水泥混凝土路面板底脱空注浆试验

为提高板底脱空注浆的效果并优化施工工艺,研究了板底脱空注浆加固的机理,进行了2孔、3孔、4孔、5孔注浆的注浆压力现场试验及单次注浆和不同间歇时间下的二次注浆的对比试验.在试验结果的基础上,对不同注浆布孔方案下注浆压力及间歇时间对第二次注浆的压力的影响规律进行了分析.研究结果表明,随着布孔数量的增多,平均注浆压力将减小;对跑浆严重的板块应采取二次注浆,两次注浆时间间隔以6h为宜;对连续注浆板采用2孔注浆,单块裂缝板采用3孔注浆,单块注浆板采用4孔注浆来代替5孔注浆方案.     

Iron meteorite evidence for early formation and catastrophic disruption of protoplanets

In our Solar System, the planets formed by collisional growth from smaller bodies. Planetesimals collided to form Moon-to-Mars-sized protoplanets in the inner Solar System in 0.1-1 Myr, and these collided more energetically to form planets. Insights into the timing and nature of collisions during planetary accretion can be gained from meteorite studies. In particular, iron meteorites offer the best constraints on early stages of planetary accretion because most are remnants of the oldest bodies, which accreted and melted in <1.5 Myr, forming silicate mantles and iron-nickel metallic cores. Cooling rates for various groups of iron meteorites suggest that if the irons cooled isothermally in the cores of differentiated bodies, as conventionally assumed, these bodies were 5-200 km in diameter. This picture is incompatible, however, with the diverse cooling rates observed within certain groups, most notably the IVA group, but the large uncertainties associated with the measurements do not preclude it. Here we report cooling rates for group IVA iron meteorites that range from 100 to 6,000 K Myr(-1), increasing with decreasing bulk Ni. Improvements in the cooling rate model, smaller error bars, and new data from an independent cooling rate indicator show that the conventional interpretation is no longer viable. Our results require that the IVA meteorites cooled in a 300-km-diameter metallic body that lacked an insulating mantle. This body probably formed approximately 4,500 Myr ago in a 'hit-and-run' collision between Moon-to-Mars-sized protoplanets. This demonstrates that protoplanets of approximately 10(3) km size accreted within the first 1.5 Myr, as proposed by theory, and that fragments of these bodies survived as asteroids.     

基于弯沉比的水泥混凝土路面板底脱空识别方法

通过分析脱空产生和形成的机理以及板底脱空图式来确定脱空识别的研究方向．采用弹性地基板模型分析了落锤式弯沉仪（FWD）荷载作用下水泥混凝土路面的弯沉规律。回归得到了板角脱空范围与地基类型、地基刚度半径、路面板角弯沉比（FWD荷载作用于板角和板中时弯沉之比）之间的近似关系式,建立了通过比较实测弯沉比与理论弯沉比的水泥混凝土路面板底脱空的识别方法．工程实践表明,采用方法判别水泥混凝土路面板角脱空状况是可行的．     

Low electrical resistivity associated with plunging of the Nazca flat slab beneath Argentina

Beneath much of the Andes, oceanic lithosphere descends eastward into the mantle at an angle of about 30 degrees (ref. 1). A partially molten region is thought to form in a wedge between this descending slab and the overlying continental lithosphere as volatiles given off by the slab lower the melting temperature of mantle material. This wedge is the ultimate source for magma erupted at the active volcanoes that characterize the Andean margin. But between 28 degrees and 33 degrees S the subducted Nazca plate appears to be anomalously buoyant, as it levels out at about 100 km depth and extends nearly horizontally under the continent. Above this 'flat slab', volcanic activity in the main Andean Cordillera terminated about 9 million years ago as the flattening slab presumably squeezed out the mantle wedge. But it is unknown where slab volatiles go once this happens, and why the flat slab finally rolls over to descend steeply into the mantle 600 km further eastward. Here we present results from a magnetotelluric profile in central Argentina, from which we infer enhanced electrical conductivity along the eastern side of the plunging slab, indicative of the presence of partial melt. This conductivity structure may imply that partial melting occurs to at least 250 km and perhaps to more than 400 km depth, or that melt is supplied from the 410 km discontinuity, consistent with the transition-zone 'water-filter' model of Bercovici and Karato.     

The subducted slab of Yangtze continental block beneath the Tethyan orogen in western Yunnan

The western Yunnan area is a natural laboratory with fully developed and best preserved Tethyan orogen in the world. Seismic tomography reveals a slab-like high velocity anomaly down to 250 km beneath the western Yunnan Tethyan orogen, to its west there is a low-velocity column about 300 km wide. In the region from Lancangjiang to Mojiang an obvious low velocity in the lower crust and uppermost mantle overlies on the slab. Synthesizing the available geological and geochemical results, the present paper demonstrates that this slab-like high velocity anomaly is a part of the subducted plate of Yangtze continental segment after the closure of Paleotethys. The collision of India and Eurasia continent starting from 50–60 MaBP might trigger thermal disturbance in the upper mantle and cause the uprising of asthenosphere, in that case the subducted Yangtze plate could be broken off, causing Cenozoic magmatic activities and underplating in the Lancangjiang-Mojiang region.     

