喷水推进器进水流道参数化设计与应用

为了优质高效地设计喷水推进器的进水流道,使其流体动力性能综合兼优,提出了喷水推进器进水流道的一种参数化设计方法.该方法将进水流道的三维几何结构用16个相互关联的参数来描述和构建.流道背部与船体的交界区域以及流道的唇部等流动复杂的区域采用贝塞尔曲线构建.调整16个参数中任一参数的值,其他参数能够根据参数间的关联性自动变化,为快速、灵活、精确地构建和修改进水流道几何结构创造了条件.参数化方法设计的进水流道的综合流体动力性能采用计算流体力学方法进行数值计算,并根据分析结果有针对性地进行流道结构的再调整.将流道几何的参数化建模与流体动力性能的数值计算联合使用能够实现综合流体动力性能优良的进水流道的快速设计.该参数化设计方法用于某喷水推进艇进水流道改进设计时取得了良好效果.     

增压器涡轮排气道改进的试验研究

在一定容量以上的大流量增压器,由于结构强度的需要,其涡轮排气道都布置在涡轮和压气机之间。因为轴向尺寸很短,世界各国都把排气道设计成具有长方形截面的简单通道。气流在排气道中转向90°后向上或侧面排出(见图1)。显然这类排气道的排气损失是很大的。六十年代以后,有的国家在排气道进口处加一短的轴向扩压器,有的加大排气道轴向尺寸或排气口面积,也有将涡轮由单级改为双级,使排气损失有所减小。看来,在轴向尺寸受限制的条件下,这些想法的发展前途是不大的。本文在排气道进口处采用轴-径向扩压器和扩压器四周的导流蜗壳的思路来改进这类排气道。并对BBC公司生产的VTR400的原排气道和我们的两种改进方案进行一系列的对比试验研究。试验结果表明,由于减小了排气道中的损失,根据VTR400原来参数,两种改进方案可使涡轮效率分别提高4.6％和6.1％,涡轮功率分别提高68.5马力和88.1马力。这种改进方案有较好的实用价值。     

涡轮风扇发动机最佳循环参数选择(上)

为了在初步设计阶段选定涡扇发动机最佳循环参数,本文利用气动热力循环分析得出了计算分开排气与混合排气加力涡扇发动机耗油率和单位流量推力的解析表达式。介绍了存其他循环参数固定条件下求某一参数最佳值或两个参数同时为最佳值的数值算计方法,给出了在程序式袖珍计算器TI—59上进行计算的程序。以JT9D、F100两种发动机作为实例进行了计算。讨论了影响参数选择的各种因素。并对下一代亚音速民航机、超音速运输机及超音速战斗机所可能采用涡扇发动机的循环参数进行了予测。以降低巡航耗油率为主的亚音速民航用发动机可采用高函道比混合排气不加力涡扇发动机。循环参数选择应进一步提高函道比、单级风扇增压比以及内函增压比。以满足战斗性能要求为主的F100后继机可采用分开排气、外函加力,变函道比加力涡扇发动机,进一步提高涡轮前总温及外函道增压比。表明本文提出方法是可用的。计算工作量小,可得到满意的初步结果。     

基于UG的柴油机缸盖气道CAD设计

气缸盖是柴油机中一个十分重要的部件,其中进、排气道性能的好坏直接关系到油气进入的方向及混合情况,直接影响发动机功率、起动速度、排放乃至整机性能;本文介绍了UG在柴油机气道设计及相关模具CAD设计中的应用。     

增压柴油机排气压力变化规律的实验研究

研究采用等压增压系统的多缸柴油机排气压力的变化规律. 利用瞬态压力传感器和燃烧分析仪,在某V型8缸增压柴油机上,测量了不同工况下第1缸排气阶段气缸内和排气道出口处的压力随曲轴转角的变化情况. 分析结果表明:在相同的转速下,随着负荷增加,排气道出口压力随曲轴转角变化的规律相近,压力的波动幅度增加;随着转速的增加,在排气道出口压力曲线中的波峰和波谷出现的曲轴转角位置向后推移;在某些工况下,缸内排气压力高于排气道出口的压力,而有些工况下,缸内排气压力会低于排气道出口的压力.     

