Microdissection of chromosome 7B of common wheat and cloning of low-copy specific DNA sequences

The 7B chromosome of common wheat was microdissected from pollen mother cells of the 7B monosomic line of common wheat cv. Chinese Spring (CS). After proteinase K and DNA topoisomerase Ⅰ treatments, the isolated chromosomes were subjected to 1-3 rounds of DOP-PCR amplification, which produced continuous DNA fragments ranging from 150 to 700 bp. Ge-nomic Southern hybridization confirmed that the PCR products were originated from the wheat genome. Cloning of portion ( > 200 bp) of the 3rd round DOP-PCR products (50 μL) could generate about 20 000 recombinant clones. Characterization of 50 randomly chosen clones indicated that 21 clones produced discrete PCR products with the size of 240-600 bp. Dot-blot hybridization showed that among the 21 clones, 11 ( ～ 55%) were of low-copy nature while 10 ( ～ 45%) were repetitive. Southern hybridization with the complete set of the CS "nullisomic-tetrasomic (NT)" lines demonstrated that all the 6 low-copy clones were specific to either chromosome 7B or the 7th homoeologous group, whereas the 3 arbitrarily chosen repetitive clones were non-specific, disperse sequences.     

人染色体17q12区雨330kb范围内表达顺序的筛选

用定位于人染色体17q12区带的长约330kbYAC克隆500D09（取自法国人类多态性研究中心YAC库）作为杂交探针，筛选人骨髓、胎脑、胎肾、骨骼肌和睾丸等五种组织的cDNA库（2×105～3×105pfu／库），从中获得102个初级阳性克隆．初级克隆经PCR扩增，分别与人基因组DNA、酵母基因组DNA和人rDNA探针作dotblot杂交分析，排除其中假阳性克隆后，复筛得到32个候选克隆．对其中2个候选克隆B4511和S5511分别测定143bp和147bp序列．经查新和同源性分析，这两个片段与已知基因的同源性均小于50％，提示它们可能是来自于新基因的表达顺序．     

黄鳝的红细胞观察及其DNA含量

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜首次对黄鳝红细胞进行系统观察.结果表明:成熟红细胞呈椭圆形,红细胞平均长、短径分别为(13.05±1.85)μm、(8.95±1.08)μm,平均体积为(547.29±26.07)μm3,红细胞核位于细胞中央,近椭圆形,核平均长、短径分别为(4.45±0.75)μm、(3.60±0.48)μm,平均体积为(30.29±2.07)μm3;黄鳝红细胞核的DNA含量平均为3.25pg.     

On the similarity/dissimilarity of DNA sequences based on 4D graphical representation

In this paper,we propose a new 4D graphical representation of DNA primary sequences based on the Z-curve theory.The advantage of our approach is that it has the similar biological significance with the Z-curve,and it does not lose any biological information of the sequence.The geometrical centers of the 4D graphical representation of DNA sequences are used as the numerical characterizations,and the examination of similarities/dissimilarities about the coding sequences of the first exon of β-globin genes of ...     

线性复杂度为2~n-2~m的2~n周期二元序列的4(或5)错误序列

线性复杂度和k错误线性复杂度是衡量密钥流序列随机性的两个重要标准.一条安全性强的序列不仅要有较高的线性复杂度和k错线误性复杂度,对数值较小的k,还应有较少的k错误序列.对k=4,5,讨论了线性复杂度为2n-2m的2n周期二元序列s的k错误序列的个数.     

New ancient DNA sequences suggest high genetic diversity for the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)

Partial DNA sequences of cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) were successfully retrieved from Late Pleistocene fossil bone of Mammuthus primigenius collected from the Xiguitu County (Yakeshi), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and from Zhaodong, Harbin of Heilongjiang Province in northern China. Two ancient DNA fragments (109 bp and 124 bp) were authenticated by reproducible experiments in two different laboratories and by phylogenetic analysis with other Elephantidae taxa. Phylogenetic analysis using these sequences and published data in either separate or combined datasets indicate unstable relationship among the woolly mammoth and the two living elephants, Elephas and Loxodonta. In addition to the short sequences used to attempt the long independent evolution of Elephantidae terminal taxa, we suggest that a high intra-specific diversity existed in Mammuthus primigenius crossing both spatial and temporal ranges, resulting in a complex and divergent genetic background for DNA sequences so far recovered. The high genetic diversity in the extinct woolly mammoth can explain the apparent instability of Elephantidae taxa on the molecular phylogenetic trees and can reconcile the apparent paradox regarding the unresolved Elephantidae trichotomy.     

