南沙石珊瑚来源真菌Aspergillus terreus SCAU139的聚酮类代谢产物研究

为了从海洋来源真菌的次生代谢产物中寻找抗植物病原真菌药物先导结构,采用PCR扩增技术对一株南沙石珊瑚来源真菌进行种属鉴定,运用柱色谱分离方法和波谱分析手段分离鉴定该菌株的次级代谢产物,并结合滤纸片扩散法测试单体化合物的抗菌活性。菌株鉴定为Aspergillus terreus,从其代谢产物中分离鉴定出7个已知化合物,分别为4-hydroxy-3-（3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl）-benzaldehyde（1）、terrein（2）、4-hydroxybenzaldehyde（3）,monacolin K（4）、butyrolactone I（5）、pernolide D（6）、hydroxysulochrin（7）,以上单体化合物对苹果黑点致病菌Alternaria alternate和菠萝黑心致病菌Curvularia australiensis的生长无明显抑制效果。石珊瑚来源真菌的次级代谢产物含有多种结构类型的聚酮类化合物。     

深海真菌Trichobotrys effuse DFFSCS021的次级代谢产物研究

通过多种现代化波谱手段,对深海真菌Trichobotrys effuse DFFSCS021的次级代谢产物进行挖掘。采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱等分离技术,对该菌株发酵产物中的化学成分进行研究,并运用核磁共振（NMR）、质谱（MS）和文献比对鉴定其化学结构。结果显示：从该菌株的发酵产物中共分离得到5个单体化合物,分别为1,3-dimethyluracil（1）、[2E,7E]-9-oxo-2,7-decadienoic acid（2）、periconianones H（3）、botryosphaeridione（4）和2-hydroxy-（4-octyloxy）benzophenone（5）,化合物1-5均是首次从该菌株中分离得到。化合物3对5株肿瘤细胞株HepG-2、Eca109、KG-1a、PC-3和Hep2均未显示出细胞毒活性,仅对Hela显示弱的抑制活性。实验结果不仅丰富了该菌属的化学成分类型,而且也增强了深海真菌的研究价值。     

黄栌枯萎病菌拮抗细菌的分离与鉴定

为了获得能有效拮抗黄栌枯萎病的大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的生防菌株,采用系列稀释分离法和平板对峙法从盐碱地土壤中筛选拮抗细菌,基于形态特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定菌株,并测定其无菌滤液和挥发性气体的抑菌活性。筛选结果表明,菌株C-2-3-2是一株能有效抑制黄栌枯萎病菌和尖孢镰刀菌的生防菌株,经鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。该菌株的无菌滤液对黄栌枯萎病菌和尖孢镰刀菌均具有明显的体外抑菌作用,且能有效抑制黄栌枯萎病菌微菌核的形成。同时,其挥发性气体也能有效抑制黄栌枯萎病菌的生长。另外,研究还发现该菌株能产生铁载体和合成氨,并产生几丁质酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶。研究结果表明菌株C-2-3-2在黄栌枯萎病生物防治中具有较好的应用潜力和较高的研究价值。     

日本亮耳菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗试验

 首次报道了日本亮耳真菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗活性.结果表明:除对竹荪疫霉(Phytophthora sp.)的拮抗方式是菌丝缠绕作用外,该菌株的菌丝体及其发酵液滤液对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)和稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)均有很强的拮抗活性.     

三七根腐病拮抗菌的筛选及活性产物的初步分离

 以文山州三七根腐病主体病原菌坏损柱孢(Cylindrocaipon destructans)为靶标,对其拮抗菌进行了筛选,获得了抑菌作用明显的3株拮抗细菌:Y-4-70,X-5-15和X-5-32;并对拮抗菌X-5-15代谢产物的抑菌活性进行了初步研究,发现该菌株发酵液石油醚萃取物对病原菌有较好的活性.     

