心房钠尿肽在大鼠肾缺血-再灌注损伤中的体外抗氧化作用研究

目的：探讨心房钠尿肽在大鼠肾缺血-再灌注损伤中的体外抗氧化作用。方法：建立大鼠肾缺血-再灌注模型,测定心房钠尿肽温浴处理前后各组肾组织匀浆液中SOD活性和MDA含量变化。结果：肾组织匀浆液中MDA含量在实验组显著低于实验对照组（P值〈0．05）,SOD活性无明显变化。结论：心房钠尿肽直接清除缺血-再灌注损伤中生成的MDA,对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤有一定抗氧化保护作用。     

SMAO休克兔肠组织气体分子及形态学的动态变化观察

目的:观察肠系膜上动脉夹闭性休克(SMAO休克)过程兔肠组织一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化碳(CO)、硫化氢(H2S)的动态变化.方法:将40只新西兰大耳白兔随机分为5组:假手术组、缺血60 min组(I组)、缺血60 min再灌注30 min组(I/R30 min组)、缺血60 min再灌注60 min组(I/R60 min组)、缺血60 min再灌注120 min组(I/R120 min组),每组8只.检测肠源性休克过程各组兔动脉血压及肠组织气体分子(NO,CO,H2S)及形态学的动态变化.结果:肠组织NO含量在再灌注组明显增高,且随着再灌注时间的延长增高(p0.01);CO含量在I组明显增高(p0.01),再灌注30 min达到最高值,之后随再灌注时间的延长有所降低(p0.01);H2S含量在I组明显降低(p0.01),而再灌注各组明显增高(p0.01),再灌注60 min达到最高值,而再灌注120 min有所降低(p0.01).肠组织病理学结果显示,肠缺血组可见大量炎性渗出物,脱落的上皮细胞,上皮细胞肿胀,黏膜下血管充血、扩张明显;肠缺血再灌注组损伤明显加重,可见多处出血与坏死.结论:肠源性休克致肠屏障损伤,内毒素移位,随着再灌注时间的延长引起肠组织NO,CO和H2S的动态变化,造成机体损伤加重.     

木芙蓉叶有效组分对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

为了探讨木芙蓉叶有效组分 (MFR)对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤中的作用 ,采用大鼠肾缺血再灌注模型 ,木芙蓉叶有效组分灌胃给药 ,观察血清尿素氮 (BUN)、肌酐 (Scr)及肾组织病理变化 ,并检测白细胞介素 - 1(IL- 1 )的含量。结果再灌注 2 4 h后 ,治疗组血 BUN及 Scr明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;治疗组血液 IL- 1含量与非治疗组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而且治疗组肾组织病理损伤较非治疗组明显减轻。木芙蓉叶有效组分对肾缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用 ,其原因可能与抑制 IL- 1等的生成有关     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶在大鼠肾脏缺血预处理第二窗的保护作用

目的：观察肾脏缺血预处理对缺血／再灌注损伤的第二窗保护作用，探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的作用机制。方法：对大鼠肾动脉进行4次循环的5min夹闭／5min放开造成缺血预处理，24h后进行45min夹闭／24h放开造成缺血／再灌注损伤模型。观察缺血预处理后缺血／再灌注的大鼠血清肌苷、尿素氮变化，Paller法评分观察肾组织损伤情况；检测缺血预处理后血清一氧化氮(NO)及肾组织iNOS活性的变化。结果：缺血预处理能显著降低缺血／再灌注损伤时血清肌苷、尿素氮水平，减轻肾组织损伤程度；氨基胍能阻断缺血预处理的第二窗保护作用；缺血预处理后24h血清NO及肾组织iNOS活性升高。结论：缺血预处理对缺血／再灌注损伤有第二窗保护作用，此作用可能与缺血预处理后iNOS活性升高生成的NO有关。     

SMAO休克过程兔肾组织NO、CO、H_2S的动态变化观察

目的——观察肠系膜上动脉夹闭性休克（SMAO休克）过程兔肾组织中一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化碳（CO）、硫化氢（H2S）的动态变化。方法——随机取40只新西兰大耳白兔分为5组：假手术组、缺血60min组（I组）、缺血60min再灌注30min组（I/R30min组）、缺血60min再灌注60min组（I/R60min组）、缺血60min再灌注120min组（I/R120min组）,每组8只。检测SMAO休克过程各组兔肾组织NO、CO、H2S的动态变化。结果与假手术组相比,I组肾组织匀浆NO含量明显增高,再灌注后NO降低（P〈0.01）;实验各组肾组织匀浆CO均降低（P〈0.01）;I组的肾组织匀浆H2S含量明显增高（P〈0.01）,再灌注30min达到最高,之后逐渐降低（P〈0.01）。结论——SMAO休克致内毒素血症,随着再灌注时间的延长肾组织中NO、CO和H2S的动态变化,参与了肾脏的损害。     

菟丝子醇提液对大鼠离体心缺血再灌注损伤保护作用

研究菟丝子提取液对大鼠离体心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用.取30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和菟丝子醇提液(CCLE)组,用langendorff逆行恒压灌流方法,结扎大鼠主动脉20 min,再灌注45 min,建立大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤模型,观察菟丝子醇提液对缺血再灌注过程中左室发展压(LVDP)、左心室内压最大上升/下降速率(±dp/dtmax)、冠脉流量(CF)和心率(HR)等心功能指标,以及心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果表明,与模型组相比,菟丝子提取液改善离心脏血再灌注损伤时LVDP、+dp/dtmx、-dp/dtmin的恢复;提高SOD的活性,减少MDA含量.菟丝子提取液有抗大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用,可能与其抗氧化活性有关.     

