甘肃省R&D经费投入结构与强度对比研究

甘肃作为西部欠发达地区的缩影,在科技创新领域创造出了"低投入、高产出"的现象。然而,在研究与试验发展(RD)经费累积量不足、企业研发投入强度落后的背景下,加之近年来受经济下行影响,出现了RD经费投入增幅下降并持续回落的迹象。本文对2000年以来甘肃省的研发经费总量、投入强度、来源结构、经费结构等进行对比分析发现,与发达地区相比,这不仅仅是数量增长,还有结构的变化,需从多方面共同发力。     

西部地区高校R&D活动对经济增长影响的实证研究

高校作为承担RD经费投入的重要机构,通过发挥技术创新扩散和知识创造传播的功能影响地区经济增长。通过建立面板数据模型,对2001—2018年西部地区不同类型高校RD经费和不同类型RD活动现状进行分析,研究发现:西部地区高校RD支出对经济增长具有显著促进作用,其中理工农医类高校RD经费支出对经济增长具有明显的促进作用,同时存在RD经费使用效率低下的问题;在高校RD活动类型中,西部高校活动总支出经费逐年增加,不同领域各有侧重,基础研究和应用研究对促进经济增长的作用明显。因此,应加大西部地区高校RD经费投入力度,合理调整RD活动支出结构,开展具有高校特色的科学研究活动,提高西部地区高校RD经费的使用效率,促进西部地区高校RD投入与经济增长和谐共进。     

政府R&D投资经费过程监控与绩效管理

正政府和企业是RD活动经费的两大主要来源[4]。RD项目经费主要是实际用于基础研究、应用研究和实验发展的经费支出,包括科学研究和实验发展过程中的人员劳务支出、原材料费用、固定资产投入和相关的管理费用及财务费用等其他费用支出。我国政府RD投资经费的支出要求各个执行单位严格按照国家的经费使用办法,遵循专款专用的原则,确保政府的RD投资经费用在科技研发中。2006年财政部和科技部分别制定了《国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)专项经费管理     

北京市工业企业创新活动分析

利用北京市经济普查年鉴2008中工业企业创新活动的相关数据,建立衡量工业企业创新活动的评价指标体系,以此分析北京各区县、各部门及各类型规模以上工业企业的创新活动现状.研究发现,海淀区是创新活动最活跃的区域,制造业是创新活动最多的行业,在制造业各部门中通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业的创新能力最强,而有限责任公司在15类工业企业创新活动中排名最前.同时,工业企业的RD经费内部支出与新产品销售收入、专利授权数之间高度正相关,表明提高对RD经费内部支出的投入力度能有效促进工业企业创新活动的产出成果.     

中国R&D经费投入现状及2035年预测

研究在对中国R&D经费投入规模、强度、效率和结构进行国际比较基础上,指出了中国R&D经费投入增速下滑、结构有待优化、效率依然不高、企业科学研究占比偏低、财政科技支出R&D导向不足等特征.2018年中国R&D经费投入强度为2.19％,这一水平不仅符合当前中国经济发展阶段特征和国际R&D经费投入强度发展规律,且明显优于处于...     

“十二五”天津市R&D/GDP规划目标实证研究

在全国经济下行、天津经济增速趋缓的形势下,我市科技创新逆势发展,全社会RD经费内部支出突破500亿元,达到510.18亿元;RD/GDP达到3.08%,,超过"十二五"规划目标0.08个百分点;RD/GDP指标继北京、上海之后,连续9年居全国第3位。"十二五"规划科技目标圆满收官,为"十三五"科技发展奠定了坚实基础。数据同时显示,天津市科学研究经费投入偏低,滨海新区研发投入强度低于全市平均水平,高水平RD研究人员投入不足。提出要积极争取中央、市级和区县三级财政对RD活动的支持力度,落实好高企减免税和研发经费加计扣除政策。     

强化研发投入提升区域创新能力研究——以郑州市为例

国际上通常采用RD活动的规模和强度指标反映一国的科技实力和核心竞争力。一国的RD水平体现着一国的政治经济实力,一个城市的RD水平,体现着城市的竞争力,本文选取郑州为样本,从财政投入、企业投入、科教资源等方面分析影响RD的原因,同时对中部地区的数据和政策进行对比,提出了提高城市RD投入的对策建议。     

企业科技资金投向与我国高技术产业竞争力

运用灰色关联分析法,对企业科技资金投向与我国高技术产业竞争力进行关联度分析。结果表明:反映自主技术创新的RD经费内部支出和新产品开发经费支出对我国高技术产业竞争力的影响最大,购买国内技术经费支出和消化吸收经费支出的影响最小,其他相关经费支出的影响介于二者之间。为提高我国高技术产业竞争力,应注重创新活动经费投入,并应加强引进技术的消化吸收能力。     

科技资金投入对贵州高技术产业发展影响实证研究

通过计量经济方法,以VEC模型为基础,运用HP滤波分析、协整检验、因果检验和方差分解等理论对1997—2016年贵州地区RD经费投入、财政科技资金投入对高技术产业发展的影响进行了实证分析。结果显示:RD经费投入是高技术产业发展的格兰杰原因,但存在滞后效应;地方财政科技拨款是高技术产业发展的格兰杰原因,对高技术产业产值贡献稳定在7%以上。因此,应该进一步拓宽融资渠道,发挥政府科技资金的引导作用,吸引各方面的社会资金的投入,多渠道筹备科技投入资金,为高技术产业发展提供充足的资金支持。     

安徽省 R & D 经费投入现状分析

正随着科技的发展,RD活动的理论研究越来越受到重视,RD投入强度在一定程度上反应了一个国家和地区的科技发展水平。本文在梳理近几年安徽省各市RD相关数据的基础上,分析安徽省各市RD投入的整体情况以及RD与GDP、财政科技投入     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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