New ancient DNA sequences suggest high genetic diversity for the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)

Partial DNA sequences of cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) were successfully retrieved from Late Pleistocene fossil bone of Mammuthus primigenius collected from the Xiguitu County (Yakeshi), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and from Zhaodong, Harbin of Heilongjiang Province in northern China. Two ancient DNA fragments (109 bp and 124 bp) were authenticated by reproducible experiments in two different laboratories and by phylogenetic analysis with other Elephantidae taxa. Phylogenetic analysis using these sequences and published data in either separate or combined datasets indicate unstable relationship among the woolly mammoth and the two living elephants, Elephas and Loxodonta. In addition to the short sequences used to attempt the long independent evolution of Elephantidae terminal taxa, we suggest that a high intra-specific diversity existed in Mammuthus primigenius crossing both spatial and temporal ranges, resulting in a complex and divergent genetic background for DNA sequences so far recovered. The high genetic diversity in the extinct woolly mammoth can explain the apparent instability of Elephantidae taxa on the molecular phylogenetic trees and can reconcile the apparent paradox regarding the unresolved Elephantidae trichotomy.     

家蚕染色体的C-带及其扫描电镜的初步研究

以家蚕早期胚为材料，对有丝分裂染色体进行了C-带的研究以及扫描电镜的观察．结果表明大多数分裂相都显示染色体上有C-带，其中4条染色体上常有C-带深染；性染色体中Z染色体亚端部普遍显示有C-带．表明家蚕染色体C-带可能属于非着丝粒型C-带，与其弥散型着丝粒理论相辅．     

日本鳗鲡胰蛋白酶的分离纯化及性质分析

通过硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换柱层析、Phenyl-Sepharose疏水柱层析、Sephacryl S-200凝胶过滤柱层析等方法,从日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）肝胰腺中分离纯化得到胰蛋白酶,SDS-PAGE显示其分子质量为21.5 ku。以Boc-Phe-Ser-Arg-MCA为底物,胰蛋白酶最适温度和最适pH值分别为40 ℃和8.5。动力学实验表明,Km值和kcat值分别为3.1 μmol/L和59.9 s-1。丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂Pefabloc SC、PMSF、benzamidine、STI等对其有特异抑制效果。底物特异性结果显示,该酶特异分解Arg和Lys残基的C端。肽质量指纹图谱获得5个片段,共76个氨基酸残基,与基因文库中的日本鳗鲡胰蛋白酶氨基酸序列完全相同。说明本研究所纯化的蛋白质为胰蛋白酶。     

团花树皮的环烯醚萜类成分

从团花树皮中分离得到６个环烯醚萜类化合物,根据光谱数据和理化性质鉴定它们的结构分别为马钱素甙元（Ｉ）,马钱素（Ⅱ）,马钱酸（Ⅲ）８－表金吉甙（Ⅳ）当药甙（Ｖ）,３′－Ｏ咖啡酰当药甙（Ⅵ）其中Ｉ～Ⅴ均为首次从该植物中分离得到,Ⅵ为新化合物。     

团花树皮的吲哚生物碱成分

从团花树皮中分离得到６个吲哚类生物碱成分，根据光谱数据和理化性质鉴定它们的结构为ｖａｌｌｅｓｉａｃｈｏｔａｍｉｎｅ（Ｉ），ｉｓｏｖａｌｌｅｓｉａｃｈｏｔａｍｉｎｅ（Ⅱ），ｓｔｒｉｃｔｏｓａｍｉｄｅ（Ⅲ），ｃａｄａｍｂｉｎｅ（Ⅳ），ｄｅｓｏｘｙｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｌｉｎｅ（Ⅴ），５αｃａｒｂｏｘｙｓｔｒｉｃｔｏｓｉｄｉｎｅ（Ⅵ），这些化合物除Ⅳ外，其余均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

尼罗罗非鱼雌性性腺关键LncRNA的鉴定和表达分析

生殖细胞的分化与发育是硬骨鱼类性别分化的重要环节,并受到遗传和环境2个因素的影响.为研究LncRNA在硬骨鱼类卵母细胞发育以及性别分化中的作用,课题组通过转录组测序获得了尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)雌、雄性腺中呈现差异表达的LncRNA,并选取LncRNA(TCONS_02477925)开展研究.发现该LncRNA具有2个外显子,属于典型的基因间LncRNA(Intergenic LncRNA),转录本全长1 537 nt,基因组定位于19号连锁群(Linkage Group 19,LG19)上,并且该基因在卵巢的表达水平显著高于精巢.荧光原位杂交结果表明,该LncRNA主要表达在I和II时相的卵母细胞的细胞质中.转录组测序结果及生物信息学分析发现,qrsl1和rtn4ip1可能是该LncRNA的cis靶基因,并且2个靶基因在卵巢中表达丰度较高.因此,本研究表明该LncRNA在罗非鱼卵母细胞发育和性别分化中可能有重要的作用.     

