激光晶体折射率涨落谱密度

激光晶体中折射率涨落的谱密度,能通过前向光散射实验和求解辐射传输方程去计算.本文提出一种在弱涨落情况下的分析计算方法.     

超辐射激光二能级系统的相干性和弛豫

用相干态方法研究了与辐射相互作用的超辐射激光二能级系统的弛豫,给出在光场高温和低温两种极限情况下准几率密度函数方程的解。用准经典近似方法给出含有大粒子数系统的自发辐射的研究结果,在这种近似中,准几率密度得到具有可变色散的高斯分布,其中心沿着经典轨道运动。     

光场相干态表象到坐标表象的变换函数

推导光场相干态标表象的变换函数，讨论相干态的光子涨落和光场对所有粒子数态的概念分布。     

三能级原子受激辐射的相干性质

本文在双模、单模辐射场对单个三能级原子进行激发的情况下求得了电场的一阶时间关联函数和光子数几率分布函数,研究了在不同初始条件下受激辐射的相干性质。研究结果表明,双激发将使辐射场趋近初始的相干态,并将使光子数几率呈现衰变和恢复等现象。     

量子噪声实虚部关联对饱和激光模型光强涨落的影响

文章基于实、虚部关联的量子噪声及泵噪声驱动的饱和激光模型，推导了近似福克—普郎克方程、激光强度定态概率分布函数，通过计算机进行数据计算及作图，得到了定态情况下光强概率分布函数图形，讨论了量子噪声实、虚部的互关联对光强关联函数的影响。结果表明：量子噪声实、虚部互关联会增大激光强度的涨落。     

中红外飞秒激光多光子共振激发${\bf{C}\bf{O}}_{2}^{+}$的自由感应衰变研究

对利用中红外飞秒激光激发$ {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+} $产生的前向相干辐射现象进行了系统研究。实验发现在泵浦激光与$ {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+} $的${\tilde{\rm A}}^{2}{\Pi }_{\rm u}$（${\nu }{{''}}=1$）→${\tilde{\rm X}}^{2}{\Pi }_{\rm g}$（$ \nu =0 $）态跃迁发生五光子共振情况下,$ {\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+} $发出的波长为337 nm的前向相干辐射能够被有效激发。更进一步,利用泵浦–探测方法对该辐射进行了时间分辨研究。利用探测激光导致的辐射损耗效应,发现在不同的气压条件下,337 nm相干辐射的持续时间均在0.8 ps左右,与气压没有明显关系。基于这一观测结果,提出该辐射的本质是多光子共振导致的自由感应衰变辐射。研究揭示了利用中红外飞秒激光激发二氧化碳离子产生相干辐射的本质,指出了强场激光与原子、分子体系共振相互作用过程中自由感应衰变效应的普遍性。     

通过受激电子喇曼散射过程产生的红外可调谐激光系统

我们通过铯蒸汽中6S能级到7S能级的受激电子喇曼散射过程,获得了处在2.85μm到3.18μm 红外区的可调谐相干辐射。本文介绍了自行研制的可调谐红外激光系统和可调谐相干红外辐射的一些性能。     

Raman-Nath驻波声光效应调制激光相干度的理论分析

本文对 Raman—Nath 驻波声光效应调制激光相干度进行了理论分析。给出互相干函数Г和调制因子 G 的理论公式,分析了空间相干性和时间相干性,并与 Raman—Nath 行波声光效应调制激光相干度进行了比较。     

双激光位相差对石墨层中声子增益的影响

通过修正的泛函积分方法研究两束激光对石墨层中原子位移涨落的影响.计算表明:在激光场强和频率一定的情况下,适当调节激光场的相位差,可以使原子位移涨落随时间的变化率在有限的时间范围内为正值,这对应声子增益的过程.详细讨论了产生这种声子增益效应的机理,给出了产生声子增益的时间间隔.     

