酸/热联合法对土霉素菌渣中蛋白质溶出效果的影响

为提高土霉素菌渣中蛋白质溶出效率,采用酸/热联合法对土霉素菌渣进行溶胞试验。采用正交试验和单因素试验确定酸/热联合法提取土霉素菌渣蛋白质的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:土霉素菌渣中蛋白质溶出的各因素影响程度依次为含水率、pH、反应温度、反应时间;在含水率为96%、pH为1.0、反应温度为120℃和反应时间为4 h时,蛋白质最高溶出率达到29.96%,溶出浓度达到4 784.2 mg/L。     

超声/碱预处理对青霉素菌渣厌氧消化的影响研究

为了提高菌渣厌氧消化生产沼气的效率,最终实现菌渣的资源化和减量化,采用超声/碱预处理方法处理青霉素菌渣,考察了pH值、超声声能密度、含水率和反应时间对预处理效果的影响,并通过生化产甲烷潜力(BMP)试验考察了菌渣的可生化性。正交试验结果表明:超声/碱预处理可强化菌渣破壁效果,促进胞内有机物溶出,其最佳预处理条件:pH值为10,声能密度为2.0 W/mL,含水率为97%,反应时间为5 min,COD溶出率最高能达到84.69%,是单独超声预处理的2.08倍。BMP试验表明,预处理各因素对菌渣沼气产率的影响程度为含水率声能密度反应时间pH值。按照甲烷产率确定最佳预处理条件:pH值为9,声能密度为0.5 W/mL,含水率为96%,反应时间为30min,其甲烷产率最高可达335mL/g,是未处理菌渣甲烷产率的2.2倍。     

微波-碱预处理对土霉素菌渣减量化效果研究

为了对土霉素菌渣进行减量化处理,采用微波-碱联合作用的方法,通过正交试验和单因素试验,考察了NaOH投加量、微波功率和含水率对悬浮固体(SS)去除率的影响。试验结果表明,最佳反应条件为NaOH投加量0.09g/g(质量分数),微波功率700 W和含水率96%,这时SS去除率达56%以上。通过扫描电镜对溶胞效果进行分析可知,该研究的土霉素菌渣减量化效果较好,可为抗生素菌渣减量化提供技术参考。     

基于氧化钙-加热法的剩余污泥蛋白质提取率及嗅味值的影响因素研究

目的 研究温度、pH、反应时间和含水率对剩余污泥蛋白质提取率及嗅味值的影响。方法 以污水厂剩余污泥为原料、氧化钙为药剂,采用联合加热的方法处置剩余污泥,采用单因素和正交试验的方法来分析蛋白质提取率、嗅味值与各个反应条件之间的关系。结果 氧化钙-加热法提取剩余污泥蛋白质的最优工艺条件：pH为13,反应时间为4 h,温度为100℃,含水率为90%,蛋白质提取率为63.47%,嗅味值为6;氧化钙-加热法提取剩余污泥蛋白质各因素作用大小依次为：pH、反应时间、温度、含水率;各因素对嗅味值影响大小依次为：温度、pH、含水率、反应时间。结论 氧化钙-加热法有利于污泥水解反应的进行,但在碱性条件下温度过高会加剧美拉德反应,释放更多的恶臭物质而提高嗅味值,不利于提取剩余污泥中蛋白质。     

从黄铜矿酸浸渣中回收硫磺的工艺研究

对黄铜矿酸浸渣中硫磺回收工艺进行研究,分析了浸取温度、反应时间、液固比、热分解温度、热分解时间等因素对硫磺回收率的影响.实验结果表明,在(NH4)2S浓度为2.0 mol/L、溶硫温度30℃、反应时间60 min、液固比8∶1、热分解温度90℃、时间90 min的条件下,采用硫化铵法回收硫磺,溶硫率达到96%左右,热分解提硫率达到94%以上.     

