系统生物学:系统科学与生物体系统

对近年涌现出来的生物体系统研究新思路———系统生物学进行了概述,简要叙述了系统生物学出现的背景、研究内容和研究方法,以及与生物体系统其他研究方法之间的联系与区别,并提出了对系统生物学进一步研究的意见.     

Soft Systems Methodology and Systems Maintenance

Business systems maintenance represents a large proportion of the work of IT staff in most organizations. Many methodologies relevant to IT concentrate on systems development and give little attention to systems maintenance. In this paper we discuss the relevance and benefits of the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to systems maintenance. Payroll administration is then used to provide an outline illustration of the use of SSM for systems maintenance projects. Aspects of the use of SSM for systems maintenance projects are also discussed.     

系统隐喻、系统方法论的系统体系及全面系统干预

本文分析了系统概念和系统工程方法论,并对系统概念及系统方法论的新进展系统隐喻、系统方法论的系统体系及全面系统干预方法论作了评介.     

系统、仿真系统及其理论

主要从基本理论、基本概念、基本方法、演变规律的角度,回顾、分析论述了系统、系统理论、原始系统、仿真系统、相似理论与系统仿真组合理论的基本内容、相互关联和发展概况,从而引出相应结论.     

模糊随机系统

本文研究和分析了确定性系统、随机系统和模糊系统的共同性质以及它们之间的联系, 抽出这些系统的共同特性, 给出了模糊随机系统的一般性定义, 并且导出各种系统。证明了模糊随机系统以确定性系统、随机系统和模糊系统作为其特例。最后展望了模糊随机系统理论的应用前景。     

面向对象经理信息系统的系统分析方法

面向对象经理信息系统的分析过程是标识对象描述问题空间、表示用户需求和系统功能的过程.以问题空间分析、用户需求分析和需求描述分析3个阶段从不同的角度分析并标识对象,整个对象标识过程是一个渐进及对系统中对象不断扩充完善的过程,后一阶段不仅是对前一阶段的补充,而且是对前一阶段所标识对象的检验.在对象标识的基础上,建立起面向对象经理信息系统的分析模型--系统的对象关系模型和对象字典.     

决策支持系统同专家系统的集成研究

决策支持系统（ＤＳＳ）和专家系统（ＥＳ）是计算机应用领域里以支持决策问题求解为目标、以改善决策过程为目的的两个迅速发展的重要分支。如何将ＤＳＳ同ＥＳ集成以为决策者提供一个更易于接受的，更有效的，领域独立的信息、计算和决策环境，便成为一项开拓性的工作。本文讨论了ＤＳＳ和ＥＳ的异同之处，阐述了ＤＳＳ同ＥＳ集成的优点，并给出了ＤＳＳ同ＥＳ集成的三种结构形式。本文最后指出了ＤＳＳ同ＥＳ集成研究今后应注意的几个问题。     

Systems engineering research

In this paper, we propose selected research topics that are believed central to progress and growth in the application of systems engineering （SE）. As a professional activity, and as an intellectual activity, systems engineering has strong links to such associated disciplines as decision analysis, operation research, project management, quality management, and systems design. When focussing on systems engineering research, we should distinguish between subjects that are of systems engineering essence and others that more closely correspond to those that are more relevant for related disciplines.     

相似系统工程

基于相似学和相似系统理论，本文研究了相似系统工程的概念及其含义。相似系统工程主要研究一切与系统相似性有关的科学技术和组织管理实践问题。认为相似系统工程的主要特点是：１．将自然系统优化原理应用于工程实践，在人造系统中实现与自然系统中存在的某些相似特性；２．运用已知相似规律和一定系统已知优秀特性及经验或技术方法，成功应用于另一系统中，设计、组建和管理新的相似系统。结合工程实践，探讨了相似系统工程实践应用的原理与方法，以及向相似工程学发展的前景。     

Meditations on Systems Thinking, Spiritual Systems, and Deep Ecology

This paper is written for a broad general readership. It presents a prismatic reflection on systemic thinking, Buddhist philosophy, and deep ecology, with the objective of shedding light on world problems and understanding their gravity. Such an inquiry constitutes a formidable spearhead for the betterment of the world, guiding us towards holism, and moving us away from the partial, fragmented, compartmentalized thinking that is prevalent today. Although no deliberate attempt is made to articulate solutions to specific problems, a brief account of current socially engaged action is described.     

