脂肪组织血管重塑及其与慢性炎症的相互作用

肥胖机体胰岛素抵抗会引起血管并发症已得到认同,但新近关于肥胖机体慢性炎症的研究发现,在出现胰岛素抵抗前脂肪组织脉管系统已发生功能障碍。本研究分析脂肪组织毛细血管发生变化与缺氧的关系和缺氧与慢性炎症的关系,认为肥胖机体脂肪组织毛细血管发生变化,引起脂肪组织缺氧;缺氧诱导慢性炎症,肥胖关联的炎症又引起脂肪组织血管重塑,加剧脂肪组织功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗;提出在肥胖者体内,脂肪组织血管重塑能够调控慢性炎症和全身胰岛素敏感性。     

慢性肝病肝穿活检组织病理学研究

目的探讨慢性肝病患者肝穿活检组织病理学特征.方法筛选106例符合慢性肝病组织穿刺活检标本,所有标本行HE染色、Masson染色、网状纤维染色及D-PAS特殊染色,并评估肝穿组织炎症活动度及纤维化程度.结果 106例肝穿刺活检组织中检测出慢性肝炎86例,肝炎性早期肝硬化13例,肝炎后肝硬化7例,其中3例合并肝癌.在86例慢性肝炎中,轻度慢性肝炎44例,中度慢性肝炎33例,重度慢性肝炎9例.106例慢性肝病中,G1S0 12例,G1S1 39例,G2S2 26例,G3S3 19例,G4S4 10例.结论肝穿刺病理检查对评估肝组织活动度和肝纤维化分期具有重要价值.     

抗过敏性鼻炎的中西药研究现状

过敏性鼻炎是一种常年发病、无季节性的慢性鼻粘膜炎症疾病。本文从免疫学角度对治疗过敏性鼻炎的中西药物进行了综述,认为西药治疗过敏性鼻炎见效快,疗效确切,但不良反应多,价格昂贵。相对而言,传统中医药的作用具有多环节多方式的特点,对过敏性鼻炎治疗总有效率高。因此,寻找具有多作用环节的抗多种组胺物质的中药活性成分将成为抗过敏性新药开发的方向。     

Production of the haemopoietic growth factors GM-CSF and interleukin-3 by mast cells in response to IgE receptor-mediated activation

Mast cells have a central role in allergic diseases mediated by specific immunoglobulin E antibody responses to allergens. The binding of IgE to the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R) on mast cells and basophils enables these cells to react specifically to allergens. Such contact leads to the activation of mast cells and the release of histamine and other pharmacological mediators, causing an immediate hypersensitivity and acute inflammatory reactions, accompanied by the development of allergic symptoms. Here we show that Fc epsilon R-mediated activation of murine mast cells results in the production of the haemopoietic growth factors granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). IL-3 and GM-CSF, in addition to their role in bone marrow haemopoiesis, also influence inflammation as they have the capacity to recruit, prime and activate inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and eosinophils. Secretion of these factors by mast cells in response to allergens may therefore have an important role in local tissue defense.     

清肺止咳平喘颗粒抗炎和免疫抑制作用初探

目的观察清肺止咳平喘颗粒的抗炎、免疫作用。方法用二甲苯及琼脂建立炎症模型观察清肺止咳平喘 颗粒对急性炎症及慢性炎症的作用;从体液免疫和细胞免疫两方面观察清肺止咳平喘颗粒的免疫作用。结果清 肺止咳平喘颗粒可明显对抗急性炎症和慢性炎症,抑制体液免疫和细胞免疫。结论清肺止咳平喘颗粒有较好的 抗炎和抑制免疫的作用。     

Neurosphere-derived multipotent precursors promote neuroprotection by an immunomodulatory mechanism

In degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), transplantation of neural multipotent (stem) precursor cells (NPCs) is aimed at replacing damaged neural cells. Here we show that in CNS inflammation, NPCs are able to promote neuroprotection by maintaining undifferentiated features and exerting unexpected immune-like functions. In a mouse model of chronic CNS inflammation, systemically injected adult syngeneic NPCs use constitutively activated integrins and functional chemokine receptors to selectively enter the inflamed CNS. These undifferentiated cells survive repeated episodes of CNS inflammation by accumulating within perivascular areas where reactive astrocytes, inflamed endothelial cells and encephalitogenic T cells produce neurogenic and gliogenic regulators. In perivascular CNS areas, surviving adult NPCs induce apoptosis of blood-borne CNS-infiltrating encephalitogenic T cells, thus protecting against chronic neural tissue loss as well as disease-related disability. These results indicate that undifferentiated adult NPCs have relevant therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory CNS disorders because they display immune-like functions that promote long-lasting neuroprotection.     