激光斑纹的统计性

激光斑纹图样,是一种无规的强度涨落,它具有非常特殊的性质和显著的精细结构。在许多物理现象中起着重要作用,对于信息光学、全息术等方面都极为重要。本文着重从统计性研究这激光斑纹图样的几率密度函数,并由这几率密度函数求出斑纹图样辐照度的涨落,即辐照度标准偏差σ_I,进而求出辐照度标准偏差对平均辐照度的比值一衬比,用它来表示斑纹图样的情况。从而论述了激光斑纹图样的抑制技术和利用激光斑纹图样测定物体微小位移的散斑干涉计量技术。     

Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms.

For a system at a temperature of absolute zero, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while quantum fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a macroscopic phase transition in the ground state of a many-body system when the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a critical value. Here we observe such a quantum phase transition in a Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive interactions, held in a three-dimensional optical lattice potential. As the potential depth of the lattice is increased, a transition is observed from a superfluid to a Mott insulator phase. In the superfluid phase, each atom is spread out over the entire lattice, with long-range phase coherence. But in the insulating phase, exact numbers of atoms are localized at individual lattice sites, with no phase coherence across the lattice; this phase is characterized by a gap in the excitation spectrum. We can induce reversible changes between the two ground states of the system.     

准均匀介质散射场强度相关性的理论研究

本文理论研究准均匀随机介质散射场的强度相关性.以空间-频率域中的互相关理论为基础,在一阶玻恩近似范围内,推导了两点之问散射势相关性成高斯分布的准均匀随机介质远场散射场的强度起伏相关性,得到的解析结果表明,远场散射场空间两点之间的强度起伏相关函数与散射介质的散射势谱密度函数和相关函数有关.并可以表示为两者三维空间傅立叶变换的乘积的形式.     

Coupling strength of charge carriers to spin fluctuations in high-temperature superconductors

In conventional superconductors, the most direct evidence of the mechanism responsible for superconductivity comes from tunnelling experiments, which provide a clear picture of the underlying electron-phonon interactions. As the coherence length in conventional superconductors is large, the tunnelling process probes several atomic layers into the bulk of the material; the observed structure in the current-voltage characteristics at the phonon energies gives, through inversion of the Eliashberg equations, the electron-phonon spectral density alpha2F(omega). The situation is different for the high-temperature copper oxide superconductors, where the coherence length (particularly for c-axis tunnelling) can be very short. Because of this, methods such as optical spectroscopy and neutron scattering provide a better route for investigating the underlying mechanism, as they probe bulk properties. Accurate reflection measurements at infrared wavelengths and precise polarized neutron-scattering data are now available for a variety of the copper oxides, and here we show that the conducting carriers (probed by infrared spectroscopy) are strongly coupled to a resonance structure in the spectrum of spin fluctuations (measured by neutron scattering). The coupling strength inferred from those results is sufficient to account for the high transition temperatures of the copper oxides, highlighting a prominent role for spin fluctuations in driving superconductivity in these materials.     

DNA的动力学特性及其空间组态

在生物体中存在着大量的非线性现象.本文从B型DNA的双螺旋结构出发,建立起B-DNA的碱基对运动方程,求解了在DNA的开放系统中所激发的孤子运动,由此较为详细地分析了DNA的动力学特性及其空间组态.     

DNA的动力学特性及其空间组态

在生物体中存在着大量的非线性现象。本文从B型DNA的双螺旋结构出发,建立起B-DNA的碱基对运动方程,求解了在DNA的开放系统中所激发的孤子运动,由此较为详细地分析了DNA的动力学特性及其空间组态。     

Spectroscopy of spontaneous spin noise as a probe of spin dynamics and magnetic resonance

Not all noise in experimental measurements is unwelcome. Certain fundamental noise sources contain valuable information about the system itself-a notable example being the inherent voltage fluctuations (Johnson noise) that exist across any resistor, which allow the temperature to be determined. In magnetic systems, fundamental noise can exist in the form of random spin fluctuations. For example, statistical fluctuations of N paramagnetic spins should generate measurable noise of order N spins, even in zero magnetic field. Here we exploit this effect to perform perturbation-free magnetic resonance. We use off-resonant Faraday rotation to passively detect the magnetization noise in an equilibrium ensemble of paramagnetic alkali atoms; the random fluctuations generate spontaneous spin coherences that precess and decay with the same characteristic energy and timescales as the macroscopic magnetization of an intentionally polarized or driven ensemble. Correlation spectra of the measured spin noise reveal g-factors, nuclear spin, isotope abundance ratios, hyperfine splittings, nuclear moments and spin coherence lifetimes-without having to excite, optically pump or otherwise drive the system away from thermal equilibrium. These noise signatures scale inversely with interaction volume, suggesting a possible route towards non-perturbative, sourceless magnetic resonance of small systems.     