平进口喷水推进器进水流道多目标优化设计

为了提高喷水推进器进水流道的水力性能并考虑空化性能,以水力效率、出流不均匀度和垂直度为优化目标,以进水流道内压力最小值为约束条件,对平进口式进水流道开展了多目标优化设计.采用参数化设计方法对进水流道进行三维建模,通过优化拉丁超立方试验设计方法生成75组样本,通过Kriging模型建立了设计变量与优化目标之间的近似模型,采用NSGA-II(改进的非支配排序遗传)算法在设计空间内进行全局寻优.敏感度分析结果表明:流道进口长度、水平直管段长度、下侧倾斜直管段的长度对优化目标的影响最大.与初始设计相比,在进速比为0.7时,优化后进水流道的不均匀度为0.188、垂直度为87.84°、水力效率为94.58%;优化后的进水流道对不同进速比都具有较好的适应性.     

废气入射管道参数对缸内EGR分层的影响

为了在某款摩托车汽油机缸内实现废气再循环 (exhaust gas recirculation,EGR)分层以减少泵气损失,降低NO_x排放,将原有的进气旁通系统改造为EGR系统,使用GT-POWER模型求解出3 000 r/min、60 mg进气量工况下废气入射管道以及进排气道的边界条件和初始条件,并将这些条件导入发动机的CONVERGE模型中进行计算,通过对比不同废气入射管径、不同安装角度、不同安装距离条件下的缸内流动特性、缸内速度场以及缸内废气质量分数分布,确定了最佳废气入射管道参数。结果表明：在3 000 r/min、60 mg进气量工况下,当废气入射管径为5 mm,入射角度为17.5°,安装距离为22 mm时,气缸内能实现EGR分层。     

改善大功率涡轮增压柴油机性能的研究

根据降低大功率涡轮增压柴油机燃油消耗串的需要，讨论了改善柴油机性能的主要措施，通过对缸盖气道的改进设计，使进、排气道的通流能力显著提高，涡流强度也有较大增加，柴油机燃烧过程得到改善，同时，采用新型的涡轮增压器ＮＲ１５／Ｒ代替ＶＴＲ１６１，增加了排气能量的回收，从而使６ＤＳ－１８Ａ柴油机的燃油消耗率在标定工况下降低１２ｇ／（ｋＷ·ｈ）。     

旋转辊差异化非直流道设计与多目标优化方法

为提高平面流铸冷却辊内水流更新速率,在流道内流体微团力学分析基础上,提出一种进、出水面采用不同旋向肋道的差异化非直流道结构,并基于Bezier曲线对肋道型线与厚度进行参数化表达;针对多变量、多参数优化过程中求解效率低的问题,采用拉丁超立方抽样获取样本点,通过数值计算获得样本点性能参数,然后,基于熵权层次分析法获得流道换热效率综合性能指标,进一步采用BP神经网络预测与遗传算法优化相结合的方法进行寻优。研究结果表明：进水面采用旋向即与冷却辊转向相反的肋道、出水面采用旋向即与冷却辊转向相同的肋道可明显减小流道涡旋现象,提高水流更新速率;所提出的参数化建模与优化方法在应用于多变量、多参数优化时具有较高的求解效率;在同等条件下,相比于传统散射直流道和优化前流道,优化后流道的流量分别提升25.0%和5.6%,达到了提高水流更新速率的目的。     

木材厂干燥窑暖通改造设计

针对大连市某木材厂木材干燥后出现水分分布不均、干燥周期过长等现象 ,对干燥室的供热设备散热量、散热面积、风机风量、风压等进行校核计算 ,并对散热器、风机、进排气道、导流板等进行改造 ,使其运行效果得以改善。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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