管式致密透氧膜用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

采用钙钛矿型管式致密透氧膜反应器,在Ni/Al2O3催化剂上进行了甲烷部分氧化制合成气的实验研究,考察了进料气中甲烷的摩尔分数和反应温度对反应结果的影响,并对膜在反应条件下的稳定性作了分析.     

加压条件下两段法天然气催化氧化制合成气催化剂的改进

以α Al2O3为载体,在加压条件下,采用初湿浸渍法制备了镧助Ni/α Al2O3部分氧化重整催化剂和负载型钙钛矿型LCFM/α Al2O3燃烧催化剂,考察了反应温度、压力、CH4与氧配比等因素对两段法甲烷催化氧化制合成气性能的影响。结果表明,在两段法催化氧化制合成气工艺中采用LCFM/α Al2O3燃烧催化剂和镧助Ni/α Al2O3部分氧化/重整催化剂,能够消除反应热点,降低反应的危险性。当温度为1000℃及体系压力为2MPa时,甲烷转化率约为85%,CO和H2的选择性接近90%,与热力学平衡值十分接近;增加原料气中的氧含量,可以提高甲烷的转化率,但CO和H2选择性随之降低。     

气体放电等离子体直接转化CH4和CO2制备高碳烃研究

针对温室气体CH4和CO2化学利用,提出介质阻挡气体放电等离子体化学转化方法,将CH4,CO2直接转化为高碳烃,并副产一部分合成气.实验表明,介质阻挡气体放电CH4和CO2反应烃类产物类似于常规催化的Fischer-Tropsch(F-T)合成,包括气态烃、液态烃和高聚物,但产物分布不符合Flory-Schulz分布.研究讨论了分子筛在抑制等离子体聚合物和炭黑生成方面的作用,讨论了CO2进料对CH4转化制高碳烃的影响,指出适宜进料CH4/CO2比在2/1至3/1范围内.     

铁基载氧体化学链CH4/CO2转化研究进展

从工艺优化、载氧体选择与优化以及反应器设计角度对化学链CH4/CO2转化研究进展进行综述与探讨.目前提出的多种化学链CH4/CO2转化工艺可以归结为CH4和CO2在同一反应器以及CH4和CO2在不同反应器2类.热力学计算结果表明铁基载氧体适合于化学链CH4/CO2转化,多种载体和助剂有利于提高铁基载氧体性能甲烷反应性、...     

制备方法对NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂重整活性的影响

利用固定床流动反应装置,研究了NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备方法对CH4与CO2转化制合成气催化活性的影响.在本实验条件下,采用浸渍法和焙烧温度为400℃制备的NiO/γ-Al2O3(w=0.113)催化剂,在反应温度为750C和空速为2500h-1下,对CH4和CO2重整反应会显示良好的催化活性.本文还对催化剂抗积炭性能作初步讨论.     

制备方法对NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂重整活性的影响

利用固定床流动反应装置,研究了NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备方法对CH4与CO2转化制合成气催化活性的影响.在本实验条件下,采用浸渍法和焙烧温度为400℃制备的NiO/γ-Al2O3(w=0.113)催化剂,在反应温度为750C和空速为2500h-1下,对CH4和CO2重整反应会显示良好的催化活性.本文还对催化剂抗积炭性能作初步讨论.     

大气压DBD甲烷二氧化碳转化方法研究

在不使用催化剂,吸收剂的环境友好条件下,利用大气压介质阻挡强电离放电加速电子及激励气体分子方法,将CH4和CO2气体激发、电离和离解成CH3,CH2,CH,H,CO,O,OH等活性粒子,并在非平衡等离子体反应器内重新组合,生成合成气、气态烃及含氧有机物醇、酸等有价值产物,甲烷的转化率高达60%以上,二氧化碳或氮气的加入使甲烷的转化率有明显提高,甲烷与二氧化碳反应气的最佳体积比为3/1.当甲烷体积分数为75%时,可得到H2/CO摩尔比为3的高质量的合成气,收集到的液体产物主要有醇、酸和水等.     

膜反应器中甲烷催化部分氧化制合成气Ni/ZrO2积炭的研究

考察了YBCO(YBa2Cu3O7-x)透氧膜反应器中Ni/ZrO2催化剂催化氧化CH4制合成气时催化剂的积炭行为.结果表明,积炭速率随温度升高而增加,根据积炭反应平衡常数,积炭主要是甲烷分解积炭所导致.由SEM图可以观察到,温度为850~875℃时,积炭的形状主要是丝状炭,而900℃时积炭的形状为包容炭,包容炭对催化剂活性有较大影响.     

合成气制备工艺和二甲醚合成工艺的集成

在固定床反应器中,用3种典型的天然气造气工艺制备的合成气制备二甲醚,考察了温度、压力、空速等反应条件对催化剂性能的影响．实验结果表明,由于合成气一步法合成二甲醚是一个体积减小的反应,随着压力的增加,CO转化率增加;随着空速的增加,CO转化率降低;随着温度的升高,CO转化率先增加,达到一定值后,逐渐开始下降．分别用丹麦Topscpe甲醇合成催化剂和国产甲醇合成催化剂制备了DME合成催化剂,对其性能进行比较发现,前者具有较好的低温催化性能．用CH4-Air-H2O-CO2转化工艺制备的合成气,即含氮合成气合成二甲醚在适当增加压力的条件下,可取得较高的CO单程转化率和二甲醚回收率,且天然气的消耗量较少．     

干煤粉分级气流床的气化特性

针对根据无焰氧化技术设计的分级气流床气化炉,运用试验和数值模拟计算的方法对干煤粉在炉内的气化过程进行研究,分析不同进料方式及氧碳摩尔比对合成气中CO,H2和CO2体积分数、合成气热及碳转化率的影响.研究结果表明:实验结果与模拟结果基本吻合;相同进料方式下随着氧碳摩尔比的增大,合成气中CO和H2体积分数、合成气热先增大后减小,而CO2体积分数和碳转化率一直上升;相对于另外2种进料方式,三层喷嘴进料方式能使炉内温度场更均匀,平均温度提高,气化强度增加,由此表明气化炉结构和进料方式使炉内实现了基于无焰氧化技术煤粉空间气化反应的基本特征;同时,氧碳摩尔比最佳范围为1.0～1.1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that