肝细胞性肝癌P53基因多态性定点突变

对Ｐ５３阳性的８例肝细胞性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）广西科学，１９９５，２（１）：５５～５７）中的７例的Ｐ５３基因进行ＤＮＡ单键构象多态性分析（ＳＳＣＰ）和ＰＣＲ扩增物直接测序。结果，７例均在Ｐ５３第７外显子第２４９编码区的３号位发现异常。１例在２４９编码区的第３碱基微小丧失引起乱码突变；另６例在此位点同时出现突变的Ｔ和Ｃ带，成为的多态性突变形式。外显子５、６、８和９没有异常。估计除黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１外可能有别的致癌因素协同作用造成此种多态性。认为南宁地区是继中国江苏启东和莫桑比克后的第３个ＨＣＣＰ５３基因２４９编码区有集中突变热点的地区。     

脑肿瘤中p53基因突变的研究

应用ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ技术及ＤＮＡ 测序技术对３７ 例原发性脑肿瘤及相应外周血淋巴细胞中ｐ５３ 基因５ ～８ 外显子的突变情况进行了检测,结果表明,ｐ５３ 基因在原发性脑肿瘤中的突变频率为１９ ％ （７／３７） ．并且突变频率在不同病理类别脑肿瘤中的分布是非随机的,其中星形细胞肿瘤中的突变频率最高,为３６ ％ （５／１４） ．所有突变均为错义点突变,５７ ％ （４／７） 的突变位于ＣｐＧ位点．突变仅发现于脑组织中,外周血淋巴细胞中未检出突变,这些结果提示,ｐ５３ 基因突变在脑肿瘤的发生发展过程中起一定的作用,ｐ５３ 基因在散发性脑肿瘤中的突变为体细胞型的突变     

广西肝癌中HBV感染与N-ras基因突变的研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ和免疫组化法检测２９例广西南部肝癌组织中的Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因突变和ＨＢＶ感染状况，结果，肝癌中Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因在第２￣３７密码子之间的突变率为７９．３％，其中２２例有２￣５个突变位点，该基因突变也见于癌旁组织，肝组织中ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｘＡｇ检出率分别为８６．２％和７９．３％，两者具有相关性，并与Ｎ－ｒａｓ基因突变率呈相平行的趋势。因广西南部的肝癌与ＡＦＢ１污染有关，本研究     

ORL1受体在SK-N-SH细胞中的功能性表达及其跨膜信号传导

一种新型的阿片受体ＯＲＬ１（ｏｐｉｏｉｄ－ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ－ｌｉｋｅ１ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ）及最近发现的ＯＲＬ１的内源性激动剂（ｎｏｃｉｃｅｐｔｉｎ）在痛觉的调制机制中扮演着某种重要角色．通过Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交技术在人的神经母细胞ＳＫ－Ｎ－ＳＨ中检测到ＯＲＬ１受体ｍＲＮＡ的天然高量表达；ｃＡＭＰ放射免疫测定技术发现，在经ｎｏｃｉｃｅｐｔｉｎ处理的ＳＫ－Ｎ－ＳＨ细胞中，由环甘酸环化酶激活剂（Ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ）引起的细胞内ｃＡＭＰ水平的升高受到抑制，其ＩＣ５０为６０±１５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，最大抑制率为７０％．同时，用ｄｅｌｔａ阿片受体ＤＯＲ激动剂（ＤＰＤＰＥ）、Ｍｕ阿片受体ＭＯＲ激动剂（ＤＡＧＯ）分别处理ＳＫ－Ｎ－ＳＨ细胞，也产生了不同程度的抑制，但抑制率均不如ｎｏｃｉｃｅｐｔｉｎ．发现阿片受体的广谱拮抗剂（ｎａｌｏｘｏｎｅ），可使ｎｏｃｉｃｅｐｔｉｎ及ＤＰＤＰＥ的抑制作用反转；用ＤＯＲ的特异性拮抗剂（ｎａｌｔｒｉｎｄｏｌｅ）只能使ＤＰＤＰＥ的抑制反转，而不能影响ｎｏｃｉｃｅｐｔｉｎ的抑制作用．用５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ｎｏｃｉｃｅｐｔｉｎ对ＳＫ－Ｎ－ＳＨ细胞进行２０ｍｉｎ（３７℃）的预处理，可引起细胞对ｎｏｃｉｃｅｐｔｉ     

