微观车辆仿真模型分类对比研究

车辆跟驰模型是微观交通流仿真的一个基本模型，它是构成许多重要研究领域的基石．把车辆跟驰模型分为基于交通工程的跟驰模型和基于交通心理学的跟驰模型以及基于二结合观点的跟驰模型．从交通工程、交通心理学及二相结合的角度对几个常见的车辆跟驰模型进行了比较研究，介绍了各车辆跟驰模型的建模原理以及它们各自的特点，重点阐述了它们在微观交通模拟中的应用．     

微观交通流仿真跟车行为ANN模型研究

微观交通流研究中的车辆跟驰模型是交通仿真的一个基本模型,由于实际道路上驾驶员信息的获取困难,建立的车辆跟驰模型难以标定或验证.应用人工神经网络和五轮仪试验系统获取的城市道路车辆跟驰数据,建立了车辆跟驰行为的神经网络模拟模型.     

ITS中基于模糊积分信息融合理论的仿真算法研究

交通仿真是ITS的重要实验研究手段。传统的微观交通仿真模型,特别是反映交通决策行为的车辆跟驰模型,未能综合考虑交通环境中多源信息的有效融合。利用模糊积分理论确定驾驶员信息融合后对车辆应采取的反应行为。通过模型验证表明:在车辆跟驰模型实施之前,利用模糊积分算法模型化驾驶员在多源信息融合条件下的反应过程是行之有效的。     

一种改进的微观跟驰模型

根据交叉口区域内车辆行为的特殊性，在交通仿真中采用跟驰理论对交通流进行研究．针对目前纯微观跟车模型没有考虑驾驶员反应时间的情形，提出了一种改进的微观跟驰模型．该模型根据车辆行驶特点对道路进行区域划分，能结合交叉口区域的特点，确定车辆最小和最大安全距离的界限值，并充分考虑了驾驶员反应时间造成的延迟对于车辆行驶速度和加速度的影响．通过仿真实验，进一步证实了模型的有效性．     

基于安全间距的车辆跟驰模型研究综述

以计算机技术和车辆跟驰模型为基础的微观交通流仿真是进行各种管控措施模拟实验和进行ITS(智能运输系统)开发研究的重要手段。仿真软件对过程的封装使用户无法全面理解其仿真模型和介入仿真过程,容易对仿真结果提出质疑。为此,对目前多数微观仿真系统使用的基于安全间距的车辆跟驰模型进行综述,介绍其构建思想和算法内核,并对算法的优缺点进行总结。     

考虑双前导车的跟驰与换道联合模型

针对现有跟驰与换道模型没有同时考虑驾驶者决策过程中前瞻性的问题,在全速差跟驰模型及概率式换道模型的基础上,提出了一种考虑双前导车的跟驰与换道联合模型,并给出了模型参数的辨识方法.应用美国NGSIM开源交通流数据库中美国I80高速公路Emeryville路段的车辆行驶轨迹数据,分别采用轨迹标定法和极大似然法对所提模型中的跟驰模型和换道模型进行了参数标定,并参照NGSIM数据库中的交通环境设计了数值仿真实验.仿真实验结果显示,交通流平均速度、车速离散度与实测数据的误差均在5.0%左右,换道次数和换道率的误差均小于20%.所提出的模型能够准确描述多车道高速公路交通流的微观特性,适合用于模拟实际多车道高速公路交通流的动态特征.     

多车道下的车辆行为模型研究

针对我国混合交通的特点,提出一个新的车辆行为模型,模型由跟驰模型、邻车影响模型和换道模型共同组成.在新模型中将车辆的跟驰状态划分为一般跟驰和自由行驶,充分考虑了驾驶员的反应延迟.同时,鉴于多车道间车辆的相互干扰,还建立了邻车影响模型,探讨同向及对向的相邻车辆对驾驶行为的影响.运用面向对象开发环境VC 6.0对模型进行软件实现,将仿真计算结果与已有的实测数据进行对比,取得了较满意的结果,证明所建模型符合实际情况.     

驾驶员视角和后视效应对交通流稳定性的影响分析

交通流跟驰模型是微观交通流仿真和交通安全评估的重要工具,在城市交通规划、交通运行宏观调控等方面广泛运用.传统交通流跟驰模型主要考虑车辆参数,对于驾驶员因素不够重视,本文将驾驶员视角引入全速度差(FVD)模型,研究基于FVD模型的扩展模型,结合驾驶员后视效应,利用线性稳定性分析扩展模型的交通流稳定性特点.通过将驾驶员视角用驾驶车辆体型参数进行数据量化,分析车辆体型参数对交通流稳定性的影响.仿真实验表明:本文研究的扩展模型在车距较小的情况下交通流稳定性要优于FVD模型;驾驶员对视角变化的敏感系数越高,整个交通流越稳定;驾驶员后视概率越高,交通流越稳定;对于大型车辆,车流高峰时期为其开辟专用车道能够提高该阶段交通流稳定性.     

SUMO平台下多种车辆跟驰模型的仿真对比分析

车载网是一种以车辆为通信节点的无线自组织网络,旨在实现车与车、车与基础设施之间的数据通信.车辆的高速移动性易引起网络拓扑结构的变化,进而降低数据包的传递率和路由协议的工作效率,甚至导致信道中断.目前,对于车载网通信协议和应用的研究主要借助仿真平台模拟实现,平台内嵌的车辆移动模型性能对协议的分析和研究至关重要.首先,对Simulation of Urban Mobility(SUMO)平台下常用的6种车辆跟驰模型进行了详细的描述;其次,分析并引入影响移动模型性能最明显的3种因素;最终,依托城市道路交通环境,通过设置不同的模拟场景对比分析了在不同跟驰模型作用下的车辆密度、车辆平均速度和道路占用率3个指标.详实的实验结果表明,Krauss模型具有最优异的性能.此外,通过仔细观察单个车辆的跟驰行为从微观上揭示了各模型的工作原理.     

基于车辆跟驰理论的交通流动力学模型与数值仿真

为改进交通流模拟,提出了微观与宏观统一的交通流动力学模型.从微观的车辆跟驰模型出发,假设路段单元体中的车流为整体,且单元体的运动遵守拉格朗日坐标系下的车辆跟驰运动模型,那么该模型在变换为欧拉坐标后,与流量方程结合,推导出宏观的交通流动力学模型.模型分析和数值仿真表明该模型能够良好地模拟交通流的堵塞和疏导等现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that