具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

民间法正义观的转型

研究了国家法的抽象正义观与民间法的情理正义观,认为西方国家法的抽象正义观与东方民间法的情理正义观存在实质的不同,原因在于思维方式、超验与经验传统、政治结构的差别。在现代法治理念下,传统民间法所代表的正义观将向混合正义观转型,西方法治所代表的国家法抽象正义观是其骨架。     

北平研究院植物学研究所的二十年

北平研究院植物学研究所是民国时期著名的植物学研究机构。抗战前主要从事我国北部、西北部植物调查与分类、植物地理学研究等工作。1936年11月,在陕西武功与西北农学院合作组建中国西北植物调查所,以调查西北植物和进行应用植物学研究。抗战爆发前夕,植物学研究所将大部分人员和设备迁往陕西武功继续工作,1944年一部分人员又南迁昆明。抗战期间,除继续纯粹学理研究外,还积极从事应用植物学研究。作者以原始档案以及相关文献为基础,叙述北平研究院植物所及其与西北农学院合办之中国西北植物调查所的创办缘起和沿革,各个时期的工作概况、成就,澄清一些历史事实,并初步分析北平研究院植物所在中国近代生物学史上的贡献。     

高频机组基础振动检测分析

为了找出诱发高频机组基础不良振动的原因，从基础计算模型方面对基础激励与响应进行了分析，以两个高频机组基础为动测实例，经模态分析得出钢筋混凝土构架式基础竖向1阶振动与电机产生共振；应用功率谱法对动力机组及基础平台进行动测，得出平台异常响应频率66Hz为水泵工作频率，调整机器的工作频率可避开不良振源影响，达到明显的减振效果。由此而知，动力机器基础出现不良振动时，不可盲目改变结构的动力特性，应在机器不同工况比如：停机、起机及正常转速下，对机器及基础进行动测并对振动信号进行比较分析，以制定出行之有效的减振方法。     

两种木质纤维水解渣的热解特性分析

对木粉酸水解残渣(WAHR)和木糖渣(XR)两种木质纤维水解残渣进行了基本物性分析,采用热重分析仪和自制的管式高温裂解炉探讨了这两种水解残渣及其母料的热解特性.结果表明:两种水解残渣较其母料有更高的碳含量,且WAHR的碳含量比XR高;两种水解残渣的组成和热解特性存在较大差异;XR的气相产物和液相产物产率在整个研究温度区间均高于WAHR,并且H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4和C2H6的产率随温度变化的规律不同;两种水解残渣的液相产物种类相似,但相对含量存在差别;半焦样品的CO2气化反应活性随温度的升高而降低;原料的木质素含量越高,所得半焦样品的反应活性越低.     

试论《升官图》的狂欢化特征

运用巴赫金的狂欢化诗学理论,从结构、形象、语言形式、数字运用四方面,具体分析陈白尘喜剧作品《升官图》中呈现的狂欢化特征,这些特征体现了审美主体在特定的社会政治环境下,对中外狂欢体民间文学和文人喜剧创作的狂欢性的全面继承与创新,它们彰显出鲜明的现代性与民族性。     

改革集体土地所有权与使用权制度的构想

我国目前存在集体土地所有权主体模糊,权能虚置;集体土地使用权内容混杂,不能流转等弊端,必须对其作根本性的改革。在坚持土地社会主义公有制的基础上,借鉴国有土地使用权改革的成功经验,取消集体土地所有制,代之以单一的土地国家所有制。建立和谐统一的上地用益权体系,严格控制改变土地用途,加强土地公权管理,这是改革我国土地所有权与使用权制度的理想模式和最佳选择。     

关于农业区划地图集中的统一协调问题

图集的统一协调,对图集质量有很大影响。本文是作者在编制北京市农业区划地图集的实践基础上,根据地图信息传输论的观点,对农业区划地图集的统一协调的内容及方法进行了探讨。试图总结编制这类图集的统一协调模式,以供读者编图时参考。     

动量守恒定律和动量矩守恒定律的正确表述

现行力学教材和普通物理教材大都把动量守恒定律和动量矩守恒定律视为质点组动量定理和动量矩定理的推论，忽视了守恒星的本质意义，是不正确的．本文绘出正确表述．     

双黄连口服液和双黄连片中黄芩甙的含量测定

采用了反相高效液相色谱法测定双黄口服液和双黄连片中黄芩甙的含量.具体方法是采用C18色谱柱,以甲醇:水:冰醋酸=49.5:50:0.5为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,紫外光度检测器于波长277nm测定,实验结果表明黄芩甙浓度在0.05~0.20mg/ml时呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9988,在双黄连片中回收率为86.70%,RSD为2.27,在双黄连口服液中回收率为97.31%,RSD为2.10.采用本法测定双黄口服液和双黄连片中黄芩甙的含量,方法灵敏,快速,简便,准确,结果稳定,重现性好,能起到控制双黄连片和双黄连口服液质量的作用.     

老年人生活空间移动性影响要素研究进展

 老年人生活空间移动性是老年人在日常生活中能动生活状态的重要表征。在梳理老年人生活空间移动性相关概念、测度方法基础上,分析了物质环境要素和非物质环境要素对老年人生活空间移动性的影响;提炼出有效支持老年人生活空间移动性的中观环境规划、微观环境设计和政策文化扶助层面的策略;指出了老年人生活空间移动性的研究建议和发展方向。