新型含磷阻燃剂DOPO-ITA的合成与表征

以9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）、衣康酸（ITA）为原料，二甲苯作溶剂合成出了新型含磷阻燃剂DOPO—ITA，并通过红外光谱、^1H核磁谱、质谱等对该化合物结构进行了鉴定。同时考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂种类和气氛等对收率的影响。结果表明，当n（DOPO）：n（ITA）=1：1；反应温度160℃；反应时间18h；工业氮气保护条件下DOPO—ITA的收率为91％。     

新型含磷阻燃剂DOPO-ITA-EG的合成与表征

以10-（2，5-二羧基丙基）-9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO-ITA）、乙二醇（EG）为原料合成出新型反应型阻燃剂DOPO-ITA-EG，并通过红外光谱、1H核磁共振谱对该化合物结构进行了鉴定。并探索了催化剂种类、投料比、反应时间等因素对收率的影响。结果表明，合成DOPO-ITA-EG比较适宜的反应冬件为：n（DOPO—ITA）：n（EG）=1：6，反应温度为185-190℃，反应时间为8h，高纯氩气作为保护气。     

合成正丁醛1，2-丙二醇缩醛的新型催化剂硫酸氢钠

议NaHSO4为催化剂,对以正丁醛（Ⅱ）和1,2-丙二醇（Ⅲ为原料合成正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛（Ⅰ）的反应条件进行了研究,探讨了醛醇摩尔配比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。实验表明：NaHSO4是合成正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：n（醛）：n（醇）=1：3,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2．5％,带水剂环已烷为15mL,反应时间1h,在上述条件下,正丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率可迭71．9％。     

二氧化钛负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

以自制二氧化钛负载磷钨杂多酸H3PW12 O40／TiO2为多相催化剂，以苯甲醛和1，2-丙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛1，2-丙二醇缩醛，较系统地研究了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：适宜反应条件为n（苯甲醛）：n（1，2-丙二醇）=1：1．5，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.5％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间1．0h。上述条件下，苯甲醛1，2-丙二醇缩醛的收率为80．7％。     

N-甲基吗啉的合成研究

利用吗啉和碳酸二甲酯为原料研究N-甲基吗啉的合成．通过实验探索讨论了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度对收率的影响,并得出了最佳反应工艺条件为：物料配比n（C4H9NO）：n（C3H6O3）=1：1．2,反应时间3h,反应温度100℃．在此条件下产物收率可达95％以上,纯度可达97．50％．实验结果表明：此方法具有原料价廉易得、反应条件温和、操作容易控制、不污染环境等优点,是一条简单易行的重要的绿色合成途径．     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成异丁醛1，2-丙二醇缩醛的研究

在强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂存在下,以异丁醛、1,2-丙二醇为原料,直接合成异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛．分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：反应温度90-95℃,反应时间2．5h,n（异丁醛）：n（1,2-丙二醇）=1：1．2,催化剂用量1．5g,带水剂环己烷40mL（异丁醛为0．1mol的情况下）．异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率达到91．16％,产品纯度w（异丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛）达到98．5％以上．催化剂不经处理可多次循环使用．该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点．     

亚临界水条件下蔗糖尿素胶黏剂的合成

在亚临界水条件下以蔗糖代替甲醛合成了类似于脲醛树脂的绿色环保型胶黏剂．通过平行实验初步确定了反应配比、温度和反应时间;再用正交实验法对催化剂种类（酸）、催化剂用量、反应配比、反应时间、反应温度进行了优选．蔗糖尿素胶黏剂合成的最佳工艺条件是：n（蔗糖）：n（尿素）=5：1;催化剂为磷酸,用量4％;温度205℃;时间3min．     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3为多相催化剂，对以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂，较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为：n(苯甲醛)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．3，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．75％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间40min。上述条件下，苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达82．7％．     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3催化合成丁酮乙二醇缩酮

首次报道了以固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3为催化剂，通过丁酮和乙二醇反应合成了丁酮乙二醇缩酮，探讨了SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比，催化剂用量，反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明：SO4^2-／TiO2-MoO3是合成丁酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n(酮)：n(醇)=1：1．25，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0．5％，环己烷为带水剂，反应时间2．0h的优化条件下，丁酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可迭92．5％。     

N-苯基-2,2,6,6-四氯环己亚胺的催化合成

以2,2,6,6－四氯环己酮为原料,在催化剂存在下,合成了N－苯基－2,2,6,6－四氯环己亚胺,通过对催化剂、溶剂用量、反应时间、反应温度等因素的考察,得到了适宜的工艺条件;在n（酮）：n (苯胺）：n（催化剂）＝1：5：1．5（摩尔比）,反应温度为10－20℃,反应时间为3．5h手枪扌,收率为80％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with