胸腺基质淋巴生成素对增塑剂DEHP诱导性哮喘的介导作用（综述）

胸腺基质淋巴生成素（Thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP）是一种新型的细胞因子,也是过敏反应起始的重要因子,能通过诱导树突细胞表达协同刺激分子CD40、CD80,促进树突细胞招募Th2细胞的趋化因子,进而诱导Th2炎症细胞的大量生成,在哮喘发生过程中发挥重要的作用.增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯（Di-（2-ehtylhexyl）phthalate,DEHP）在过敏性哮喘的发生过程中具有＂佐剂作用＂,并与气道炎症的关系密不可分.研究表明,在成功构建的小鼠过敏性哮喘模型中,TSLP在DEHP致哮喘作用过程中也发挥着重要的介导作用.     

固本止咳平喘颗粒抗炎、免疫作用的实验研究

目的观察固本止咳平喘颗粒的抗炎、免疫作用。方法用二甲苯及琼脂建立炎症模型观察固本止咳平喘 颗粒对急性炎症及慢性炎症的作用;从体液免疫和细胞免疫两方面观察固本止咳平喘颗粒的免疫作用。结果固 本止咳平喘颗粒可明显对抗急性炎症和慢性炎症,对体液免疫和细胞免疫具有调节作用。结论固本止咳平喘颗 粒有较好的抗炎和免疫调节作用。     

大肠癌癌瘤周边粘膜改变的X线－病理研究（附227处切面的观察）

用Ｘ线－病理对照方法，对经手术病理证实，并有较完整Ｘ线资料的１１例大肠癌手术切除标本进行了２２７处切面的观察。结果发现１）癌瘤与周边粘膜的交界面，实际是癌瘤与慢性炎症的交界面；２）Ｘ线表现粘膜皱襞减少及不规则区，病理所见全部是癌组织与炎症组织的交界区；３）Ｘ线显示粘膜皱襞消失区，其病理改变除了粘膜下水肿、腺体腺瘤样增生及腺上皮不典型增生外，在粘膜下层还可以见到少量癌组织，因此在确定癌瘤侵犯范围时应引起注意；４）同时癌瘤近端周边粘膜的重度慢性炎症较远端周边显著，说明在监测大肠癌的发生与发展时，更应注意癌瘤近端周边肠管的Ｘ线病理改变。     

制作简易实验动物雾化箱建立小鼠哮喘模型研究

摘要:目的 应用简单易操作的方法将家用型医疗雾化吸入装置改造为实验动物雾化箱,为实验动物呼吸道疾病的研究提供便利。 方法 利用家用型雾化器和动物实验室常见的独立通气鼠笼组合改造为实验动物雾化箱。 应用自制实验动物雾化箱和鸡卵清白蛋白建立小鼠过敏性哮喘模型。 结果 实验动物雾化箱能同时为 1 ~ 20 只小鼠实验快速稳定地产出雾化吸入气体,利用该雾化箱成功建立起小鼠过敏性哮喘模型。 结论 我们利用该实验动物雾化箱建立小鼠过敏性哮喘模型并观察到明显的肺组织炎症表现。 该方法为简便和低成本地进行实验动物雾化实验提供具有操作性的指导。     

