锌镍合金镀层的铬酸盐钝化

采用一种新的铬酸盐纯化处理方法，可进一步提高含镍量为１２％－１３％的锌镍合金镀层的化学稳定性，其耐蚀比未钝化的高５倍。研究了铬酸盐溶液成分及操作条件对钝化膜形成机理的影响，并对膜的耐蚀性与防护机理进行了探讨。     

表调/铬酸盐钝化复合膜腐蚀性能

通过实验研究了表调膜和涂敷型铬酸盐钝化膜的电化学特性及其耐蚀性,采用表面调整处理复合涂敷型铬酸盐钝化预处理技术有效地提高了彩涂板的耐蚀性,通过研究与分析,优选出表调(B3)/铬酸盐钝化(L3)复合膜(BL3),对提高彩涂板的耐蚀性效果明显.     

锌铝合金镀层表面低铬钝化膜的研究

探索了低浓度铬酸盐钝化处理在热浸镀锌铝合金镀层上的应用·采用盐雾试验、电化学腐蚀试验和人造海水浸泡试验对锌铝合金镀层表面低浓度铬酸盐钝化膜的耐蚀性进行了测试,并借助ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ对钝化膜的组成进行了分析·结果表明,锌铝合金镀层经低铬酸盐钝化处理后耐蚀性得到了显著提高,钝化膜的元素组成(原子数分数,％)为:Ｓ５－５,Ｎａ３－４,Ｃ１１－８,Ｔｉ７－９,Ｏ４１－６,Ｃｒ１３－７,Ｚｎ１６－０·     

表调/铬酸盐钝化复合膜对彩涂板性能的影响

通过实验研究了表调膜和涂敷型铬酸盐钝化膜及其复合膜对彩涂钢板粘附力和耐蚀性的影响,结果表明,采用酸性表面调整处理复合涂敷型铬酸盐钝化预处理技术生产高品质彩涂板是可行的。BL3复合膜膜层致密,且具有良好的附着力和耐蚀性。     

表调/铬酸盐钝化复合膜对彩涂板性能的影响

通过实验研究了表调膜和涂敷型铬酸盐钝化膜及其复合膜对彩涂钢板粘附力和耐蚀性的影响,结果表明,采用酸性表面调整处理复合涂敷型铬酸盐钝化预处理技术生产高品质彩涂板是可行的.BL3复合膜膜层致密,且具有良好的附着力和耐蚀性.     

镀锌层军绿色钝化工艺研究

采用铬酐、磷酸二氢钠、硫酸氢钠、OP-10为主要原料,加入合适的添加剂XY-03B,研究成功了一种锌镀层军绿色钝化工艺,探讨了主要成分和工艺条件对钝化膜质量的影响,检测了钝化膜的有关性能,结果表明:所形成的钝化膜为军绿色,膜层光亮鲜艳,附着力好,装饰性好,耐蚀性好,主要性能指标与铬酸盐彩色钝化膜相当.且钝化液稳定,可调性好,钝化液使用寿命长,生产成本低,因而具有较高的应用价值.     

提高化学镀铜层表面性能的方法探讨

用化学氧化及苯并三氮唑（ＢＴＡ）钝化处理的方法来提高化学镀铜层的表面抗氧化、耐腐蚀和耐磨性能。并与铬酸盐钝化处理方法进行了对比，得出ＢＴＡ可取代铬酸盐的钝化处理方法；化学氧化处理略逊于ＢＴＡ或铬酸盐钝化处理方法。此外，对化学氧化和ＢＴＡ钝化处理方法的机理也进行了探讨。     

镀锌钢上钼酸盐/硅烷复合膜的组成与耐蚀性

分别采用一步法和两步法在热镀锌钢板表面获得钼酸盐/硅烷复合膜,通过X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、俄歇电子能谱剥层分析(AES)、盐雾腐蚀试验(NSS)及Tafel极化曲线等对两种复合膜的化学成分和耐蚀性能进行了研究,并将它们与单独的钼酸盐转化膜、硅烷膜进行对比.结果表明:一步法和两步法制备的复合膜具有相似的双层结构,内层以钼酸盐转化膜(含O、Mo、Zn、P)为主,外层以硅烷膜(含C、O、Si)为主,内外层之间及膜与锌基体之间的化学成分呈梯度变化;与单独的钼酸盐膜、硅烷膜相比,两种复合膜对腐蚀的阴极过程的抑制明显增强,自腐蚀电流减小至单层膜的1/5以下,耐蚀性显著提高;两步法制备的复合膜耐蚀性超过常规铬酸盐钝化膜,而一步法制备的复合膜的耐蚀性比由两步法制备的稍差,但仍接近常规铬酸盐钝化膜.     

增强不锈钢表面耐蚀性的研究进展

不锈钢是使用范围广泛且环保的一种耐蚀材料,但不锈钢在空气中自钝化形成的氧化膜的耐蚀性不佳,因此后续钝化处理是提高不锈钢表面耐蚀性的重要方法.本文综述了提高不锈钢表面耐蚀方法的研究进展.介绍不锈钢的钝化机理、硝酸钝化方法与柠檬酸钝化方法的最佳工艺.总结动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、Mott-Schottky曲线、循环伏安法和磨损-电化学腐蚀共五种不锈钢钝化膜耐蚀性测试方法.梳理塑性变形对不锈钢耐蚀性的影响,强调适度的塑性变形能够提高不锈钢耐蚀性.展望不锈钢钝化处理及塑性变形增强不锈钢钝化效应的研究趋势.     

镀锌层无铬钛盐的蓝色钝化

探讨了镀锌层钛盐溶液钝化替代传统的铬酸盐镀锌层蓝色钝化的工艺和形成蓝色钝化膜的机理.通过对镀锌层钛盐溶液pH值、温度和钝化时间的优选试验,获得了色泽均匀、耐腐蚀性能优良的蓝色镀锌钝化膜层.蓝色镀锌钝化膜表面成分分析的结果表明:钛盐溶液获得的钝化膜主要成分为Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·2H2O,SiO2,TiO2和ZnO等.受钛盐溶液pH值、温度和钝化时间的影响,镀锌钝化膜的外观色泽(从蓝色向彩色)、膜层表面微观形貌、成分和耐腐蚀性能均发生变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-