棉花黄萎病拮抗菌的筛选及抑菌谱测定

采用稀释平板法,从健康棉花根部土壤中分离得到细菌、放线菌及真菌分离物1723个。通过室内平板筛选获得25株对棉花黄萎病菌具有强拮抗作用的细菌菌株。温室盆栽防治黄萎病实验结果表明：3株拮抗细菌在防治棉花黄萎病中表现较好的防病效果,其中868菌株的防治效果为67.3%,3个拮抗细菌对病原真菌棉花枯萎菌、立枯丝核菌、番茄叶霉病菌、大豆黑斑病菌、大麦条纹病菌、大豆疫霉有较强的抑制作用,抑菌谱较广。     

西昌某奶牛场乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

目的 为了确定导致西昌市某奶牛场引起乳房炎的病原。方法 无菌采集患病奶牛乳样2份进行细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化鉴定、溶血酵素基因（khe基因）和16S rRNA基因鉴定、小鼠致病性试验以及药敏试验。结果 （1）分离到1株菌，该菌为革兰氏阴性的粗短杆菌，形态学观察与生化特性均与肺炎克雷伯菌相符合；（2）khe和16S rRNA基因序列与GenBank中肺炎克雷伯菌的同源性分别为99.6%~99.8%和99.7%~100%，因此，将分离菌确定为肺炎克雷伯菌，并将其命名为XC1分离菌株；（3）小鼠致病性试验结果显示，4只接种小鼠均在接种第3天全部死亡，表明XC1分离菌株具有较强的毒力；（4）药敏试验结果显示，XC1分离菌株对恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、头孢比肟和头孢他啶高度敏感，对妥布霉素、庆大霉素和新霉素中度敏感，对红霉素、氨苄西林和阿莫西林耐药。结论 该奶牛场发生的乳房炎与肺炎克雷伯菌感染有关，且XC1分离菌株对临床常用的抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性。     

枇杷叶围微生物分离及灰斑病菌拮抗菌筛选

从健康“解放钟”枇杷叶上分离采集微生物,以筛选枇杷灰斑病拮抗菌。结果表明：在枇杷的叶围微生物中,细菌占74%以上,属优势菌群,其次是真菌,放线菌比例最少;微生物总量的季节变化趋势是春季＞夏季＞秋季。其中XI-6和XI-8两菌株对灰斑病病原菌菌丝生长及孢子萌发均有较强抑制作用,经鉴定两菌株为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）。     

石斛共生真菌木霉菌拮抗作用的初步研究

为探讨拮抗真菌及其次生代谢产物对石斛病原菌生长的影响,从药用植物石斛中分离、鉴定和筛选出对常见病原真菌镰刀菌(Fusarium)有拮抗作用的木霉菌(Trichoderma).通过平板对峙培养,观察其对镰刀菌生长的影响;通过几丁质水解圈实验,检测木霉几丁质酶的活力.该研究所筛选获得的木霉生防菌株,可应用于石斛的栽培管理,...     

加工番茄促生拮抗菌的筛选及其抑菌效果测定

针对新疆加工番茄病害发生普遍且为害严重的问题,进行了促生拮抗菌的分离筛选及其促生和抑菌效果的研究.从新疆各加工番茄主产区采集健康加工番茄植株根际土壤164份,共分离纯化得到细菌及放线菌分离物1029个,经室内一次筛选和二次筛选得到54株对番茄立枯丝核菌具有强拮抗作用的细菌菌株.促生试验表明,这54个细菌菌株中有6株细菌能提早加工番茄种子的发芽时间和提高加工番茄的发芽率,并对发芽后植株的株高、株鲜重和地上部干重的提高都具有明显的促进作用.盆栽接菌试验表明,有5株拮抗菌防治立枯病的效果较好,其中SL-23菌株的防治效果为46.96%,优于五氯硝基苯拌种的防治效果.5株拮抗细菌都对病原真菌立枯丝核病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、早疫病菌（Alternaria solani）、枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici）、疫霉病菌（Phytophthora capsici）、菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）和病原细菌番茄细菌性疮痂病菌（Xanthomonas vesicatoria）有较强的抑制生长的作用,抑菌谱较为广泛.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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