从椭圆酿酒酵母中提取核酸

采用正交设计试验等方法研究了从椭圆酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）中提取RNA的适宜条件为NaOH浓度1．5％,SDS浓度2％,NaCl浓度4％,抽提温度95℃,抽提时间2h。RNA粗品收率85．1％,纯度90．5％,可满足核苷酸的生产要求。     

Functional profiling of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome

Determining the effect of gene deletion is a fundamental approach to understanding gene function. Conventional genetic screens exhibit biases, and genes contributing to a phenotype are often missed. We systematically constructed a nearly complete collection of gene-deletion mutants (96% of annotated open reading frames, or ORFs) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA sequences dubbed 'molecular bar codes' uniquely identify each strain, enabling their growth to be analysed in parallel and the fitness contribution of each gene to be quantitatively assessed by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. We show that previously known and new genes are necessary for optimal growth under six well-studied conditions: high salt, sorbitol, galactose, pH 8, minimal medium and nystatin treatment. Less than 7% of genes that exhibit a significant increase in messenger RNA expression are also required for optimal growth in four of the tested conditions. Our results validate the yeast gene-deletion collection as a valuable resource for functional genomics.     

固定化酵母乙醇发酵研究

用聚乙烯酸(PVA)作载体,采用“T固化薄片成型”技术包埋酿酒酵母细胞进行乙醇发酵.批式发酵周期4.5h,乙醇浓度9.0%,乙醇产率14.4gL~(-1)h~(-1);连续发酵当稀释率为0.72h~(-1)时,乙醇浓度6.0%,乙醇产率21.6gL~(-1)h~(-1)该PVA固化酵母凝胶至少可重复使用180d以上.表明本研究可大幅度提高乙醇连续发醇效率.     

木糖发酵重组酿酒酵母研究进展

近年来针对木质纤维素类原料生物转化乙醇的研究引起了广泛关注。乙醇的高产依赖于木质纤维素水解液中六碳糖和五碳糖的共同发酵。但是,传统产乙醇酵母酿酒酵母 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 既不能发酵木糖, 也不能利用该五碳糖生长。因此, 研究人员尝试各种方法构建重组酵母菌以提高木糖发酵能力。作者综述了木糖发酵重组酿酒酵母菌的研究进展,包括天然木糖发酵微生物、木糖代谢途径、S. cerevisiae 的代谢工程、原生质体融合以及基因组改组技术, 同时也对目前研究存在的问题及研究前景进行了讨论。     

酿酒酵母功能基因组学研究进展

随着各种微生物基因组序列信息的积累和测序工作的不断完成,酿酒酵母基因组学研究的重点已由传统的结构基因组学发展到了功能基因组学,并从单一的基因功能研究转向多个或整个基因组系统地去了解真核生物生命活动的本能。对基因组学水平上酿酒酵母功能基因的生物芯片分析,代谢通路和功能图谱,以及比较基因组学研究进行综述。     

醇酒酵母反义snoRNA一级结构的分析

对酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae基因组中发现和鉴定的41个反义snoRNA进行一级结构的分析表明：酿酒酵母snoRNA基因富含AT：41个反义snoRNA全都有boxC'和boxD'结构元素；根据反义snoRNA保守结构元素及反义序列的数目和位置的特点，将反义snoRNA分为5种结构类型，认为snoRNA具有两个主要的功能区；在snR57、snR59、snR71和snR75不具有指导甲基化反义序列的功能区中，发现有一段长10－12个核苷酸的序列与rRNA互补，为进一步研究反义snoRNA的结构与功能提供了重要线索。     