Seismic evidence for convection-driven motion of the North American plate

Since the discovery of plate tectonics, the relative importance of driving forces of plate motion has been debated. Resolution of this issue has been hindered by uncertainties in estimates of basal traction, which controls the coupling between lithospheric plates and underlying mantle convection. Hotspot tracks preserve records of past plate motion and provide markers with which the relative motion between a plate's surface and underlying mantle regions may be examined. Here we show that the 115-140-Myr surface expression of the Great Meteor hotspot track in eastern North America is misaligned with respect to its location at 200 km depth, as inferred from plate-reconstruction models and seismic tomographic studies. The misalignment increases with age and is consistent with westward displacement of the base of the plate relative to its surface, at an average rate of 3.8 +/- 1.8 mm yr(-1). Here age-constrained 'piercing points' have enabled direct estimation of relative motion between the surface and underside of a plate. The relative displacement of the base is approximately parallel to seismic fast axes and calculated mantle flow, suggesting that asthenospheric flow may be deforming the lithospheric keel and exerting a driving force on this part of the North American plate.     

CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap

The martian polar caps are among the most dynamic regions on Mars, growing substantially in winter as a significant fraction of the atmosphere freezes out in the form of CO2 ice. Unusual dark spots, fans and blotches form as the south-polar seasonal CO2 ice cap retreats during spring and summer. Small radial channel networks are often associated with the location of spots once the ice disappears. The spots have been proposed to be simply bare, defrosted ground; the formation of the channels has remained uncertain. Here we report infrared and visible observations that show that the spots and fans remain at CO2 ice temperatures well into summer, and must be granular materials that have been brought up to the surface of the ice, requiring a complex suite of processes to get them there. We propose that the seasonal ice cap forms an impermeable, translucent slab of CO2 ice that sublimates from the base, building up high-pressure gas beneath the slab. This gas levitates the ice, which eventually ruptures, producing high-velocity CO2 vents that erupt sand-sized grains in jets to form the spots and erode the channels. These processes are unlike any observed on Earth.     

大震铁路桥涵震害损失评估方法

调查统计并分析了唐山地震和汶川地震中铁路桥梁的震害情况,提出了适用于震后铁路桥梁震害的应急评估方法;基于铁路桥梁的地震易损性评价,选取了典型的震害影响因素;采用最小二乘法,建立了用于计算混凝土铁路梁式桥震害指数的统计回归模型;提出了评价地震破坏等级的经验公式、经验系数及评判指数,并对铁路桥梁的震害损失比进行了专门研究;结合工程实例,给出了震后铁路桥梁震害损失评价的过程和步骤.     

热轧立轧小柔度板坯允许轧制压力的研究和应用

为解决板坯调宽立轧过程中常出现弯曲失稳问题,寻求实现稳定轧制的立轧允许轧制压力值,对热轧立轧小柔度板坯稳定轧制的允许轧制压力进行了研究,推导并建立了立轧小柔度板坯允许轧制压力的计算公式. 实验和应用结果表明,对于处在小柔度范围内(10相似文献   

Seismic evidence of negligible water carried below 400-km depth in subducting lithosphere

Strong evidence exists that water is carried from the surface into the upper mantle by hydrous minerals in the uppermost 10-12?km of subducting lithosphere, and more water may be added as the lithosphere bends and goes downwards. Significant amounts of that water are released as the lithosphere heats up, triggering earthquakes and fluxing arc volcanism. In addition, there is experimental evidence for high solubility of water in olivine, the most abundant mineral in the upper mantle, for even higher solubility in olivine's high-pressure polymorphs, wadsleyite and ringwoodite, and for the existence of dense hydrous magnesium silicates that potentially could carry water well into the lower mantle (deeper than 1,000?km). Here we compare experimental and seismic evidence to test whether patterns of seismicity and the stabilities of these potentially relevant hydrous phases are consistent with a wet lithosphere. We show that there is nearly a one-to-one correlation between dehydration of minerals and seismicity at depths less than about 250?km, and conclude that the dehydration of minerals is the trigger of instability that leads to seismicity. At greater depths, however, we find no correlation between occurrences of earthquakes and depths where breakdown of hydrous phases is expected. Lastly, we note that there is compelling evidence for the existence of metastable olivine (which, if present, can explain the distribution of deep-focus earthquakes) west of and within the subducting Tonga slab and also in three other subduction zones, despite metastable olivine being incompatible with even extremely small amounts of water (of the order of 100?p.p.m. by weight). We conclude that subducting slabs are essentially dry at depths below 400?km and thus do not provide a pathway for significant amounts of water to enter the mantle transition zone or the lower mantle.     