NF-kappaB functions as a tumour promoter in inflammation-associated cancer

The causes of sporadic human cancer are seldom recognized, but it is estimated that carcinogen exposure and chronic inflammation are two important underlying conditions for tumour development, the latter accounting for approximately 20% of human cancer. Whereas the causal relationship between carcinogen exposure and cancer has been intensely investigated, the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking chronic inflammation to tumorigenesis remain largely unresolved. We proposed that activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), a hallmark of inflammatory responses that is frequently detected in tumours, may constitute a missing link between inflammation and cancer. To test this hypothesis, we studied the Mdr2-knockout mouse strain, which spontaneously develops cholestatic hepatitis followed by hepatocellular carcinoma, a prototype of inflammation-associated cancer. We monitored hepatitis and cancer progression in Mdr2-knockout mice, and here we show that the inflammatory process triggers hepatocyte NF-kappaB through upregulation of tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) in adjacent endothelial and inflammatory cells. Switching off NF-kappaB in mice from birth to seven months of age, using a hepatocyte-specific inducible IkappaB-super-repressor transgene, had no effect on the course of hepatitis, nor did it affect early phases of hepatocyte transformation. By contrast, suppressing NF-kappaB inhibition through anti-TNFalpha treatment or induction of IkappaB-super-repressor in later stages of tumour development resulted in apoptosis of transformed hepatocytes and failure to progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Our studies thus indicate that NF-kappaB is essential for promoting inflammation-associated cancer, and is therefore a potential target for cancer prevention in chronic inflammatory diseases.     

Two calcium-binding proteins in infiltrate macrophages of rheumatoid arthritis

The aetiology and cellular mechanism of chronic inflammatory processes are poorly understood. Macrophages act prominently in the inflammatory response and we report here that they express two calcium-binding proteins. The expression of these proteins, referred to as MRP-8 and MRP-14, is specific for cells of myeloid origin, namely granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, and is observed in blood granulocytes and monocytes but not in normal tissue macrophages. In acutely inflamed tissues, macrophages can express MRP-14 but not MRP-8, and in chronic inflammations, such as primary chronic polyarthritis, infiltrate macrophages express both MRP-8 and MRP-14. Characterization of MRP-8 and MRP-14 could therefore be useful to the understanding of cellular processes induced in chronic inflammation.     

白介素-8与支气管哮喘之间关系的研究

支气管哮喘目前认为是由多种炎性细胞参与的气道慢性炎症，多种细胞因子在气道炎症发展过程中起重要作用。研究表明，白介素-8与支气管哮喘的发病密切相关。     

神经炎症与神经退行性疾病

 在脑损伤、感染等应激条件的诱导下,中枢神经系统中的小胶质细胞会迅速活化并促进神经炎症的发生。神经退行性疾病中同样存在广泛的慢性神经炎症,神经炎症还可能直接参与诱导了疾病的发生。对阿尔茨海默病等多种神经退行性疾病中炎症的活化机制,以及炎症如何诱导疾病发生和加重疾病进程的前沿研究进展进行了综述。提出找到那些靶向小胶质细胞活化关键位点,并具有良好血脑屏障通透性的药物是下一步的重点研究目标。     

Origin and physiological roles of inflammation

Inflammation underlies a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Although the pathological aspects of many types of inflammation are well appreciated, their physiological functions are mostly unknown. The classic instigators of inflammation - infection and tissue injury - are at one end of a large range of adverse conditions that induce inflammation, and they trigger the recruitment of leukocytes and plasma proteins to the affected tissue site. Tissue stress or malfunction similarly induces an adaptive response, which is referred to here as para-inflammation. This response relies mainly on tissue-resident macrophages and is intermediate between the basal homeostatic state and a classic inflammatory response. Para-inflammation is probably responsible for the chronic inflammatory conditions that are associated with modern human diseases.     

Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease

Intestinal homeostasis depends on complex interactions between the microbiota, the intestinal epithelium and the host immune system. Diverse regulatory mechanisms cooperate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, and a breakdown in these pathways may precipitate the chronic inflammatory pathology found in inflammatory bowel disease. It is now evident that immune effector modules that drive intestinal inflammation are conserved across innate and adaptive leukocytes and can be controlled by host regulatory cells. Recent evidence suggests that several factors may tip the balance between homeostasis and intestinal inflammation, presenting future challenges for the development of new therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.     

Inflammation and cancer

Recent data have expanded the concept that inflammation is a critical component of tumour progression. Many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation and inflammation. It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival and migration. In addition, tumour cells have co-opted some of the signalling molecules of the innate immune system, such as selectins, chemokines and their receptors for invasion, migration and metastasis. These insights are fostering new anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches to cancer development.     

铸造金属舌面板固定牙齿松动的疗效观察

在牙周炎晚期，因牙齿松动和存在慢性炎症，不能承担正常的咬He力，使用铸造金属舌面板作为永久性固定牙周夹板，刚度大，能促进组织再生；提高咀嚼效率，达到治疗牙周病较好的效果．