脂肪酸碳链延长酶与脱饱和酶在酿酒酵母中共表达

为了利用转基因技术在酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae中生产二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22∶6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19n-3),构建了同时含C20-Δ5脂肪酸碳链延长酶(TFD5)和C22-Δ4脂肪酸碳链脱饱和酶(FAD4)基因的共表达质粒pYTFD5-FAD4.该质粒是通过基因重组的方法,使脂肪酸碳链延长酶与脱饱和酶基因置于各自启动子和终止子下获得的.共表达质粒pYTFD5-FAD4转化酿酒酵母所得到基因工程菌,在添加终质量分数为2%的半乳糖,终体积分数为1%的NP-40和0.3 mmol/L的底物二十碳五烯酸(EPA,20∶5Δ5,8,11,14,17n-3)下进行诱导,可直接转化二十碳五烯酸(EPA,20∶5Δ5,8,11,14,17n-3)生成二十二碳五烯酸(DPA,22∶5Δ4,7,10,13,16n-3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,22∶6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19n-3).     

Transposable mating type genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A functional copy of the alpha mating type gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned by transformation in yeast. Using the Southern Blotting procedure it has been shown that three distinct genetic loci implicated in mating type interconversion (HML, HMR and MAT) contain sequences homologous to the clone fragment. The restriction fragment associated with each locus exhibits a characteristic size which can be correlated with the mating type allele present at that locus. The characteristic size difference between the a and alpha genetic elements made it possible to demonstrate that the homothallic interconversion of mating types in this yeast occurs by DNA rearrangement as proposed in the 'cassette hypothesis'.     

Identification of myosin heavy chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Motility in biological systems is expressed in a variety of ways, such as cytoplasmic streaming, cell shaping, nuclear migration and muscle contraction. These functions are thought to be mediated by structural proteins, for example, myosin, actin and tubulin. The involvement of myosin in muscle contraction is well documented and this protein is implicated in generating the cleavage forces during cytokinesis in some non-muscle cells. Here, we report the isolation of a protein similar to myosin as judged by its biochemical and immunological properties, from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Parts of the protein have been conserved through evolution at the protein and DNA sequence levels. The presence of this protein in the region bordering mother cell and bud, as revealed by immunofluorescence, suggests that it is involved in cell division.     

酿酒酵母中心代谢网络动力学建模

以酿酒酵母中心代谢网络为研究对象进行代谢网络动力学模拟,将酶反应速率方程改写成普适的形式,模拟了以葡萄糖为碳源的一次生长代谢状态,计算得到了代谢网络达到稳态的代谢流分布以及全部代谢物浓度随时间变化的情况,并将模拟得到的代谢流分布与实验结果进行了比较,结果具有一致性.     

高产2-苯乙醇酿酒酵母的选育

从8株酿酒酵母中初筛到一株2-苯乙醇产量达1.48g.L-1的菌株FD0419.以此为出发菌株,分别进行硫酸二乙酯化学诱变和原生质体紫外诱变,获得3株耐受性提高但2-苯乙醇产量下降的菌株,再与出发菌株进行原生质体融合.最终,筛得菌株R-UV3,其2-苯乙醇产量达2.51g.L-1,比出发菌株提高69.6%.     

基于酵母基因组高通量数据的基因-基因相互作用预测

后基因组时代的显著特点是大规模基因组和蛋白质组实验平台所产生的大量高通量数据,整合并利用基因组和蛋白组信息成为这一时代的主要挑战之一. 因此,基因-基因相互作用将有助于理解细胞内基因之间的相互作用以及信号传导通路研究提供有价值的参考. 为预测酵母基因组中基因-基因相互作用,我们利用高通量数据中的蛋白-蛋白相互作用、遗传表型数据、基因微阵列表达数据以及功能基因注释数据等来分析酵母中的基因-基因相互作用. 本文建立的预测方法为在系统水平上理解酵母基因组中的基因功能提供了依据,也为揭示酵母基因组中的基因-基因相互作用网络奠定理论基础.     

啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)营养缺陷型的筛选及原生质体融合

本文采用营养缺陷型的互补进行了啤酒酵母原生质体融合产物的筛选。从DNA含量分析看,融合子多为三倍体,少数为四倍体,融合子的生长速度和酒精产率都比亲株高,种内原生质体融合率为1.21×10~(-4)。