生姜醇提取物对家兔肝脏缺血——再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨生姜醇提取物对家兔肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：健康家兔18只,随机均分为3组：假手术正常对照组（C组,n=6）;肝脏缺血再灌注损伤模型组（IR组,n=6）;生姜醇提取物干预组（ZGB组,n=6）（1．4g／kg）。检测肝组织丙二醛含量、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶活性及血清谷丙转氨酶含量。光镜下比较各组肝组织损伤情况。结果：肝缺血再灌注模型组ALT、MDA含量明显高于假手术正常对照组（P〈0．05）,GSH—Px活力则降低（P〈0．05）;生姜醇提取物干预组ALT,MDA含量均明显低于肝缺血再灌注模型组（P〈0．05）,而GSH—Px活力高于肝缺血再灌注模型组（P〈0．05）;光镜下生姜醇提取物干预组肝细胞损伤程度较肝缺血再灌注模型组轻。结论：生姜醇提取物对家兔肝脏缺血再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

人硫氧还蛋白对脑缺血作用的CT灌注与SOD相关性的实验研究

目的研究人硫氧还蛋白(hTRX)对局灶性兔脑缺血/再灌注损伤后脑组织的保护作用,并探讨其清除氧自由基的生物学活性.方法采用线栓法制成一侧兔脑缺血/再灌注模型(栓塞6 h,再灌注18 h),将25只雄性新西兰白兔随机分成假手术组(Sham组,5只)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组,10只)和缺血/再灌注 hTRX治疗组(I/R hTRX组,10只),I/R hTRX组给予hTRX(0.75 mg/kg体质量),Sham组、I/R组以等容积的生理盐水取代hTRX;分别于梗死后6 h及再灌注后18 h做CT灌注图像,观察脑梗死面积,计算出其所占同侧大脑半球面积的百分比(HLA%);检测脑组织匀浆中SOD,MDA含量.结果脑缺血/再灌注后,脑梗死范围显著,脑组织匀浆中SOD明显下降,MDA明显升高(与假手术组比较,P<0.01);而应用hTRX能显著减小脑梗死面积,降低MDA及升高SOD含量(与B组比较,P<0.01).结论重组hTRX对脑缺血/再灌注损伤有显著的治疗作用.     

低温条件下山莨菪碱对缺血再灌注损伤期肾内前列腺素的影响

目的：研究低温条件下山莨菪三兔肾缺血再灌注损伤期肾内前列腺素的影响及肾功能的保护作用。方法：在兔肾缺血再灌注损伤模型上,分别 检测假手术（无缺血组）、对照组（缺血再灌注损伤组）、山莨菪硷治疗组、低温治疗组低温条件下山莨菪碱组缺前和恢复血液灌注２４h的肾组织血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）,６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Keto-PGF1α）的含量以及检测各组恢复血液灌注２４h各组血肌酐）ＳＣr)、尿素氯（ＢuN）含量。结果：山莨菪 硷组和低温组、低温条件下山莨菪碱治疗组ＴＸＢ、６－Keto-PGF1α、血肌酐（ＳCr),、尿素氮（ＢuN）及６－Keto-PGF1α／ＴＸＢ２（Ｋ／Ｔ）与对照组相比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,低温条件下山莨菪碱治疗组优于山菪硷组和低温（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论菪硷 与低低温改善肾内前列环素（ＰＧＩ２（）－血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）平衡紊乱,对兔肾缺血再灌注损伤均有一定的保护作用。低温条件下山莨菪碱更能够有效纠正肾内ＰＧＩ２－ＴＸＡ２平衡紊乱,改善肾内微循环,明显优于山劳苦 硷或低温单独应用。     

氯沙坦和卡托普利对兔心肌缺血再灌注诱导内皮细胞损伤影响的比较

目的对比观察氯沙坦和卡托普利对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤内皮细胞的保护作用。方法结扎兔左冠状动脉前降支制作心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,随机分为空白对照组、缺血再灌注组、氯沙坦组和卡托普利组。氯沙坦组和卡托普利组在心肌缺血前10min分别给予氯沙坦和卡托普利。观察各组缺血再灌注过程中心电图的动态改变,以及氯沙坦和卡托普利对血管性血友病因子、丙二醛和血清一氧化氮含量的影响心肌组织的结构,及氯沙坦组损伤兔血浆及心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ的水平。结果缺血再灌注组、氯沙坦组和卡托普利组均造成明显的心电图动态改变,与空白对照组比较,氯沙坦组和卡托普利组心电图ST段出现有效改变。缺血再灌注组和氯沙坦组血浆和心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ水平呈时间依赖性升高,血管性血友病因子活性和丙二醛水平较缺血再灌注组显著降低,而血清一氧化氮水平明显提高。结论氯沙坦和卡托普利均能对心肌缺血再灌注损伤内皮细胞有明显的保护作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with