Coherent singlet-triplet oscillations in a silicon-based double quantum dot

Silicon is more than the dominant material in the conventional microelectronics industry: it also has potential as a host material for emerging quantum information technologies. Standard fabrication techniques already allow the isolation of single electron spins in silicon transistor-like devices. Although this is also possible in other materials, silicon-based systems have the advantage of interacting more weakly with nuclear spins. Reducing such interactions is important for the control of spin quantum bits because nuclear fluctuations limit quantum phase coherence, as seen in recent experiments in GaAs-based quantum dots. Advances in reducing nuclear decoherence effects by means of complex control still result in coherence times much shorter than those seen in experiments on large ensembles of impurity-bound electrons in bulk silicon crystals. Here we report coherent control of electron spins in two coupled quantum dots in an undoped Si/SiGe heterostructure and show that this system has a nuclei-induced dephasing time of 360 nanoseconds, which is an increase by nearly two orders of magnitude over similar measurements in GaAs-based quantum dots. The degree of phase coherence observed, combined with fast, gated electrical initialization, read-out and control, should motivate future development of silicon-based quantum information processors.     

Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless crossover in a trapped atomic gas

Any state of matter is classified according to its order, and the type of order that a physical system can possess is profoundly affected by its dimensionality. Conventional long-range order, as in a ferromagnet or a crystal, is common in three-dimensional systems at low temperature. However, in two-dimensional systems with a continuous symmetry, true long-range order is destroyed by thermal fluctuations at any finite temperature. Consequently, for the case of identical bosons, a uniform two-dimensional fluid cannot undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, in contrast to the three-dimensional case. However, the two-dimensional system can form a 'quasi-condensate' and become superfluid below a finite critical temperature. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) theory associates this phase transition with the emergence of a topological order, resulting from the pairing of vortices with opposite circulation. Above the critical temperature, proliferation of unbound vortices is expected. Here we report the observation of a BKT-type crossover in a trapped quantum degenerate gas of rubidium atoms. Using a matter wave heterodyning technique, we observe both the long-wavelength fluctuations of the quasi-condensate phase and the free vortices. At low temperatures, the gas is quasi-coherent on the length scale set by the system size. As the temperature is increased, the loss of long-range coherence coincides with the onset of proliferation of free vortices. Our results provide direct experimental evidence for the microscopic mechanism underlying the BKT theory, and raise new questions regarding coherence and superfluidity in mesoscopic systems.     

认知参照点理论下的主题结构对比研究——以《陌上桑》和《美女篇》为例

根据认知参照点理论,从《陌上桑》和《美女篇》主题结构的心智接触、连贯性和动态性三方面来探讨两诗在主题结构上的特点和差异。根据主题结构的构成成分(名词性成分加小句)的不同,可以得出,主题结构中的名词性成分具有主题连贯和主题动态发展的作用,而主题结构中的小(分)句具有心智接触作用;在小句以及语篇层面,《陌上桑》主题结构中的名词性成分丰富而赋予变化,在连贯性上发挥着重要作用。同时,这些名词性成分不断激活出的新信息推动着语篇的动态发展,其动态性尤为突出。《陌上桑》主题结构小句中被激活的丰富的认知事体和相关描述,使得认知主体在主题结构的心智接触上需要比《美女篇》付出更多的努力。     

高温超导体中超导位相涨落:Nernst效应研究

高温超导体赝隙态具有许多反常的现象,与高温超导机理之间有密切联系,一直是研究的焦点.有理论提出在赝隙态存在预超导配对.能斯特（Nernst）效应测量探测到了超导转变温度TC0以上温区一定范围内存在磁通涡旋激发,支持了赝隙态中存在有限的超导序参量振幅和强烈的位相涨落的图象,说明TC0处的相变是由Cooper对之间长程位相关联的消失所驱动的.