影响人软组织肉瘤异种移植成功的某些相关因素

在裸小鼠体内移植了１４例肉瘤，成功５例（２例恶性纤维组织细胞瘤，２例横纹肌肉瘤，１例恶性外周细胞血管瘤），失败９例，接种成功率为３６％。分成移植成功群（ｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｉｎｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔ，Ｓ群）和移植失败群（ｆａｉｌｅｄｔｏｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔ，Ｆ群），对１４例被移植肉瘤的临床状况、组织病理学、免疫特性、ＤＮＡ含量、增殖因子和癌基因蛋白等进行了比较研究。Ｓ群中４例ＡＪＣ分期为Ⅲ或Ⅳ期，５例都是复发病例。Ｓ群的恶性程度明显高于Ｆ群，其中４例为高度恶性肉瘤，表现为细胞密度高，核异形性大，核分裂像显著增多。结果表明与肉瘤异种移植成功有关的某些可能因素为：组织来源，恶性程度高低，间质成份多寡，Ｓ期细胞百分数等。免疫学特性对肉瘤异种移植成功无明显影响。增殖因子Ｋｉ－６７和ＰＣＮＡ在Ｓ群中的表达明显高于Ｆ群，Ｓ群标本通常呈现较强的Ｋｉ－６７和ＰＣＮＡ染色，而Ｆ群通常显示较弱的染色，表明这两者是判定肉瘤生长速率和进展的较理想的指标。癌基因蛋白Ｐ５３在Ｓ群中的阳性表达率（６０％）明显高于下群（１８％）．进一步证明Ｐ５３在肿瘤进展中的重要作用。余癌某因蛋白在两群间的表达率无显著差别。     

非小细胞肺癌CD44v6,VEGF与C—erbB—2和nm23基因蛋白 …

应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白－过氧化物酶（ＳＰ）法染色技术测定６５例非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）组织标本的ＣＤ４４ｖ６、ＶＥＧＦ、Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２和ｎｍ２３基因蛋白的表达水平。显示ＣＤ４４ｖ６、ＶＥＧＦ、Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２及ｎｍ２３在ＮＳＣＬＣ组织中表达的阳性率分别为６６．２％、７８．５％、６３．１％及７３．８％,均显著高于癌旁组织;上述四项指标阳性率与ＮＳＣＬＣ的病理类型无明显关系;区域性淋巴结转移组ＣＤ     

鼻咽癌细胞株,瘤株中EBV—LMP1基因的检测及变异性分析

采用ＰＣＲ法检测了不同代次的鼻咽癌细胞株、瘤株（ＳＵＮＥ／ＳＵＮＴ）中的ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１基因片断，并分析其变异性。结果发现直到１３１代ＳＵＮＥ、３０代ＳＵＮＴ中仍然能检测到ＬＭＰ１基因片断，且在传代过程中ＬＭＰ１基因未发生变异。但与Ｂ９５－８中的ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１基因相比，ＬＭＰ１基因发生了变异，表现为Ｘｈｏｌ、Ｍｓｐ酶切位点的消失和ＳＳＣＰ单链迁移率的不同。该结果提示变异的ＥＢＶ－ＬＭＰ１基因可能与ＳＵＮＥ／ＳＵＮＴ肿瘤的特性有一定的相关性。     

野生型p53基因重组体腺病毒介导的肿瘤抑制作用

采用同源重缚方法构建了野生型ｐ５３全长ｃＤＮＡ的重组体腺病毒，通过转导人卵巢癌细胞系ＳＫ－ＯＶ－３和黑色素瘤细胞系ＷＭ－９８３Ａ，证实腺病毒能介导ｐ５３基因进行有效转移，并能显著抑制这两种肿瘤细胞的生长和集落形成能力，生长抑制率分别这到９３％和８６％，对两种肿瘤细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤的治疗实验表明，ｐ５３能明显抑制肿瘤的生长，流式细胞计数ＤＮＡ片段化及ＴＵＮＥＬ分析证实，Ｐ５３可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和Ｇ１     

