安塞砖窑湾地区长61储层成岩作用及成岩相特征研究

通过观察大量岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜,结合样品测试数据做综合分析。在沉积环境和沉积框架下系统地分析与研究安塞砖窑湾地区长61砂岩储层成岩作用类型、成岩阶段以及成岩相。认为研究区长61储层为一套浅水三角洲前缘亚相沉积,主要发育水下分流河道、分流间湾微相,储层主要岩性为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,结构和成分成熟度中等。其成岩阶段处于中成岩A期的晚期阶段。可划分为5个成岩相,物性由好到坏依次是绿泥石胶结-溶孔残余粒间孔相、水云母胶结-粒间孔-溶蚀孔相、碳酸盐胶结-弱溶蚀孔相、浊沸石胶结-弱溶蚀孔相、压溶-压实相。不同成岩相的划分对于研究区储层评价以及生产具有一定指导意义。     

金湖凹陷戴南组成岩相定量表征与孔隙演化模式

通过分析X衍射、扫描电镜、古地温、生烃史、分析化验等测试资料,对金湖凹陷戴南组储层特征、成岩相及孔隙演化模式做了详细研究。研究表明:研究区古近系戴南组岩石类型为长石岩屑质石英砂岩,其成熟度中等;在分析成岩作用成因的基础上,通过计算成岩强度(主要包括压实强度、胶结强度、溶蚀强度)划分为9种成岩相:I弱压实强胶结溶蚀相、II弱压实强胶结中等溶蚀相、III中等压实强胶结中等溶蚀相、IV中等压实强胶结强溶蚀相、V弱压实弱胶结强溶蚀相、VI弱压实强胶结弱溶蚀相、VII强压实强胶结中等溶蚀相、VIII强压实弱胶结强溶蚀相、IX强压强胶结弱溶蚀相。结合孔隙演化特征机理、成岩阶段以及成岩相的演化关系研究,1 000~1 500 m对应的早成岩B期主要为混合孔隙发育带,发育有I、V、VI类岩石相,1500 m以下对应的中成岩A期主要为次生孔隙发育带,主要发育有II、III、IV、VII、IX类岩石相,其次为VI、VII类岩石相。成岩阶段、成岩相、沉积相以及油气的上排效率及其多期次性在很大程度上决定了该区储层物性垂向的分带性;通过成岩阶段以及成岩相并结合孔隙演化曲线,认为戴南组从下至上储层物性有变好的趋势,西部、中部及东南地区储层明显优于南部地区。     

公山庙地区沙一段低渗砂岩储层成岩作用及其对储层的影响

公山庙地区沙一段储层属于特低渗透砂岩储层,但储层低渗的成因仍不明确.通过对该区沙一段储层成岩作用的系统研究,认为主要的成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶蚀作用等.总体上经历了早成岩阶段A期—中成岩阶段B期的主要成岩阶段,现今主要处于中成岩阶段B期,呈现"颗粒表面的绿泥石膜出现→钙十字沸石或方沸石胶结、充填→石英次生加大明显和自生石英出现→铁方解石胶结、交代常见及溶蚀作用较明显"的典型成岩序列.主要识别出(铁)方解石胶结相、沸石胶结相、绿泥石-方解石胶结相和岩屑-长石溶蚀相等优势成岩相.从成岩角度分析该区沙一段储层低渗的成因,定量研究认为持续的压实作用和强烈的胶结作用是造成研究区沙一段储层低渗的关键成岩因素,第三期溶蚀作用是改善储层储集性的主要成岩因素,通常中砂岩比细砂岩表现更明显.     

克拉苏冲断带白垩系储层成岩作用及定量成岩相

应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜等资料,对塔里木盆地克拉苏冲断带白垩系巴什基奇克组第二段（以下简称巴二段）储层成岩作用和强度进行了定量研究,划分定量成岩相类型,并确定其平面展布特征。研究区成岩作用以压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用为主,将成岩作用发生程度分为弱、中等、强三类,共识别出五种成岩相类型,分别是强压实强胶结强溶蚀成岩相、强压实强胶结弱溶蚀成岩相、强压实强胶结中溶蚀成岩相、中压实强胶结强溶蚀成岩相、中压实中胶结中溶蚀成岩相,其中中压实强胶结强溶蚀成岩相最有利于优质储层的形成。     

鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田砂岩储层成岩作用

 靖边气田二叠系砂岩储层的低孔低渗特征成为严重困扰该区天然气生产的关键问题,为了分析该区储层物性变差的主要原因,提高储层预测精度,本文通过系统的薄片鉴定、压汞、阴极发光、扫描电镜等分析,研究了该区砂岩的成岩作用及其对储集性能的控制作用。研究发现,靖边气田盒8段砂岩主要为岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩和石英砂岩,胶结物主要为碳酸盐、高岭石、绿泥石和硅质胶结,碳酸盐胶结物含量对储层物性影响较大;储集空间主要是剩余原生粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒间溶蚀扩大孔、粒内溶孔、高岭石晶间孔及少量微裂缝,以次生孔隙为主;盒8段砂岩主要为II、III类储集岩,I类储集岩较少。研究认为,沉积微相奠定了储层的物质基础,决定储层的空间展布,而成岩作用改造是储层物性好坏的关键因素,二者共同决定了储层的发育程度。压实作用和胶结作用是储层物性变差的最主要原因,广泛发育的铝硅酸盐矿物溶解对储层物性的改善起关键作用。     

