β-环糊精/聚(L-天冬氨酸)共聚物的制备及载药性能研究

通过乙二胺β-环糊精与聚丁二酰亚胺开环聚合,制备出了新型两亲性共聚物,即β-环糊精/聚(L-天冬氨酸),并用IR和1 H NMR对其结构进行了表征.利用直接水溶法制备了聚合物胶束,通过激光粒度仪对胶束粒径大小进行了测定.利用芘为荧光探针,对其临界胶束浓度进行了测定.以甲氨蝶呤为模型药物,制备了聚合物载药胶束,并且测定了载药量和在缓冲溶液中的对甲氨蝶呤的控制释放能力.结果显示,聚合物胶束的有效粒径为76nm,其临界胶束浓度为3.184×10-3 g/L.该聚合物胶束对甲氨蝶呤的载药量为18.38%,且在缓冲溶液中有良好的缓释效果.     

响应面法优化龙胆苦苷脂质体的复乳法制备工艺

采用复乳法制备脂质体,使用3因素3水平的Box-Behnken响应面设计,以脂质体的包封率、载药量和综合评价为响应值,考察龙胆苦苷药液质量浓度、第一次乳化超声时间及膜材中磷脂与胆固醇的质量比对响应值的影响,并用Design-Expert 7.1.3软件（试用版）进行数据拟合、数学建模和预测分析。优化出的龙胆苦苷脂质体的最佳处方为龙胆苦苷药液质量浓度为2.04 mg/mL、第一次乳化超声时间为7.07 min、脂质体膜材中胆固醇与磷脂质量比为0.45。研究结果表明,在最优处方下龙胆苦苷脂质体形态完整、状态稳定,平均粒径为131 nm,其包封率为52.39%,与预测值的偏差率小于1%。     

洛伐他汀聚乳酸缓释微球的制备及其体外释药

采用油/水型乳化溶剂挥发法制备了洛伐他汀聚乳酸缓释微球,通过正交试验筛选最优制备工艺;考察了微球的粒径,形态,及载药量、包封率等特征,采用透析法进行微球体外释药研究。结果表明由最佳工艺制备的洛伐他汀聚乳酸微球形态圆整,粒径分布较为均匀。分子量5万聚乳酸制备的微球,载药量32.28%,包封率81.81%,平均粒径65.8μm ;分子量3万聚乳酸制备的微球,载药量27.66%,包封率60.84%,平均粒径63.3μm。二者在10d内体外累积释放率分别为34.81%和40.96%,释药动力学符合Higuchi方程。     

姜黄素PLGA-PEG-PLGA胶束的制备及理化性质研究

本文以膜透析法制备载药胶束,研究了载体材料用量、药物投入量、透析时间、溶剂等对胶束的载药量、包封率及粒径的影响。对所制得胶束的理化性质如粒径分布、微观形态及体外释放进行了研究。采用UV法研究姜黄素溶液对照和姜黄素载药胶束的体外释放,对其释放曲线进行拟合。结果显示采用膜透析法制备的PLGA PEG PLGA载药胶束,平均粒径26.29 nm,包封率(70.03±0.34)%,载药量(6.4±0.02)%。姜黄素对照溶液和姜黄素胶束体外释放分别符合双指数双相动力学模型。     

磷脂胆碱聚乳酸自组装胶束的结构与性能

用与天然磷脂结构和相对分子质量类似的磷脂月E{碱聚乳酸(Phosphorylcholine-containing poly(L-lactide),PLLA.pc)$sJ备自纽装胶束,采朋透射电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察.研究结果表明:胶束为外壳亲水内核疏水的实心球:表面张力法测得临界胶束质量浓度(Critical micelle concentration,CMC)~23 mg/L,显著低于天然磷脂胆碱质鼍浓度;当氯化钠质量分数低于0.9%时,CMC无明显变化,表明胶柬在生理盐水中较稳定:胶束被稀释时,动态光散射测得胶束粒径和粒径分布均逐渐变小,表明体系是动态体系;在37℃恒温条件下放置15 h,胶束数量、粒径和分布均变小,表明胶束可随时间降解;PLLA-PC胶束生物相容性好,可降解,可望成为新型的控释药物载体.     