人肿瘤细胞株中细小病毒H—1的DNA扩增与非结构蛋白NS—1基因…

研究三株人癌细胞和两株对照细胞对细小病毒Ｈ－１杀伤作用第三性的分子机制，表明了感染复ｍｏｉ（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ）为５ｐｆｕ（ｐｌａｑｕｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｕｎｉｔ）／细胞的情况下，作为Ｈ－１病毒复制受纲细胞的人癌细胞株ＱＧＹ－７７０３和人胃癌细胞株ＳＧＣ－７９０１，能够支持病毒ＤＮＡ扩增和非结构蛋白ＮＳ－１基因的表达，这和作为阳性对照的由ＳＶ４０转化的新生儿肾细胞株ＮＢ－Ｋ     

鼻咽癌及其癌旁组织中rasp^21的表达

ｒａｓ基因族是人类实体肿瘤中最常见的癌基因，其编码的Ｐ２１蛋白过度表达促进细胞恶性转化，在一些肿瘤的发生发展中起作用［１］。用抗ｒａｓｐ２１单克隆抗体免疫组化双ＰＡＰ法，检测４３例鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）、４０例癌旁及１０例正常对照组的鼻咽部活体组织冰冻切片中ｒａｓｐ２１表达水平。探讨ｒａｓｐ２１在ＮＰＣ和癌旁组织中的表达及其与组织学类型、ＴＮＭ分类的关系。为诊断ＮＰＣ和癌前病变及癌变的可能性，估计预后和判断疗效提供较客观的指标。１　材料与方法　　（１）研究对象：１）临床资料：首诊ＮＰＣ４３例，男３２…     

小鼠胚胎发育中期肝细胞增殖与凋亡

探讨小鼠胚胎中期肝发育过程细胞增殖与凋亡的变化规律，相关基因P21及Ki-ras在肝发育中的表达意义，在胚胎中期的小鼠肝组织中，采用免疫组织化学及切口末端标记法，可检测到小鼠肝发育过程中的细胞增殖与凋亡相伴存在，这与肝发育变化密切相关，用原位杂交的方法检测到P21时，Ki-ras基因在胚胎肝发育中期并没有表达，说明这两个细胞周期调控基因可能在胚胎肝发育中期并不起作用，而与其他的基因有关。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染与ras,p53基因表达的相关性

为了探讨丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染与肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）的关系以及ＨＣＶ可能的致癌机理，采用免疫组织化学方法及巢式ＰＣＲ法检测了１３６例肝细胞癌等肝病组织中的ＨＣＶＮＳ３抗原、ＨＣＶＲＮＡ及Ｐ２１、Ｐ５３蛋白。结果表明，肝细胞癌及癌周肝组织中有ＨＣＶＮＳ３抗原及ＨＣＶＲＮＡ检出，支持ＨＣＶ与ＨＣＣ的关联。Ｐ２１在ＨＣＣ、肝炎后肝硬化、慢性肝炎、体质性黄疸各组中的检出率随病变的加重而逐渐增高，在ＨＣＣ的癌及癌周组织中Ｐ２１呈致密的过量表达，提示ｒａｓ癌基因的激活在ＨＣＣ的发生过程中起一定作用。Ｐ５３的阳性率较Ｐ２１低，但ｐ５３的突变似乎也是肝癌发生的协同因素之一。组织中Ｐ２１的过量表达与ＨＣＶＮＳ３抗原阳性检出呈正相关，ＨＣＶＮＳ３抗原与Ｐ２１的这种关联提示，ＨＣＶ感染作为ＨＣＣ的密切相关因素之一，可能通过激活某些癌基因或使某些抑癌基因突变而致肝细胞癌变     

