具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

Joint observations of sporadic sodium and sporadic E layers at middle and low latitudes in China

Sporadic sodium layers （SSLs） were studied with sodium （Na） lidar at Beijing （40.5°N, 116.0°E） and Haikou （19.5°N, 109.1°E） in China. The altitude distribution, strength factors, and occurrence time of SSL and sporadic E （Es） layer events were statistically analyzed at both observing sites. SSL occurrence had a maximum near 22：00 local time, and Es layer occurrence had a maximum before midnight. The altitude distributions of SSL and Es layer events were better correlated at Haikou than at Beijing. All the average values of height and strength factor for SSL and Es layer events, as well as the average of the maximum frequency that can be reflected by the Es layer （fo Es）, at Beijing were higher than those at Haikou. A better correlation between SSL and Es layer events was also found at Haikou, and the formation of SSLs was considered to likely depend on the seasonal variability of chemical and dynamical processes.     

再论一类二阶拟线性微分方程边值问题的跳跃层

利用奇摄动方法 ,根据各种不同的边界值 ,构造了一类拟线性方程边值问题的渐近解 ,弥补了已有文献的不足     

累积平衡常数在无机化学中的应用

本文运用热力学知识对多重平衡的累积平衡常数的数学表达式进行了证明，并对其应用提出新的看法．     

贝壳棱柱层和珍珠层的傅里叶变化红外光谱

运用热重分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析技术,对夏夷扇贝棱柱层和珍珠层粉末样品进行温度变化性质研究.研究结果表明,贝壳棱柱层和珍珠层的主要成分均为方解石型碳酸钙,并含有少量有机质和水分,棱柱层有机质含量高于珍珠层.珍珠层和棱柱层样品分别于600℃、700℃发生碳化,所含有机物分别于700℃、800℃发生完全分解,同时热处理前后红外光谱吸收峰的峰形、峰位发生了明显变化,有机质含量的高低与CO32-不对称伸缩振动ν3的峰位负相关,而与CO32-的面内弯曲振动2ν、面外弯曲振动ν4无关.变化表明,热分解前存在生物大分子与方解石型碳酸钙的配位作用,从分子结构水平上揭示了生物矿化材料中有机质对无机晶体的配位作用.     

一种化工厂专用柱塞表面氧乙炔火焰喷焊修复强化技术

采用两步法氧乙炔火焰喷焊技术对某化工厂一种专用柱塞进行修复强化,喷焊层材料为Ni60自熔性合金粉末,并进行了工艺试验和硬度试验.结果表明:喷焊层的硬度明显提高;该修复强化工艺可满足柱塞的技术使用要求,该工艺质量高、成本低,对柱塞表面修复强化具有广泛的应用前景.     

AutoCAD图层综述

阐述了图层的作用、图层的标准、图层的设置,以便更"清晰"、"准确"、"高效"地作图。     

用叠加原理求解非均匀内热源组合球壁的层间稳态热流量和温度

建立非均匀内热源组合球壁导热的数学模型，指出它是线性微分方程组，用叠加原理直接分别求得，在第一类、第二类和第三类边界条件下的层间稳态热流量和温度。     

地表沉陷幅度与覆岩离层的关系确定

应用层状覆岩的自重应力平衡状态,应用静水压力模型, 覆岩层的垂直静力平衡条件, 设某深度岩层的理论静压力为PH,而实际的竖直压力为Ps,推导出覆岩离层的条件关系式,覆岩离层空间与地表沉陷幅度的关系式,当PH>Ps时,覆岩离层产生。证实了离层岩板只承受自重应力和水平应力状态的作用。因此,采用离层注浆这项新技术,就是要使其充填材料有效控制潜在的沉陷幅度(即离层空间),从而达到减缓地表沉陷之目的。     

既有建筑增层工程实录

本文通过对某教学楼增层工程实例的介绍,详细记录了在确定了既有建筑工程地质条件、基础条件以及进行建筑物荷载复核、地基鉴定、基础鉴定的前提下,对既有建筑增层工作做出正确评价,使既有建筑通过增层技术改造满足新的使用功能要求。同时说明既有建筑增层技术是一种对既有建筑重新利用、避免浪费、缩短建设工期的良好方法。     

基于组件技术的CRM应用系统开发

首先介绍了CRM概念三角形，然后介绍了基于上述模型，采用组件技术的CRM应用系统开发，经测试表明，该系统具有易维护、可扩展、灵活、可重用等优点。