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Observations of ball lightning have been reported for centuries, but the origin of this phenomenon remains an enigma. The 'average' ball lightning appears as a sphere with a diameter of 300 mm, a lifetime of about 10 s, and a luminosity similar to a 100-W lamp. It floats freely in the air, and ends either in an explosion, or by simply fading from view. It almost invariably occurs during stormy weather. Several energy sources have been proposed to explain the light, but none of these models has succeeded in explaining all of the observed characteristics. Here we report a model that potentially accounts for all of those properties, and which has some experimental support. When normal lightning strikes soil, chemical energy is stored in nanoparticles of Si, SiO or SiC, which are ejected into the air as a filamentary network. As the particles are slowly oxidized in air, the stored energy is released as heat and light. We investigated this basic process by exposing soil samples to a lightning-like discharge, which produced chain aggregates of nanoparticles: these particles oxidize at a rate appropriate for explaining the lifetime of ball lightning. 相似文献
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为了实现闪电定位中定位误差及探测效率评估的自动化,从时差法闪电定位原理出发,分析了闪电定位原理存在的问题及其定位的误差来源。采用计算机模拟的方法,实现了对闪电的定位误差及探测效率的定量评估。以安徽省闪电定位网为例,说明了利用评估软件可以对已有的闪电定位网络作出有效的定位误差评估。分析了几种不同几何分布的布站效果,给出了几种基本布站模型,为将要布设的闪电定位网布站方案的提出提供选址依据。 相似文献
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建筑群的雷击选择性分析及直击雷防护 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以电气几何模型的滚球法为理论依据,分析建筑物雷击点的选择性,定性推导建筑群之间的相互屏蔽性,总结建筑群直击雷防护的一些措施,为直击雷的防护提供更加合理和有效的方法. 相似文献
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利用云南省2008年雷电定位网监测的地闪资料和全省16个州(市)的雷电灾害资料,对云南省2008年雷电活动及雷电灾害的时空分布特征进行分析.结果表明:2008年云南雷电活动频繁且持续时间较长,滇西南雷电日最多且开始较早结束较晚;2008年全省平均地闪密度值较高,负地闪占绝对优势,正地闪比例随季节呈现先减小后增大特征;负地闪电流的空间分布与密度分布具有负相关特征,正地闪电流表现为北部电流高于南部;雷电灾害的特征是滇西南、滇中为雷电灾害事故和雷灾造成人员伤亡人数最多区域,滇西北最少;雷电灾害事故主要发生在6~9月;5:00~12:00是雷电活动和雷电灾害相对较少时段;16:00~22:00是雷电活动和雷灾频发时段;2008年我省雷电灾害的频繁程度并不完全取决于雷电活动分布、人口密度和经济发展状况,而可能与更多的因素有关. 相似文献
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Bidirectional propagation of lightning leader 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Caiwei Wang Muhong Yan Xinsheng Liu Yijun Zhang Wansheng Dong Cuihua Zhang 《科学通报(英文版)》1999,44(2):163-163
The characteristics of initial leader of triggered lightning flashes are studied by use of a highspeed digital camera system with the rate of 1 000 frame per second and simultaneous measurements of current and electric field change with 0.1 μS time resolution. The results show that the altitude-triggered lightning was initiated by bidirectional propagation leader because of "current interruption" by air gap, whereas the grounded-triggered one was not. The onset of downward-moving positive leader was prior to that of the upward-going negative leader for 843 ms in an altitude-triggered lightning under the positive ambient electric field. The downward-moving leader, regardless of its polarity, would produce in-homogeneous distribution of luminosity (current) along the channel on the moment of connection to the ground. 相似文献
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虞昊 《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,41(6):7-10
富兰克林 (Franklin)避雷针的二次雷击效应对信息技术设备的危害极大 ,对直击雷限流是当今防雷工程研究极有实际价值的课题。运用麦克斯韦 (Maxwell)电磁场理论 ,着重于场的观念及高频电磁波的弥散与光波的色散的一致性 ,对闪电过程和防直击雷机理作了分析 ,并与实验结果相吻合 ,从而阐明 :电感型限流接闪体取代 Franklin接闪针是可行的很有价值的一种防直击雷方法 ,可大大削弱二次雷击作用 ,适应当前信息防雷之需 相似文献
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为了更好的利用闪电资料和雷达回波资料来对雷电进行临近预警,本文以深圳地区2012年4月一次强飑线过程为例,分析该次过程中的闪电活动与雷达回波特征,发现地闪分布与雷达回波强度之间表现出很好的对应关系。因此,本文采用TITAN(Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting)算法对这次强风暴过程中40dBZ以上的强回波区进行识别、跟踪和外推,并与闪电高密度区域的识别、跟踪和外推结果进行对比分析。结果表明:TITAN算法识别效果理想,且识别结果与单体的发展旺盛程度有关;另外,雷达强回波区和闪电高密度区的外推精度与外推开始时刻、外推时间的长短有关;利用闪电高密度区进行外推时,外推的质心误差小于雷达强回波区的外推质心误差。 相似文献
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通过对玉树州曲麻莱气象局的土壤水分自动站雷击事故的调查,分析了该系统遭受雷击的原因,以曲麻莱气象局土壤水分自动站雷击故障为借鉴,提出农气土壤水分自动站的土壤水分数据采集系统雷电防护的方法和措施,以达到该系统防雷的目的. 相似文献