氏液固定，常规石蜡切片6μm，HE染色。结果 卵子发生分为卵母细胞分化期、生长期及卵黄形成期，并细分为7个阶段：第1阶段，卵母细胞处于卵原区进行第1次减数分裂的前期；第2阶段，核仁消失，滤泡细胞开始分化；第3阶段，滤泡细胞包围卵母细胞后成为双核的柱状体；第4阶段，卵黄颗粒出现；第5阶段，卵母细胞积累大量卵黄；第6阶段，滤泡细胞变为柳叶状，卵黄积累完成；第7阶段，卵壳形成。结论 在卵子发生的过程方面，白蚁与其他昆虫基本相同。即：卵黄发生是卵子发生过程中的关键阶段；滤泡细胞在卵黄发生期非常活跃，参与了卵黄的形成，并且有可能直接调节卵子的成熟。     

短额负蝗卵子发生及卵母细胞凋亡的组织学观察

用组织学方法对短额负蝗卵子发生和卵母细胞凋亡进行了显微观察.根据卵母细胞的大小、形态、胞核的变化、卵黄物质的形成以及滤泡细胞的形态变化等特征,将短额负蝗卵子发生分为3个时期8个阶段,并描述了各个阶段卵母细胞和滤泡细胞的形态特征.卵子发生过程中卵母细胞凋亡现象主要发生在卵母细胞生长期,特征主要表现为滤泡细胞向卵母细胞质内分裂增殖,卵母细胞的胞质不均匀,出现许多空泡状物质.     

北京油葫芦卵子发生的观察

对北京油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma Ohmachi & Matsuura)卵子发生过程进行了系统观察和研究.结果表明,成虫期卵子发生可明显的分为卵母细胞分化、生长及卵黄形成三个时期,并可分为七个阶段.第一阶段,卵母细胞位于卵原区,进行第一次减数分裂的前期.第二阶段,卵母细胞核内核仁消失,滤泡上皮细胞开始分化.第三阶段,滤泡上皮细胞有丝分裂形成单细胞层包围在卵母细胞外,之后滤泡上皮细胞形成双核的柱状体.第四阶段,卵母细胞胞质的周缘有泡状小体出现,随后卵黄小颗粒开始在胞质周缘沉积.第五阶段,卵母细胞积累大量卵黄物质,胚泡膜界限变的模糊.第六阶段,卵黄积累完成,胚泡消失,滤泡上皮细胞又成为扁圆形.第七阶段,卵黄膜和卵壳形成,卵子发育成熟.     

中华绒螯蟹卵子发生中卵母细胞表面和滤泡细胞的超微结构

利用透射电镜技术观察了中华绒螯蟹卵子发生过程中卵母细胞表面和滤泡细胞超微结构的变化.结果显示:从卵原细胞期到卵黄大量合成时期,滤泡细胞逐渐向卵母细胞迁移,细胞膜向外伸出许多突起,胞质中的细胞器逐渐增多,它们与卵黄蛋白物质一同移入卵周隙.到卵黄合成晚期,滤泡细胞逐渐解体.与此同时卵母细胞表面在卵黄发生初期可见微胞饮小泡;卵黄大量发生期出现大量微绒毛;卵黄合成晚期,卵黄膜形成,卵黄膜上出现多条通道,这些结构为卵母细胞吸收来自滤泡细胞的卵黄蛋白物质提供了保障.     

鲶卵巢发育组织学的初步研究

以鲶卵巢为材料，研究了卵巢和卵母细胞发育的形态结构特点。鲶卵巢的发育划分为６期，其卵母细胞相应地划分为６个时相，第一时相的卵母细胞呈原始分化状态，细胞外具一层细胞质膜，第二时相卵母细胞外不仅具质膜，而且还有滤泡膜和结缔组织膜。第三和第四时相的卵母细胞分化明显，由散在的卵黄沉积逐渐形成大的卵黄颗粒。第四时相卵母细胞具有漏斗状的精孔及椭圆形的精孔细胞。第五时相和第六时相分别为卵子形成和退化吸收时相。     

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)卵子发生的细胞化学研究

本研究应用细胞化学方法研究了罗氏沼虾卵子发生过程中主要生物大分子的变化。从卵原细胞到卵母细胞的发育过程中，核酸逐渐分散，蛋白质大量沉积。尽管卵原细胞和卵黄发生前的卵母细胞中，PAS和苏丹黑反应为阴性，但随着卵母细胞被滤泡细胞包围，这两种反应阳性物质在卵母细胞质中大量出现，似乎表明滤泡细胞可以向卵母细胞提供糖类和脂类或能构成糖类、脂类的物质。成熟卵子内含有大量蛋白质、糖类和脂类，为此后的胚胎发育作好了准备。     

锯缘青蟹卵子发生的超微结构研究

锯缘青蟹的卵子发生可划分为卵原细胞，卵黄发生前期和卵黄发生期卵母细胞三个时期，卵原细胞核大而圆，卵质稀少，胞器以滑面内质网为主。卵黄发生前的卵母细胞核显著膨大，部分核内可见到同源染色体的联会现象：卵质细密，出现核仁外排物和大量的核糖体，粗面内质网，线粒体和自噬泡，卵黄发生的卵母细胞核膜上核孔密集；卵质中各种胞器高度发达，参与形成卵黄粒和脂滴；细胞出现微吞饮活动并形成卵黄膜，细胞外围单层滤泡细胞，本     

罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii）卵子发生的细胞…

本研究应用细胞化学方法研究了罗氏沼虾卵子发生过程中主要生物大分子的变化。从卵原细胞到卵母细胞的发育过程中，核酸逐渐分散，蛋白质大量沉积。尽管卵原细胞和卵黄发生前的卵母细胞中，ＰＡＳ和苏丹黑反应为阴性，但随着卵母细胞被滤泡细胞包围，这两种反应阳性物质在卵母细胞质中大量出现，似乎表明滤泡细胞可以向卵母细胞提供糖类和脂类或能构成糖类，脂类的物质。     

白棘三列海胆生殖系统的组织学研究

从组织学方面研究了白棘三列海胆生殖系统的构造及其性腺发育分期．结果表明,白棘三列海胆的生殖腺为5列,由系膜悬挂于各生殖腔内．卵巢为滤泡型,在滤泡的边缘为卵原细胞和卵黄形成前期卵母细胞,而在滤泡的内部为卵黄形成初期卵母细胞、卵黄形成后期卵母细胞和成熟卵细胞,当卵母细胞内的卵黄完成积累后,经两次成熟分裂,分裂为成熟卵子．精巢也为滤泡型,精原细胞由滤泡壁原始的生殖细胞产生,进而依次发育为初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子．白棘三列海胆生殖腺发育周期可分为：恢复期、生长期、成熟前期和排放后期,通过解剖观察及组织切片显示,全年中除5月份之外,其余各月份均可进行白棘三列海胆的人工繁殖．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to