利用高斯分布模型研究多晶硅晶硅界电学特性

研究了多晶硅晶界的载流子输运过程和导电机制，建立了新的晶界结构模型和晶界势垒分布模型.将晶界区域及其势垒的变化视为高斯分布，利用这个模型，给出了改善的电流-电压特性方程，并用这个关系式来解释多晶硅的电学特性.数值计算表明，多硅电阻率随势垒高度的增加而基本呈线性增加.另外，电阻率ρ随掺杂浓度的增加而减小，当掺杂剂浓度约为1×1019cm-3，ρ和ρgb下降最快.且在晶粒尺寸为102nm范围内晶界的电阻率比晶粒的电阻率约大2～3个数量级.分析结果表明，晶界是高电阻区，晶界的这种精细分布描述，有助于进一步理解多晶硅的晶界特性，从而提高多晶硅太阳电池的光电转换效率.     

低温烧结多层片式ZnO压敏电阻内电极 Ag含量对电性能的影响

研究了低温烧成多层片式ZnO压敏电阻的内电极中Ag扩散进入ZnO晶格对电性能的影响．研究发现内电极中Ag含量严重影响低温烧结多层片式压敏电阻的电性能．当内电极含Ag量为70％时,具有最好的电性能;而内电极为纯Ag时,电性能最差,压敏电压和限制电压过分地升高,漏电流增大,非线性系数减小．反映晶界势垒电容的电容量随内电极中Ag含量的升高而减小．伏安特性和复数阻抗分析表明,随着内电极中Ag含量的升高,Ag扩散进入ZnO晶格加剧,降低了施主浓度Nd,导致ZnO晶粒电阻增大,以及晶界势垒高度和耗尽层宽度增加,使得多层片式ZnO压敏电阻的电性能变差．     

(Ba,Sr)TiO_3系线性PTCR陶瓷的电性能研究

通过对材料的复阻抗频谱、霍尔系数及零功率电阻 温度等电学特性的测试和分析 ,对 (Ba,Sr)TiO3系线性PTCR陶瓷进行了相关研究 .结果表明 :微量元素Sb的掺杂量对线性电阻 温度特性影响较大 ;晶粒体内的载流子浓度n大约只有 2 .83× 1 0 2 2 m-3;而晶界处的有效表面态密度ns 仅有 2 .3 5× 1 0 16 m-2 ;晶界势垒φ0 约为 0 .1 1eV ,这比常规的PTCR陶瓷的晶界势垒差不多小了一个量级 .这些很可能是决定该类材料具有较好线性电阻 温度特性的根本原因     

单晶Tm2O3薄膜的制备与F-N隧穿机制

采用分子束外延方法结合原位退火生长技术在Si(001)衬底上制备了Tm2O3薄膜,XRD测量结果表明所制备样品为单晶Tm2O3.在低温环境下,采用MOS电容结构对薄膜进行I-V测试,研究了样品的F-N隧穿特性,得出Pt/Tm2O3和Al/Tm2O3的势垒高度分别为2.95,1.8eV.从能带的角度表明Tm2O3是一种高K栅介质候选材料.     

Cl-对N80油套管钢钝化膜半导体性能的影响

利用电化学阻抗谱技术研究了N80油套管钢在0．05mol／L NaHCO3溶液中所成钝化膜的电化学性能，借助于莫特-肖特基曲线分析了成膜电位、测试频率以及Cl^-浓度对钝化膜半导体性能的影响．结果表明：钝化膜呈n型半导体特征；随着成膜电位的增加，膜的容抗和施主密度减小；随着Cl^-浓度的增加，膜的容抗和施主密度增加，膜的点蚀现象加剧．X射线光电子光谱（XPS）分析结果表明，钝化膜主要由Fe的氧化物Fe2O3和FeO组成．     

Y~(3+),Mn~(2+)掺杂BaTiO_3陶瓷晶界特性研究

PTC陶瓷的晶界特性对材料的电性能有重要影响,通过对Y,Mn掺杂钛酸钡陶瓷的电性能与晶界形态及元素分布关系的研究发现,施主掺杂量和Ca元素的掺杂量对晶粒的发育有一定影响;晶界对PTC性能有重大影响,杂乱的晶界不利于PTC效应,洁净的发育良好的窄晶界有利于PTC效应;能谱分析发现,陶瓷中不同部位的元素分布存在一定的规律.     

Ca对氧化铝晶界处氧空位扩散的活化机理

通过第一性原理方法计算了α-Al_2O_3的∑3(1010)晶界处Ca偏析对时氧空位(oxygen vacancy,VO)形成能和扩散势垒的影响。Ca偏析到晶界处的稳定位置后,Ca附近VO的形成能为3.05～4.04 eV,比没有掺杂的晶界处VO的形成能降低了2.5 eV以上;Ca附近VO扩散的活化能为2.30 eV,与没有掺杂的晶界相比,降低达1.8 eV.随着晶界处Ca浓度的升高,晶界附近的晶格发生明显膨胀,电荷平衡进一步被打破,VO的形成能降低至-1.43 eV,扩散的活化能进一步降低至1.27 eV。Ca掺杂对α-Al_2_3晶界有活化的作用,促进晶界处的VO的形成和扩散。     

ZnO压敏陶瓷中的原子缺陷和界面电子态研究

分析指出耗尽层内施主浓度Nd、界面受主态密度Ns和界面能级深度Es是影响ZnO压敏陶瓷电性能的重要参数 .Nd与体内原子缺陷有关 ,室温下主要取决于电离的浅能级本征和非本征施主Zn·i,Zn¨i和Al·Zn,Ns和Es与界面原子缺陷密度和性质有关 .本征界面缺陷V′Zn和V″Zn对界面受主态形成起基本作用 ;偏析于晶界的大离子半径的Bi和Ba以及界面上的化学吸附氧O-和O2 -对提高Ns和Es起关键作用 ;易变价过渡元素Mn ,Co和Ni对进一步提高受主态密度起重要作用 ;Sb通过生偏锑酸钡相在稳定势垒方面起较大作用 ,对提高态密度也有一定帮助 .     

施受主杂质Nb,Mn共掺BaTiO_3陶瓷的制备方法及其PTC特性

采用固相法制备施主杂质 Nb和受主杂质 Mn共掺的 Ba Ti O3 陶瓷 ,应用固体物理的无序系统理论解释了 Ba Ti O3 陶瓷的半导化机理 ,并以此为指导选择了较合适的施主 Nb的掺杂量。讨论了受主杂质 Mn的摩尔浓度与陶瓷 PTC性能的关系     

一种新的固相反应法制备高掺杂浓度的CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷

采用新的两步固相反应法,制备单相(Fe1/2Nb1/2)4+掺杂CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)陶瓷,掺杂浓度在50 mol%到60 mol%之间,观察粉末X射线衍射谱,没有发现任何杂相.探索样品的最佳烧成制度,制备出致密性高的陶瓷.分析样品的阻抗特性,发现样品存在与晶界有关的热激活电导响应,随着(Fe1/2Nb1/2)4+掺杂浓度增加,晶界的电导激活能增加.进一步探究发现,晶界的电导响应可能与直流电导过程相关.这里采用新的两步固相反应法,成功地制备出了(Fe1/2Nb1/2)4+高浓度掺杂的单相CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)样品,为今后研究(B1-xB′x)4+形式的复合离子高水平地替代CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)中的Ti4+提供了制备方法上的新思路.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-