链霉菌S506活菌制剂发酵条件的筛选与优化

对链霉菌S506活菌制剂的发酵条件进行了单因素研究,通过正交试验设计对该菌株的培养基进行了筛选.确定了液体发酵最佳培养基配方为麸皮40 g/L,玉米粉40 g/L,甘油10 mL/L,黄豆饼粉10 g/L;最佳发酵工艺参数为温度35 ℃,初始pH为6～8,500 mL三角瓶的装液量为100 mL,转速150 r/min,发酵周期96 h.经液-固发酵制得固体活菌菌剂,室温下保存1.5 a,活菌数量仍达到40亿个/g以上,为大规模培养S506菌提供可靠的基础数据.     

瓦莱氏芽孢杆菌YH-18发酵液的喷雾干燥工艺

【目的】瓦莱氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus valeriana) YH-18菌株是1株对多种林木具有抗病促生效果的优良菌株。菌粉是生物菌剂应用在生产上的一种类型,以高集粉率和活菌量作为主要目标,确定YH-18菌粉制备的最佳喷雾干燥的工艺条件,为抗病促生瓦莱氏芽孢杆菌YH-18的规模化应用提供技术支撑。【方法】利用喷雾干燥法对YH-18菌株的发酵液进行喷雾干燥,采用单因素试验和正交试验设计,研究了瓦莱氏芽孢杆菌YH-18菌粉制备的喷雾干燥工艺条件。【结果】瓦莱氏芽孢杆菌YH-18发酵液喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件为:进风口温度95 ℃,最佳保护剂为15%脱脂奶粉,雾化压力0. 25 MPa,进样速度10 mL/min,真空度-0. 03 Pa。在该条件下喷雾干燥得到的YH-18固体菌剂产物,活菌量可以达到3. 28×10 ⁹ cfu/g。YH-18固体菌剂对林木溃疡病病原菌拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sp.)保持有明显拮抗作用。【结论】固体菌剂相对于液体菌剂具有更易储藏、便于运输、货架期长等优点。喷雾干燥法具有控制性强、稳定性高的特点,是实现液体菌剂到固体菌剂的有效途径。YH-18发酵液喷雾干燥工艺条件的确定为未来规模化固体菌剂应用提供了技术支持。     

喷雾干燥法制备植物乳杆菌MA2发酵剂

对一株Kefir源植物乳杆菌MA2喷雾干燥法制备发酵剂的工艺进行初步研究,通过正交实验对保护剂的配方进行优化,确定保护剂的配方为:谷氨酸钠20,g/L,海藻糖50,g/L,乳糖50,g/L,脱脂乳100,g/L.通过响应面分析方法对喷雾干燥的条件进行优化,确定喷干最适条件为:进口温度151.63,℃,进料流量62.07,mL/h,保护剂与菌泥比例(g∶L)3.38∶1.按上述条件得到干菌粉的活菌数为2.11×109 g–1.4,℃冷藏保存半年后活菌数仍能达到1.02×109 g–1,凝乳时间14,h,胆固醇移除率32.0%,为实现乳酸菌发酵剂的高效生产提供实验基础.     

可再分散核壳结构乳胶粉的制备

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了核壳结构聚合物乳液,研究了乳化剂用量、核壳比例对乳胶粒形态及聚合物成膜性能的影响;将上述乳液经过喷雾干燥制得可再分散胶粉,对乳胶粉微观形貌进行了表征。实验结果发现,当乳化剂占单体质量分数大于0.5%,核/壳单体质量比在7:3以上,制得的乳液稳定性较好,TEM照片显示存在清晰的核壳结构,测得乳液成膜温度在30℃以下,制得可再分散胶粉直径小于40μm。     

干燥预处理对EVA可再分散乳胶粉性能的影响

通过试验用NaOH稀溶液、硅溶胶和聚乙烯醇(PVA)对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)乳液进行干燥预处理,采用喷雾干燥法制备EVA可再分散乳胶粉,并讨论pH值、硅溶胶、PVA对EVA可再分散乳胶粉含水率、残渣率、再分散性及再分散液胶膜等性能的影响.试验结果表明,将EVA乳液pH值调节至9,用乳液质量25%的硅溶胶和5%的PVA对乳液进行干燥预处理,在雾化机旋转盘转速为21000r/min,进出口温度分别为170℃和90℃,进料速度为80g/min条件下进行喷雾干燥,制得的EVA可再分散乳胶粉含水率(ω=2.35%)和残渣率(ω=3.70%)低、再分散性及再分散液成膜良好.     

低血糖指数冲调粉配方和加工工艺研究

在筛选出制备低血糖生成指数(glycemic index,GI)冲调粉原料的基础上,对低GI冲调粉配方进行设计,然后考察了不同加工工艺及参数对冲调粉估计血糖生成指数(expected glycemic index,eGI)和溶解度指数(drying-matter solubility index,DSI)的影响,确定了低GI冲调粉的优化加工工艺及参数,并对制得的冲调粉进行了人体餐后血糖响应研究。结果表明,燕麦、鹰嘴豆、花芸豆在经过蒸煮、挤压或滚筒干燥加工后eGI值均较低。以燕麦、鹰嘴豆、花芸豆为原料,配比为16.43∶76.35∶7.22,采用挤压工艺(机筒升温程序60℃-80℃-100℃-120℃,水分添加量25%,螺杆转速100r/min)可制得高DSI、低eGI的冲调粉(DSI和eGI分别为16.45%和57.41)。该冲调粉经人体餐后血糖响应研究测得GI为52.13(以葡萄糖GI为100),属于低GI食品。     

方便速食豆花粉的研制

主要研究了速食豆花粉的制备和冲调条件。将鲜制豆浆在13 MPa-23 MPa的压力下进行均质,喷雾干燥进风温度为100℃-110℃,排风温度为60℃-65℃;豆花粉与水之比为1∶15,冲调水温为90℃,豆花粉与葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯之比为16∶1,所得方便豆花质量最佳。     

精制玉米蛋白粉的制备及在灌肠中的应用

玉米蛋白粉经氯仿常温浸泡２．５ｈ,７５℃抽提１．５ｈ;ｐＨ６．０,温度４０℃,４％β－ＣＤ溶液浸泡４ｈ脱臭;ｐＨ５．５,温度５５℃,２０％磷酸三钠浸泡改性处理后,制得玉米蛋白精粉。此精粉在灌肠中的添加量小于４％时,产品质量良好。     

超细五氧化二锑的制备

以三氧化三锑和双氧水为原料，其量比为1：1．8，在90℃下回流反应60min，在稳定体系中制得水系五氧化二锑胶体；用喷雾干燥方法制备了平均粒径为0．5μm的五氧化二锑粉末，测试了其物化性能；加入5％的该产品在PVC中，其氧指数为39。     

高活性干酪乳杆菌粉末发酵剂的初步研究

研究了干酪乳杆菌的高浓度培养条件,并在此基础上探讨了冷冻干燥法及喷雾干燥法制备干酪乳杆菌干剂的可行性。实验表明,初始培养基不调酸,发酵过程中不补料并用饱和Ca(OH)2作为中和剂,调节培养基pH在6.3～6.6,菌数可达1010/mL;将获得的高浓度干酪乳杆菌培养液离心浓缩,以1000脱脂乳加2.700甘油作为保护剂制成菌悬液进行冷冻干燥,其菌数可达到9.0×1010/g。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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