自补偿式水泥路面板底脱空处治技术

针对目前脱空处治技术和压浆材料在实际应用中的不足,为了提高脱空处治的效果,在系统分析国内部分道路浆体材料配合比的基础上,引入补偿收缩原理改良了水泥类和有机类压浆材料,针对轻度、中度、重度脱空路面提出了合适的自补偿式压浆材料,并推荐了配合比,给出了基于灌浆饱和度和弯沉的压浆效果评价标准,并通过试验路验证了压浆效果。结果表明:推荐的压浆材料处治效果良好,为压浆后的水泥路面或沥青加铺层提供了良好的承载能力,从而有效提高和延长了路面使用性能和寿命。     

地下结构地震动力响应中地震波的分析研究

地下结构地震动力响应分析首先需要对地震波进行合理的分析,其主要包括地震波的选择、波的频谱分析、滤波和基线校正4个方面,这是正确进行地下结构地震动力分析的非常关键的环节.以课题研究中地震局提供的地震波为例,从多个方面分别对地震波进行分析和研究,从而获得满足地下结构地震动力分析要求的地震波.     

板坯连铸二次冷却控制模型

以某钢厂连铸生产中的二冷水控制模型为研究重点.在分析工况和合理假设的基础上,按照传热学理论导出板坯传热微分方程,用数值计算方法求解微分方程,经回归处理后,得出不同工况下的配水控制模型.仿真实验与生产试验证明了模型是有效的,试验验证的16Mn钢控制模型参数可用于指导生产.     

中薄板坯连铸保护渣研究

系统地研究了中薄板坯连铸保护渣的化学成分与理化性能,熔化温度、熔化速度和粘度的关系,探讨了保护渣中的Al2O3、F-、碳质量分数及碱度的大小对保护渣理化性能的影响,得到了优化的保护渣成分,为开发满足现场工艺要求的中薄板坯连铸保护渣提供理论依据和指导。     

混凝土箱梁悬臂板计算方法

针对目前混凝土箱梁悬臂板计算的不合理性,以有限元为基础,结合诸多算法,应用子模型技术分析了箱梁畸变、悬臂板长度及坡度、荷载作用位置等参数对混凝土箱梁悬臂板有效分布宽度的影响规律。在此基础上,依据最小二乘法原理,利用Matlab分布拟合得到混凝土箱梁跨中悬臂板有效分布宽度的实用计算公式。结果表明:畸变大,有效分布宽度增大;悬臂板长度和坡度与有效分布宽度变化趋势相同,呈曲线关系;荷载作用点靠近悬臂板根部,有效分布宽度变小。相对于其他算法,有效分布宽度实用计算公式所得结果接近试验数据。     

泄洪闸抗震分析

从一个具体水闸的抗震分析出发 ,讨论了水闸抗震的一些问题。在实际设计工作中 ,水闸通常按一维结构——悬臂梁进行分析 ,文章则对水闸进行了详尽的二维计算。从分析结果可以看出 ,二维计算才能真实地反映出水闸单墩的模态特性 ,并且水闸扭振的影响是不可忽略的。文章还对这个典型的水闸 ,给出了各种振型图及响应结果 ,可供有关设计部门参考。     

碳酸盐岩储层地震信息响应及横向预测

利用3D地震数据体,联合使用了多种方法和技术,提取和分析了反映百色盆地上法地区不整合面断块型古潜山碳酸盐岩储层的地震最大振幅参数、构造应力场的裂缝信息参数、地震波阻抗参数、地震信息的方差参数和吸收系数参数等,并且将这些信息参数与已知先验井进行了对比分析,结果表明,构造应力场的裂缝信息参数能较好地检测出这种储层的特征,其次是波阻抗参数和地震最大振幅参数,吸收系数参数和方差参数相对较差,以此为依据,成功地预测出了碳酸盐岩储层的有效横向展布.     

针对固定重量板坯的板坯设计优化算法

针对板坯重量被事先确定的情况,提出了客户订单重量需求规格和宽度需求规格为区间值的板坯设计问题,建立了最小化板坯数量和总盈余量的多目标板坯设计模型. 基于构建的订单-板坯矩阵和板坯相容集合,提出了一种两阶段的板坯设计最优算法,算法的第一阶段实现板坯数量最小化,第二阶段实现总盈余量的最小化. 针对提出的算法,给出了最优性质的理论证明以及基于实际数据的应用算例.     

平面交叉口水泥混凝土路面板块划分方法

针对平面交叉口水泥混凝土路面接缝设计复杂和没有成熟的板块划分方法的问题,提出了平面交叉口水泥混凝土路面板块划分的四种基本方法:逼近法、圆心法、残余法和修补法。并以环道外缘石为直线圆角形的四路环形交叉口为例,介绍了板块划分四种基本方法的具体应用。实践表明,平面交叉口水泥混凝土路面的板块划分通过以上三种或四种基本方法的有机结合就可以实现板块划分的自动化,大大提高平面交叉口CAD系统的适应性和设计效率。     

现浇连续空心板梁施工技术

通过漳龙高速公路龙文互通立交桥现浇预应力砼连续空心板梁的施工实践，对施工工艺进行了详细的总结，重点介绍了支架和模板的设计及砼浇注，以及预应力张拉工艺，最后强调了安全质量措施。