苏里格气田南部山1段致密砂岩储层成岩演化及成岩相划分

为探讨苏里格气田庆城地区下二叠统山西组第1段(简称山1段)有利成岩相的分布规律,基于铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X光衍射及阴极发光等分析化验资料对山1段致密砂岩储层的成岩作用及成岩演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:研究区山1段致密砂岩储层经历了压实作用、硅质胶结作用、黏土矿物胶结作用、碳酸盐胶结作用及溶蚀作用。结合石英次生加大级别、泥岩镜质体反射率(R_0)及I/S混层矿物中蒙脱石的相对含量,认为该区山1段已进入中成岩B期,局部处于中成岩A期。将储层划分为4种成岩相类型:中孔低渗岩屑石英砂岩杂基+岩屑溶蚀相、低孔低渗岩屑石英砂岩岩屑溶蚀相、低孔特低渗含岩屑石英砂岩强胶结相及特低孔特低渗砂泥岩压实相。其中Ⅰ类为最有利的储集相带,Ⅱ类次之,主要分布在山_1~1及山_1~3层中;而Ⅲ类及Ⅳ类基本无储集能力后者纵向上封隔有效储集相带形成岩性圈闭。     

超低渗致密储层成岩相特征及其对产能控制作用——以麻黄山西区块长8油组油藏为例

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地麻黄山西区块长8油组岩心观察,以及综合运用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜以及压汞等分析化验资料,在对储层成岩作用类型和特征研究的基础上,结合孔渗条件,将该区目的层段成岩相划分为四类;再结合各类成岩相电测响应特征,建立成岩相测井识别标准,完成各单井成岩相识别;在此基础上对井间成岩相的空间展布状态进行预测,并对各类成岩相发育规律进行分析、总结。研究表明,麻黄山西区块长8油组储层划分为斑状溶蚀孔隙成岩相、碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相、黏土矿物致密胶结成岩相和致密压实成岩相四种成岩相类型。斑状溶蚀孔隙成岩相主要发育在水下分流河道微相中,物性最好,横向延展性和连通性好;黏土矿物致密胶结成岩相和碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相主要发育在水下分流河道、席状砂、河口坝微相中,物性次之;致密压实成岩相主要发育在分流间湾微相和前三角洲泥微相,物性最差,连片发育,为本区最发育的成岩相类型。体现优质成岩相主要发育在优势沉积微相中,成岩相对孔渗具有控制作用。斑状溶蚀孔隙成岩相碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相中试油日产和单位产能最高,是最有利于油气富集、开采的优势相带,为下一步重点开发的区域;黏土矿物致密胶结成岩相和致密压实成岩相虽然分布范围广,但整体产能较低,分析认为主要由于这两类相带物性较差,在生产开发中应采取酸化、压裂等方式进行储层改造来提高产能。     

松辽盆地南部大安地区姚一段特低渗砂岩成岩作用与成岩相

探讨松辽盆地南部大安地区上白垩统姚家组第一段(姚一段)特低渗砂岩中相对优质储层成因,为预测“甜点”储层分布和开发提供地质依据。综合物性、压汞、薄片、X射线衍射等多种数据,在姚一段成岩作用特征及对物性影响分析基础上,利用多种成岩强度参数进行特低渗砂岩成岩相划分,系统研究各成岩相特征及差异成因。结果表明：姚一段特低渗砂岩经历了压实成岩、胶结成岩、溶蚀成岩和胶结-交代成岩等4个阶段。姚一段岩石粒度细、黏土含量高、抗压实能力弱,强烈的压实作用是破坏物性的主要原因;多类型、多期次的胶结作用使孔隙结构复杂化,是导致特低渗的重要原因;长石、岩屑溶蚀有效改善了物性,是形成优质储层的关键。根据视压实率、视胶结率和视溶蚀率等成岩作用强度参数关系,将姚一段分为5种成岩相,各成岩相主要成岩作用类型和强度差异使孔隙沿不同路径演化,形成各自的孔隙组合,是导致其物性差异的根本原因。弱胶结中溶蚀相和弱压实中溶蚀相孔隙结构和物性最好,是有利储层类型;强压实弱胶结相和弱压实强胶结相孔喉细小、连通性差,为不利储层类型。     

白豹地区延长组长3储层的成岩作用与成岩相

目的 探讨砂岩成岩作用阶段划分、成岩作用类型及其对储层的影响.方法 根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、包裹体测温和镜煤反射率对储层进行综合分析和研究.结果 鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区的长3砂岩储层处于中成岩A期阶段,主要的成岩作用有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用,它们对储层孔隙结构具有很强烈的影响作用.结论 强烈的压实作用和胶结作用使该区砂岩成为致密型储层,但早成岩阶段形成的绿泥石膜保护了一些砂岩的原生孔隙,从而使长3绿泥石胶结相储层中发育残余孔隙;晚成岩A期强烈的溶蚀作用使高岭石胶结相储层中发育溶蚀孔隙,从而在储层中形成孔隙发育带,构成了油气聚集的必要空间.     

华庆地区长6_3储层成岩作用与成岩相研究

三叠系延长组长63段是鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区重要的勘探目的层,也是典型的低孔-低渗储层.文章对长63砂岩的成岩相进行了初步研究,划分出碳酸盐胶结成岩相、绿泥石胶结成岩相、硅质充填及次生加大胶结成岩相、长石溶蚀成岩相.分析了成岩相与储层发育的关系及其区域分布规律,为进一步的岩性———地层油藏的成藏、规律分析和储层预测提供了依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that