中国赫坎按蚊种团四种按蚊的幼虫唾腺染色体比较研究

对赫坎按蚊种团内中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊、贵阳按蚊、昆明按蚊的幼虫唾腺染色体游离端特征作了比较研究．结果显示，嗜人按蚊与其它３种按蚊亲缘关系较远，为独立种；昆明按蚊、贵阳按蚊与中华按蚊亲缘关系较近，但仍为独立种．贵阳按蚊、昆明按蚊的幼虫唾腺染色体图系首次报道．     

铝-4d过渡族金属二聚体的第一性原理计算

【目的】过渡族金属与铝之间的化学成键特性是化学与材料等领域的基础,对铝-4 d过渡族金属二聚体的物理性能进行研究。【方法】用密度泛函B3LYP方法计算铝-4 d过渡族金属二聚体的键长、振动频率、解离能、电离势、能隙和二极矩。【结果】对中性和荷电的二聚体,除AlMo、AlNb+和AlMo+外其键长从AlY到AlPd先减少后增加,解离能和振动频率的变化趋势与之相反。电离势随原子序数的递增先增加,在AlRh处达到极大值后减少。除AlTc的振动频率外,计算结果与已有的实验结果和其他的理论计算结果相符。计算结果还显示除AlCd外,前过渡族金属与铝的结合强度比后过渡族金属的结合要强。荷电二聚体的自旋多重度比相应的中性二聚体差±1。带正电的二聚体的键长比中性和带负电的二聚体的键长要长,荷电二聚体的解离能大于中性二聚体的解离能,解离方式为AlX+→X+Al+和AlX-→Al+X-。     

Phylogenetic studies of the core Alismatales inferred from morphology and rbcL sequences

The phylogeny of Alismatales remains an area of deep uncertainty, with different arrangements being found in studies that examined various subsets of genes and taxa. Herein we conducted separate and combined analyses of 103 morphological characters and 52 rbcL sequences to explore the controversial phylogenies of the families. Congruence between the two data sets was explored by computingseveral indices. Morphological data sets contain poor phylogenetic signals. The homology of morphological characters was tested based on the total evidence of phylogeny. The incongruence between DNA and morphological results; the hypothesis of the ‘Cymodoceaceae complex’; the relationships between Najadaceae and Hydrocharitaceae; the intergeneric relationships of Hydrocharitaceae; and the evolutionary convergence of morphological characters were analyzed and discussed.     

丢番图方程y(y+1)(y+2)=2x(x+1)(x+2)的整数解

证明丢番图方程y(y 1)(y 2)=dx(x 1)(x 2)的所有整数解满足max{︱x︱,︱y︱}相似文献   

某种双圈图的L（2，1）一标号的岛序列

通过构造洞指数p（G）≥1的一类双圈连通图得到了容许至少两个不同岛序列的连通图．     

应用PCR—SSCP技术从显微切割的人染色体17q11—12探针池批量分离单拷贝片段的研究

将ＤＮＡ单链构象多态（ＳＳＣＰ）检测的原理，应用于“显微切割的人染色体１７ｑ１１—１２探针池”批量分离单拷贝片段，取得了很好效果。从筛选出的７４个次级单拷贝中有效地鉴定出３７个非同源的单拷贝片段。这比传统的仅限于长度比较而确认的非同源单拷贝片段（１２个）多出２５个．其中部分已经ＤＮＡ测序证实。结果提示：采用ＳＳＣＰ技术区分相似分子量单拷贝片段的同源性，可显著地提高从“显微切割探针池”分离和克隆非同源单拷贝片段的效率。本文还将一部分单拷贝片段作为探讨，与人基因组ＤＮＡ的限制性片段作Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交，结果均只显示单一杂交带，说明单拷贝ＤＮＡ片段的结论是可靠的。     

药用植物山豆根的染色体核型观察

采用根尖压片法制片镜检观察药用植物山豆根(Sophora tonkinensisGapnep.)体细胞染色体数目,并进行核型分析。结果发现山豆根的染色体数为2n=18,未发现非整倍性变异和多倍现象,也未发现B染色体,核型公式为K(2n)=18m,按Stebbins的核型分类标准,属于1A类型。