抗生素菌渣理化特性

以制药厂发酵土霉素、青霉素菌渣为研究对象,利用元素分析仪、原子吸收分光光度计、高效液相色谱仪以及差热-热重分析仪、氧弹热量计和傅里叶红外光谱仪分别对2种菌渣的理化特性进行分析。分析结果表明:菌渣中C,O元素含量较高,质量分数分别达到40%和30%以上,无机成分、重金属含量及多环芳烃含量均较低;菌渣中主要官能团为O—H和C—C,为蛋白质、纤维素等有机物质的特征官能团;菌渣的热解过程可分为3个阶段,第二阶段是热解的主要阶段,为挥发分的析出阶段,另外,土霉素菌渣和青霉素菌渣的热值分别为16.894MJ/kg和17.641MJ/kg。     

助溶酸浸硫铁矿烧渣的研究

采用常压下助溶酸浸的方法对提取硫铁矿烧渣中的铁进行了研究,得到硫铁矿烧渣中铁浸出率的影响因素及规律。结果表明,影响铁浸出率的主要因素为硫酸浓度、反应时间和温度、硫酸用量系数、助溶剂用量及热水用量;当硫酸用量系数为1.05、硫酸浓度为65%-70%、反应温度为125℃、反应时间为3-4 h、助溶剂用量为烧渣量的16%-20%、热水用量为烧渣量的1倍或1.8倍时,铁的浸出率可达95%以上。     

土霉素菌渣活性炭吸附处理低浓度含铬废水

采用活化法制备土霉素菌渣活性炭(菌渣炭),并用于处理低浓度含铬废水。经过组分测定可以看出土霉素菌渣含有较高的挥发分,灰分含量较低;元素分析中C、O元素的含量较高,表明土霉素菌渣含有大量的有机物和菌体蛋白;BET测得菌渣炭的比表面积、孔容和孔径都较大,通过扫描电镜可观察出菌渣炭具有较多的微孔和中孔,有利于对Cr(VI)定的吸附。通过单因素实验确定在初始Cr(VI)浓度为2mg/L时菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的最佳吸附pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间分别为4、0.5g/L、 50min, Cr(VI)的最高去除率为96.2%。热力学和动力学分析结果表明菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为17.93 mg/g,对Cr(VI)的吸附速率与吸附剂上未被占据的吸附位点的平方成正比。用1mol/L的HCl对菌渣炭进行洗脱再生,经过4次循环实验Cr(VI)的去除率为77.1%,剩余溶液中Cr(VI)浓度为0.459 mg/L,满足污水综合排放标准0.5 mg/L,菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为2.018 mg/g,表明菌渣炭的再生性能良好。     

绣球菌原生质体制备及再生条件的初步研究

为进一步改善绣球菌栽培特性、提高栽培产量,对绣球菌原生质体制备与再生条件进行了初步探索.以绣球菌原生质体再生量为指标,对等渗剂、酶反应温度、pH和反应时间等影响因素进行了优化.结果表明,采用2%的溶壁酶溶解绣球菌菌丝细胞壁,制备原生质体的最佳条件是,以0.6 mol/L蔗糖为等渗剂,在30℃、pH值6.0环境下反应3 h.在此条件下,原生质体的再生量为11 850个/mL.     

酶法浸提酿酒葡萄果渣中多酚的最优工艺

以酿酒后葡萄果渣为原料,50%的乙醇溶液为介质,加入纤维素酶和果胶酶后,可浸泡提取葡萄果渣中多酚类物质.在不同酶浓度、pH值、反应温度和反应时间下进行单因素试验和正交试验,探讨不同条件对产率的影响,获得最优工艺条件.结果表明,保持反应温度55℃,在pH 5的条件下,加入浓度为4.5mg/g的混合酶(纤维素酶和果胶酶混合比例为1︰2)反应120min即可获得最大产率,与同条件下的无酶反应相比,产率提高了25.56%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that