High frequency of p53 intronic point mutations in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Intronic point mutations are rare and totally unknown for human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). To explore the relationship of p53 gene intronic mutation to the development of human LSCC, DNA was extracted from both tumor tissues and matched normal tissues of 55 patients with LSCC in northeast of China. Polymerase chain reaction amplification-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with silver staining and DNA direct sequencing were used to detect mutations in exons 7～8 (p53E7 and p53E8) and introns 7～8 (p53I7 and p53I8) of p53 gene. The p53E7 mutation was detected in 17 out of 55 patients, and the p53I7 mutation in 21 patients. No mutation was found at p53E8 or p53I8 site. The difference between tumor group and paired normal group on the rates of both p53E7 and p53I7 mutations was statistically significant. The rate of p53I7 mutations in tumor tissue was higher than that of normal tissue, and so was that of p53E7. Sequence analysis revealed that most p53I7 mutations were at the nucleotides in the branch point sequence or the polypyrimidine tract in the 3′-splice acceptor site of the intron 7. The high incidence of p53 gene intronic mutation in LSCC indicates that genetic changes within the noncoding region of the p53 gene may serve as an alternative mechanism of activating the pathogenesis of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mutations in the noncoding region of this gene should be further studied.     

p53抗体与恶性肿瘤

p53基因是人类肿瘤中突变频率最高的抑癌基因,几乎发生于所有的恶性肿瘤.突变基因编码的p53蛋白释放入血,可诱发机体自身免疫应答,产生p53自身抗体.在肿瘤病人和高危人群中检测血清p53抗体可以反映早期p53基因突变,作为一种新的肿瘤生物学指标,p53抗体有望在恶性肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗、预后、监测、复发等方面发挥重要作用.     

用计算机对人类TSPYl基因P53结合位点的鉴定

根据p53下游基因在其调节区域（启动子或内含子）含有与P53蛋白特异性结合的一致性序列5’-RRRCWWGYYYN（0-13）RRRCWWGYYY-3’，R—G或A，W—T或A，Y—C或T，N—A，C，T，G。用计算机对人类基因组中P53结合位点进行了研究，发现Y染色体上的TSPY1基因内含子中含有这样的一致性序列5’-GGGCTAGTTTtgGAGCTAGCCT-3’，意味着TSPY1基因有可能是一个p53下游基因。     

Biological properties of human c-Ha-ras1 genes mutated at codon 12

Vertebrate genomes contain proto-oncogenes whose enhanced expression or alteration by mutation seems to be involved in the development of naturally occurring tumours. These activated genes, usually assayed by their ability to induce the malignant transformation of NIH 3T3 cells, are frequently related to the ras oncogene of Harvey (Ha-ras) or Kirsten (Ki-ras) murine sarcoma viruses, or a third member of this family (N-ras). Activation involves point mutation which often affect codon 12 (refs 16-26) of the encoded 21,000-molecular weight polypeptide (p21). To provide insight into structural requirements involved in p21 activation, we have now constructed 20 mutant c-Ha-ras1 genes by in vitro mutagenesis, each encoding a different amino acid at codon 12. Analysis of rat fibroblasts transfected with these altered genes demonstrates that all amino acids except glycine (which is encoded by normal cellular ras genes) and proline at position 12 activate p21, suggesting a requirement for an alpha-helical structure in this region of the polypeptide. The morphological phenotype of cells transformed by the activated genes can, however, depend on the particular amino acid at this position.     

突变型P53和肿瘤易感基因101在肺癌组织中的表达及意义

探讨了P53基因突变对肺癌组织中TSG101基因的影响,结果是:TSG101在正常组织中呈强阳性表达100%(30/30),在高分化肺癌(包括肺鳞癌和肺腺癌)组织、低分化肺癌组织、淋巴结转移组织的表达分别为77.97%(92/118)、25.37%(17/67)、18.95%(18/95);P53的表达则相反,在正常组织、高分化肺癌组织、低分化肺癌组织、淋巴结转移组织的表达分别为6.67%(2/30)、67.80%(80/118)、86.57%(58/67)、94.63%(90/95);P53基因PCR-SSCP分析谱检测P53第5~8外显子阴性56例占30.27%,阳性129例占69.73%,总突变率为69.73%(127/180);P53与TSG101呈现负相关.这些结果提示P53和TSG101可能共同参与了肺癌的发生、发展和转移.     