双嘧达莫嵌段共聚物胶束的制备及体外药物释放

以聚癸二酸酐-聚乙二醇-聚癸二酸酐为载体材料,采用沉淀/溶剂挥发法制备双嘧达莫载药胶束,DLS法测定胶束的粒径,紫外分光光度法测定胶束的载药量、包封率和药物的释放度.结果发现载药胶束的粒径大于空白胶束的粒径;随着共聚物中疏水链段比例的增加,胶束的载药量和包封率都上升,而且药物释放时间延长;调节嵌段共聚物的链段组成,可以调节药物的释放动力学过程.     

聚乳酸-聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物包载紫杉醇纳米胶束的制备及其体外药物释放行为

以聚乙二醇和丙交酯为原料,合成了一系列分子量的聚乳酸聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物.分别采用直接溶解法和溶剂挥发/薄膜水化法制备了包载抗癌药物紫杉醇的纳米胶束.用DLS和SEM观测纳米胶束的形态,采用HPLC研究载药胶束的载药量、包封率,在体外磷酸缓冲盐(pH 7.4),37℃模拟条件下研究载药胶束的体外释放行为,MTT法研究了空白胶束的细胞毒性以及载药胶束对C6细胞的体外抑制.结果表明使用直接溶解法得到粒径为200nm的球形胶束,使用溶剂挥发/薄膜水化法得到粒径分别为50nm和150nm的纳米胶束;溶剂挥发/薄膜水化法的载药量和包封率高于直接溶解法,缓释曲线均符合Ritger-Peppas指数模型;材料和制备方法均未引入细胞毒性,采用直接溶解法制备的载药胶束与游离紫杉醇对脑胶质瘤细胞C6的抑制效果相当.     

羟基喜树碱半乳糖化十六酰壳聚糖胶束的制备及表征

制备羟基喜树碱半乳糖化十六酰壳聚糖胶束(HCPT-GHCM),并考察其包封情况.方法:以半乳糖化十六酰壳聚糖(GHC)为载体材料,采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备羟基喜树碱聚合物胶束,应用正交试验考察药物/载体比例、油/水相体积比、超声时间对载药聚合物胶束包封率的影响并进行优化.结果:超声时间对胶束的包封率影响最大,其次依次为药物/载体比例和油/水相体积比.最佳条件为:药物/载体比例0.2:1,油/水相体积比1:7,超声时间40min.制备的载药胶束拉径为250nm～300nm,zeta电位约为10mV,包封率为75.96%.结论:所制备的HCPT-GHCM包封率较高,粒径分布均匀,对羟基喜树碱有增溶效果.     

不同药载比的紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒的制备及释药性能研究

紫杉醇作为治疗癌症的有效药物具有很强的抗癌效果和广谱治疗范围.紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒可提高其溶解度和生物利用率.本文采用注入法制备不同药载比(紫杉醇/牛血清白蛋白)的紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒,考察了其粒径及释药性能.以药载比为9∶1制备的纳米粒的粒径最小,颗粒最均匀并且其释放速率最慢,有较好的缓释效果.考察药载比为9∶1制备的纳米粒的稳定性及载药量.放置一周后其粒径没有太大变化判断其稳定,计算载药量为11.45%.     

依托泊苷纳米混合胶束的制备及其理化性质

为提高依托泊苷制剂的水溶性和稳定性,采用星点设计-效应面法优化依托泊苷纳米混合胶束(ETP mPEG-PLA/P123)的处方工艺.在单因素试验基础上,以投药量、mPEG-PLA所占质量比和水化体积为自变量,以依托泊苷包封率、载药量以及粒径为因变量,进行3因素5水平的星点设计-效应面法实验,采用荧光探针法测定临界胶束浓...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that