小型直燃型吸收式机组部分负荷特性的实验研究

部分负荷工况是制冷系统常见的运行工况，对于只带有一个燃烧器的小型直燃型机组，采用燃烧器间歇运行的方式，实现了小型直燃型吸收式机组的部分负荷运行，研究了过渡过程中发生器等部件的性能参数的变化，分析了压力，温度和浓度的变化原因及相互之间的关系。     

新型高效太阳能吸收式制冷循环

提出了一种新型高效太阳能LiBr吸收式制冷循环．在传统的两级吸收式循环的基础上,将高压发生器发生出的LiBr溶液与低压吸收器吸收后的溶液混合,在发生温度与压力允许的范围内,使高压吸收器的吸收剂浓度较两级吸收式循环高,从而在相同的冷凝条件下减小了其压力．分析了新型循环的性能,并与传统的两级吸收式制冷循环进行比较,结果表明影响系统性能的主要因素是溶液浓度及低压发生器压力,新型吸收式循环的发生热源温度在75～85℃,系统的热力系数最高可达0．605,其热源可利用温差最大可达33．5℃,其性能在传统循环基础上有较大提高,效果较明显．     

新型循环直燃机研究

为了提高直燃型溴化锂吸收式制冷机能源总利用率和吸收式制冷机组的性能系数,对其原有循环进行了改进,利用排烟热回收发生器对烟气中的余热进行了回收,以此作为吸收式制冷机的热源,通过制冷循环达到制冷的目的．进行了热力计算和样机设计并进行了初步实验研究．通过热回收,一次能源效率提高近3%．循环模拟和初步实验研究表明,采用热回收循环的直燃机取得了较好的节能效果．     

无泵溴化锂吸收式制冷机二次发生器的实验研究

在太阳能无泵溴化锂吸收式制冷系统降膜吸收器、降膜蒸发器、弦月形热虹吸提升管、冷凝器等主要部件的基础上，设计了一套二次发生器，有效地降低了热源温度（最低启动温度为68℃，稳定运行温度范围为80-93℃），提高了太阳能的利用率．二次发生器在提高系统冷凝器与蒸发器间压差的同时，使系统能在较低的溶液初始质量分数范围（46%～54%）下运行，放气范围可达6%，吸收率是二次发生器关闭时的3倍，有助于提高吸收器性能；冷剂水产量提高，是相应未开二次发生装置时冷剂水产量的1．68倍，蒸发效果明显改善；随着加热水温度和吸收器浓溶液温度的升高，吸收器冷却水温差和冷媒水温差均增大，冷媒水出口温度降低，改善了制冷系统的整体运行性能，平均制冷系数可达0．725．     

太阳能混合吸收式制冷空调系统的性能研究

提出了一种新型太阳能混合吸收式制冷空调系统,可以较好地利用太阳能制冷,克服传统吸收式系统在利用太阳能实现制冷时存在整体效率低的弊端．混合吸收式制冷循环增设附加高压发生器,同时使高压发生器再生出LiBr溶液与低压吸收器的吸收后的溶液混合,进入高压吸收器,提高了高压吸收器中LiBr溶液的浓度使其压力降低．研究结果表明,新型制冷循环的制冷系数高达0．61,驱动热源的可利用温差最高可达33．2℃,新型太阳能混合吸收式空调系统的整体效率比两级吸收式太阳能空调系统有较大提高,最大提高幅度为94．5％,能更好地发挥太阳能空调的优势．     

一种高效太阳能混合吸收式制冷循环系统

提出一种高效的较大程度利用热源的新型太阳吸收式循环系统，与传统的两级吸收式循环相比，系统增加了一个附加高压发生器，通过高压发生器再出生的LiBr溶液与低压吸器的吸收后的溶液混合，提高高压吸收器的吸收剂浓度从而减小其压力，分析了混合循环的各种性能特性，并与传统的两级吸收式制冷循环进行比较，结果表明混合吸收式循环的发生热源在80－95℃之间，热力系数在传统的两级吸收式循环基础上平均提高20％，其热源可利用温差平均提高20℃，效果较明显。     

热水型吸收式制冷机的稳态模拟

建立了预测热水型溴化锂吸收式制冷机组性能的稳态仿真模型,机组包括吸收器、发生器、冷凝器、蒸发器和溶液换热器.仿真模型基于部件的质量守恒和能量守恒,采用了集总参数方法.每一状态节点的热力系数和状态参数,根据已知部件面积、冷热流体流量及进口或出口温度、吸收器的再循环率进行计算.根据仿真模型,编写了机组变工况稳态运行模拟程序,得到了不同参数条件下的COP变化曲线.     

直燃型双效溴化锂制冷机扰动工况的动态仿真

针对直燃型双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机在扰动工况下的工作特点，建立了各个部件及系统的动态仿真模型，编制了通用仿真软件。利用仿真软件研究了制冷机在扰动工况下的动态特性，得出了为保持稳定的冷媒水出口温度，燃料输入量随着冷却水及冷媒水进口温度而变化的关系式。     

溶液加冷剂回热双吸收式热变换器循环性能分析

基于溶液回热双吸收式热变换器循环,提出了一种溶液加冷剂回热双吸收式热变换器循环方案,即在溶液回热双吸收式热变换器的吸收蒸发器稀溶液出口增加了一个溶液与冷剂间的热交换器.计算并比较了吸收蒸发器稀溶液出口溶液无回热、有溶液回热以及同时有溶液和冷剂回热3种双吸收式热变换器循环的性能系数和效率.结果表明,溶液加冷剂回热双吸收式热变换器循环不仅具有较宽的吸收蒸发温度变化范围,而且在整个吸收蒸发器操作范围内可使循环性能系数和效率进一步提升,当吸收温度、发生温度、冷凝温度和吸收蒸发温度分别为120~150,70,25和80~115℃时,性能系数和效率较有溶液回热双吸收式热变换器循环增加约2.5%~3.5%.同时分析了吸收温度、冷凝温度、发生温度和吸收蒸发温度变化时吸收蒸发器稀溶液出口无回热、有溶液回热以及同时有溶液和冷剂回热3种循环的性能系数和效率的变化趋势.     

吸收式制冷机组逆神经网络设定优化

针对吸收式制冷机组非线性、难以控制的特点，提出了一种基于逆神经网络模型的设定点优化方案。首先，以11.5kW单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组为对象，使用人工神经网络方法建立了机组模型，通过对溴冷机制冷原理的分析，建立了系统结构为5-6-2的网络模型，该神经网络模型的相关系数大于0.99且方均根误差小于0.2%，与实验数据取得了良好的拟合效果；然后，利用该模型对溴冷机的各个输入参数进行灵敏度分析，并据此选择热水供水温度与冷却水流量作为优化方法的控制输入参数；最后，以冷冻水输出温度作为系统控制输出，对其进行优化计算，并采用改进的粒子群优化算法与逆神经网络相结合的方法，计算制冷机组的最优控制输入参数。通过实验与仿真分析，可知该算法的计算时间在30 s以内，低于吸收式制冷机组的稳定时间；溴冷机的目标输出与仿真计算结果间的误差小于0.02%，表明该方案可以应用于吸收式制冷机组的在线控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~