声波法直埋热水供热管道泄漏检测定位

为快速诊断供热管网泄漏,提升供热管网运行安全,搭建了供热管道泄漏检测与定位的试验台,采用加速度传感器进行声波测量,研究供热管道不同运行压力、温度、泄漏孔径、漏点位置等对供热管道泄漏声波特性与漏点定位的影响。结果表明:供热管道未泄漏时背景噪声能量集中在0~1000Hz,泄漏后的声波能量集中在1200~2400Hz和3200~4000Hz范围。管内压力和泄漏孔径增大后,泄漏声波信号幅值增大,信号能量增强,高频段能量占比增加,漏点定位精度提高;而温度升高后,泄漏声波信号幅值减小,信号能量减弱,低频段能量占比增加,漏点定位精度下降;漏点相对位置对漏点定位精度影响小,带通滤波处理后,漏点定位精度明显提高。     

园区供热管网泄漏工况建模及分析

为提高供热系统的安全性及故障诊断系统的准确性,依据图论理论对某园区供热管网泄漏工况进行水力特性建模,并通过管网能量平衡方程求解不同工况下的用户室内温度.分析了不同泄漏工况对供热管网水力工况和热力工况的影响.研究结果表明:供热管网中任意点发生泄漏故障均会对系统水力特性产生影响,并且泄漏点距离循环水泵越近对供热系统管段流量影响越大;供热管网水力特性的变化将会对热力特性产生耦合影响.本研究可为供热管网泄漏事故预判及故障诊断等提供参考依据.     

管道泄漏源定位中最优小波基变换研究

针对压力管道通孔型泄漏源互相关定位的声发射（AE）信号降噪问题,进行了小波变换系数重构泄漏信号的最优小波基的选取工作。首先分析了管道通孔型泄漏信号的声学特性;然后使用短时傅立叶变换分析了泄漏声发射事件的发生时间,用于获得其在该时间段内的基本时域波形,同时对比基本时域波形与标准小波基的相似性删选出合适的小波基;进一步,通过分析小波变换定位泄漏声发射事件的频率分布确定最优小波基。同时考虑到声速对定位管道泄漏的影响,对管道声速进行现场测量标定。最后以最佳小波基的小波变换系数作为重构信号开展基于互相关的定位实验。实验结果表明,选择横波的波速作为管道检测的声速时,最佳小波基为“morlet”的小波变换系数作为重构信号能够很好地剔除噪声提高管道定位精度。     

小波去噪和奇异性分析方法在输油管道泄漏检测中的应用

输油管道中存在的噪声影响了管道泄漏事故的判决,利用瞬态压力波定位泄漏点的关键是准确地确定瞬态压力波传播到管道始末两端的时间差,通过小波阈值去噪和信号奇异点分析方法,可以有效降低管道工况噪声对泄漏信号的干扰,提高瞬态压力波定位的精度.     

VMD-Wavelet 联合去噪算法研究与应用

为解决天然气管道运行过程中采集到的泄漏声波信号含有大量噪声的问题, 通过研究小波、 经验模态分解、 变模态分解等常见去噪算法, 分析了泄漏声波信号的特点, 将改进小波阈值去噪和变模态分解去噪相结合, 提出了变模态分解-小波变换(VMD-Wavelet: Variable Mode Decomposition-Wavelet) 联合去噪算法。 利用该算法对典型信号进行去噪运算仿真, 结果表明, 该联合去噪算法性能优于常见算法。 最后, 将 VMD-Wavelet 联合去噪算法应用于实际采集的油气管道泄漏声波信号去噪处理, 研究发现, 该去噪算法对强背景噪声下的泄漏声波信号能取得很高的信噪比改善和很小的均方误差。     

基于声发射与小波包理论的压力管道泄漏检测

采用声发射技术与小波包理论相结合的方法对管道泄漏点实现了精确定位．首先，对2个声发射传感器采集的数据信号运用小波包分解并重构得到不同频段数据．然后，对2个传感器分解信号的同一频段做互相关分析，比较并选取相关系数最大值对应的时间代入定位公式就得到了泄漏点的位置．通过数字仿真对比表明，该方法优于直接相关定位法，具有较强的抗噪声能力，提高了信噪比．实际测试结果表明，该方法具有高于94％的定位精度，可以用于实验压力管道泄漏的检测与在线监测中。     

基于泄漏瞬变模型的管道泄漏检测与定位方法

目前基于模型的管道泄漏检测与定位方法在泄漏瞬态过程中难以稳定定位,造成定位时间过长,无法及时排除泄漏故障.基于特征线法,对管道泄漏瞬变信号的产生和传播进行研究,提出基于泄漏瞬变模型的管道泄漏检测与定位方法.该方法能够在泄漏瞬态过程中进行定位,缩短了模型法的定位时间.通过仿真研究和实际管道的实验验证对该方法的定位时间、定位持续时间、定位精度和噪声的影响等进行分析和讨论.实验结果表明该方法具有快速定位能力,可适用于突发泄漏和缓泄的检测和定位.但该方法的定位持续时间有限,测量信号中的噪声会影响该方法的定位精度、定位稳定性和定位响应速度.     

改进BP神经网络在管道泄漏检测中的应用

管道泄漏检测和定位在管道的安全生产中占有重要的位置.本文将用小波包分解技术提取的管道泄漏检测系统特征信号作为神经网络的输入,建立管道运行状态的神经网络分类器,根据输出对管道的运行状态进行识别.利用小波变换特性提取压力传感器的信号奇异点,根据负压力波定位法对管道泄漏点定位,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

供热管道直埋敷设技术探讨

本文结合实际工程对直埋供热管道的设计方法、管道布置形式、管网施工进行叙述,提出了供热管道采用直埋敷设技术的优越性。     

基于小波奇异值分析的管道泄漏特征提取研究

分布式光纤泄漏检测技术在油气管道泄漏监测领域有广泛的应用前景。本文通过分布式光纤测温系统获取输油管道实时的温度信号,利用小波奇异值分析对信号进行特征提取,判断管道的泄漏程度及位置。实验结果表明:小波奇异值分析不仅对严重泄漏时的温度信号可突出特征,而且对于轻微泄漏情况下或干扰作用下特征信息微弱的温度信号,具有很好的降噪、特征提取的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of