Systems Thinking and Systems Practice: Working in the Fifth Dimension

This paper describes how a messy organizational problem was tackled using a systems approach which led to a resolution of the problem and to an improvement in the working relationships of the people involved. The example also shows how people who are not familiar with systems thinking, as such, can quickly be helped to develop a shared systemic view of a complex situation using activity modeling. At a deeper level, the paper also shows how the underlying dynamics of the problem situation was altered as a result of using a cooperative, dialogical working method, leading to an improvement in the quality of service provided by that part of the organization. The paper uses Peter Senge's five disciplines of a learning organization, together with various systems concepts, as a framework for describing how the process of change was brought about through the simultaneous management of task and social processes, leading to both individual and organizational learning.     

复杂生产系统的平行管理方法与案例

为实现复杂生产系统的综合管理目标,提出了平行管理理论,即构建与生产系统相一致的人工系统,采用计算实验方法对系统规律进行研究,通过实际系统与人工系统的平行运行和交互实现对实际复杂生产系统的管理。结合乙烯生产系统长周期生产管理的应用实例,开发的平行培训系统加强了对员工标准行为的培训,平行评估系统主要侧重于对管理制度的评估,而最终形成的平行管理系统将实现对复杂生产过程的综合管理,全面提升企业的管理水平和综合竞争力。     

用于装备体系分析的探索性分析及其工具研究

探索性分析是用于武器装备体系分析研究的一种有效分析方法,通过探索性分析,人们易于理解不确定性因素的影响,全面把握各种关键要素。分析研究了探索性分析基本方法和软件环境,并构建了相应的辅助工具,可有效解决分析过程中探索空间大、计算过程复杂等问题。

Abstract：

Exploratory analysis is an efficient analysis method for Study of Weapon Systems of Systems. The effect of uncertainties was understood easy by exploratory analysis, and many key elements are held. The actual computation method and software environment of exploratory analysis were studied, and the assistance tool was developed, which could resolve effectively problem of the too large space and complex computation procedure.     

中央空调水系统控制的优化分析

在中央空调系统仿真的基础上，提出和设计了变水量系统中冷水机组供水温度和二级泵供水压差控制的优化策略，并通过仿真试验进行了验证。试验的结果表明，对优化冷水机组供水温度和二级泵供水压差两个控制变量单独进行优化，可以达到一定的系统节能目的，但是，对于系统的能耗而言，这两个控制变量是相关联的，局部层次上的优化难以获得最佳的节能效果，应在系统层次LN时对它们进行优化。     

Systems Engineering in China

A short history of Systems Engineering(SE) is described. The reasons why research work moves from Operations Research (OR), Management Science (MS) and Cybernetices to SE in China are given. This paper indicates some facets of the development of SE in China with emphasis on applications of SE.     

Storying Systems: Managing Everyday Flux Using Mode 2 Soft Systems Methodology

This paper examines work with managers who used a narrative approach to systemic thinking. Storytelling is incorporated within Mode 2 SSM involving a flexible approach to the analysis of complex or "messy" situations at work. Mode 2 SSM is presented as a thinking mode by those within the problem situation, involving the use of various devices of rich pictures, relevant systems, and root definitions, whereby managers and others may make sense of their experiences from within the flux of everyday life. The focus of the approach is learning through reflection on events and activities to consider potential actions and improvements in difficult situations. The findings show the initial difficulty and disappointment of learning to deal with complexity and the unexpected but how quickly the "gain outweighs the pain," as managers learned to attune themselves to the flux of situations, to identify how to work with flows and energies more creatively, and to become conscious of what was happening on the edge of awareness.