Cellular immortalization by a cDNA clone encoding the transformation-associated phosphoprotein p53

Malignant transformation of primary cells requires at least two distinct and characteristic alterations in cellular behaviour. The first, cellular immortality, can be induced by chemical carcinogens or by cloned oncogenes such as polyoma large T (ref. 4), adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) or the oncogene from avian (MC29) myelocytomatosis virus, v-myc. Cells whose in vitro life-span has been extended by these procedures can be fully transformed by transfection with oncogenes belonging to a different complementation group, including genes of the ras family, adenovirus E1b and polyoma virus middle T (refs 4, 5). The unstable cellular phosphoprotein p53 is frequently present at elevated levels in transformed cells and is stabilized by the formation of complexes with simian virus 40 (SV40) large T or adenovirus E1b 57K protein. Although several reports have associated p53 with cell proliferation, its role remains obscure. We have cloned complementary DNA sequences encoding murine p53 and report here that transfection of p53 expression constructs into cells of finite lifespan in vitro results in cellular immortality and susceptibility to transformation by a ras oncogene.     

Monoclonal antibodies define differential ras gene expression in malignant and benign colonic diseases

DNAS of some human tumours can transform NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells, thus demonstrating the transforming potential of human ras genes (Hu-rasHa, Hu-rasKi, and Hu-rasN, respectively Harvey, Kirsten and neuroblastoma ras genes). Only a small percentage of a given type of human carcinoma, however, scores positive in this assay system. Activation of ras and subsequent transformation of NIH 3T3 cells are either by a point mutation in the ras gene or enhanced expression of the normal, or proto-onc, ras gene. If the transformation of a given human tumour involves the enhanced expression of the normal or cellular ras gene and the resulting gene product, the tumour DNA would probably score negative in the NIH 3T3 transfection assay. In human colon carcinoma, for example, lesions at position 12 of Hu-rasKi have been found. None of nine colon carcinomas obtained at biopsy, however, contain the ras lesion at this position, using a Hu-rasHa probe; one other colon carcinoma does appear to contain amplified proto-onc ras, and other colon carcinomas do have increased levels of ras RNA. There are at least three explanations for these observations. Either very few colon carcinomas contain point-mutated ras, the lesion in the majority of colon carcinomas is at a position other than 12 or ras activation in many colon carcinomas involves the enhanced expression of either the point-mutated or proto-onc form of a ras gene. We have now used monoclonal antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide reflecting sequences of the human T24 ras gene product to define ras p21 protein expression in a spectrum of colonic disease states. Immunohistochemical analyses of individual cells within tissue sections reveal differences in ras p21 expression in colon carcinomas compared with normal colonic epithelium, benign colon tumours and inflammatory or dysplastic colon lesions. Our data suggest that ras p21 expression is correlated with depth of carcinoma within the bowel wall, and is probably a relatively late event in colon carcinogenesis.     

慢性粒细胞性白血病不同病期bcr-abl基因 P53基因突变研究

探讨 bcr- abl融合基因、P53 基因对 CML不同病期演变的作用 .采取 CML2 6例不同分期共30份标本 ,应用逆转录—聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)技术检测 bcr- abl融合基因 ,应用多聚酶变 .结果显示 2 4例 CML慢性期中 2 2例 bcr- abl基因 ( ) ,6例急变期中 5例 bcr- abl基因 ( ) ;CML慢性期未发现 P53 基因突变 (0 / 2 4 ) ,急变期发现 2例突变 (2 / 6 ) .2例 P53 基因突变中 ,1例 bcr- abl基因( ) ,1例 bcr- abl基因 (- ) .由此可得 P53 基因突变在 CML慢性期少见 ;P53 基因突变对部分 CML急变有一定作用