混合记忆信息与记忆信息筛选

P集合（packet sets）是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X中,改进有限普通集合X而提出的;P集合具有动态特性。信息系统存在丢失信息元与增加信息元的现象,把生物的记忆特征引入到这两个现象中,利用P集合,给出F-记忆信息,F-记忆信息与混合记忆信息的概念与特征,给出记忆度量概念与记忆信息的筛选定理。此外,提出记忆信息的依赖性定理及混合记忆不变性定理,给出记忆信息的应用。信息被记忆是P 集合具有的诸多应用特性之一。     

现代信息技术条件下信息和信息系统再认识

从现代系统理论的观点出发，在全信息理论的基础上重新定义了现代信息技术条件下的信息和信息系统概念．通过对现代信息系统进行分析，将信息系统分解为多个信息跳跃，描述了信息跳跃中的信息创造、表达、传输和吸收过程，为在信息系统分析中引入定量方法打下了基础．     

虚拟组织中面向共享的信息统一描述模型研究

虚拟组织中高质量的信息共享对于提高组织决策质量和效率起着至关重要的作用．从实现虚拟组织中高质量的信息共享出发，深入探讨了虚拟组织中面向共享的信息统一建模描述，提出了一种兼顾信息结构、信息语义、信息关联和信息能力的增强型对象信息描述模型——EODIDM，并在EODIDM信息描述模型中提出了信息能力建模的概念和方法，基于EODIDM信息描述模型深入研究了虚拟组织中面向共享的信息统一建模描述，进行了详细的实例分析和应用研究，最后，将EODIDM信息描述模型与现有信息描述模型进行了对比分析，结果表明EODIDM的通用性更强、可扩展性更好，基于该模型可以实现虚拟组织中高质量的信息共享。     

Study on information utility

1 .INTRODUCTIONThe word “information”appears in various occa-sions . The following keywords are commonly men-tioned:“Bayesian approaches”,“stochastic order-ings”,“decision-making under uncertainty”, etc .whenever the value of information is measured .Shannon said :“The fundamental problemof commu-nicationis that of reproducing at one point either ex-actly or approxi mately a message selected at anotherpoint .”Shannon’s work about information focus on“uncertainty”, he used“e…     

非对称需求信息条件下的供应链信息共享机制

缺乏有效的信息共享是供应链运作效率低下的主要原因之一，而信息不对称问题广泛存在于供应链之中．面临低市场需求的零售商有可能夸大真实的市场需求以获得更多的产品供应．运用信号传递博弈理论研究了供应链中零售商和供应商之间的共享需求信息的机制，得出了零售商可以通过采购价格向供应商传递真实的市场需求信息的条件，结果表明供应商和零售商之间的信息共享的关键在于分离均衡的存在，分离均衡使得供应商能够得到足够的信息量借以识别零售商的市场预测的真实性．     

信息社会的农业发展

结合国内外信息农业的相关文献和本地区实际情况，论述了信息社会中网络和信息技术对农业可持续发展所起的重要作用。图1，参5。     

部分权重信息且对方案有偏好的灰色关联决策法

以灰色系统理论的思想和方法为基础,探讨了决策方案的属性值为区间灰数、属性权重部分已知和决策者对方案有偏好的灰色决策问题,提出了解决这种灰色决策问题的方法与算法。运用分析技巧,构建了基于区间灰数相离度的灰色区间关联系数公式和灰色区间相对关联系数公式。该决策方法既利用了客观信息,又尽可能地满足决策者的主观愿望,也避免了在某些准则下去求出属性权重真值的估计值,并且计算易于在计算机上实现。实例分析说明了所提出的灰色关联决策方法的合理性及其算法的有效性。     

KNOWLEDGE DISTANCE IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

In this paper, we first introduce the concepts of knowledge closeness and knowledge distance for measuring the sameness and the difference among knowledge in an information system, respectively. The relationship between these two concepts is a strictly mutual complement relation. We then investigaie some important properties of knowledge distance and perform experimental analyses on two public data sets, which show the presented measure appears to be well suited to characterize the nature of knowledge in an information system. Finally, we establish the relationship between the knowledge distance and knowledge granulation, which shows that two variants of the knowledge distance can also be used to construct the knowledge granulation. These results will be helpful for studying uncertainty in information systems.     

Products recommendations using emotional information

Kutani-ware is a famous traditional craft which is so significant not only from the economic perspective, but also from the cultural viewpoint. It had a prosperous time in the last decades; however it has been shrinking recently due to the changes of lifestyle or the appearance of more functional products. Compared with the function, the brand image and style of products have become much more important in purchasing; moreover, technology is no longer the sole driving force in the development of products. As the spread of marketing appealing to consumers’ emotion, many methods treating human’s feeling have been developed and applied in many fields. Since human’s emotion has both linear and non-linear characteristics, and it is changing by every moment, a method which fits better is essential. This paper develops a new evaluation model by comparing statistical, fuzzy and pseudo-fuzzy approaches based-on an emotional evaluation database to find a better approach for recommendation of products.     

Composite filtering with feedback information

The optimal fusion solution with feedback information for a hybrid multisensor data fusion system is presented. In this system, a part of sensors process their data locally to produce local tracks, and another part of sensors only provide detection reports These tracks and detection reports are communicated to a central site where track fusion and composite filtering are performed. The comparative results on the simulations suggest the feedback information from the center can greatly improve the tracking performance of the local node.     

Review of space information technology

1 .INFORMATIONSOCIETY ANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYMaterial , energy and information are basic ele-ments of the world and also three pillars in theevolution of human society , namely , material foragricultural society , energy for industrial societyand information for information society . At theend of the latter half of the 20th century ,a veryfewadvancedindustrialized countries took the leadinto the information age .In the new century wewill face a new high of information developm…     

Perspectives on executive information systems

Executives who consider the acquisition of Executive Information Systems (EIS) may encounter several major problems already in their selection and introduction stages. Key issues are the following: Can the EIS's really match our managerial needs and support decision making in our organizational contingencies? How widely in the leadership levels can they be introduced? Are they easy-to-learn, easy-to-use and easily customizable? Do they utilize the newest information technology, e.g. graphics and modern interface technology? Can they work in our computer network? In order to facilitate elegant solutions of the selection problems, we construct an evaluation framework which guides the selection of an EIS product to match the managerial needs according to the organizational contingencies. This framework is useful immediately after the specification of the decision making support requirements of the executive. The effectiveness of the framework is shown by applying it and analyzing 13 EIS products. We also offer introduction and use experiences from four English and four Finnish large companies covering the opinions of 132 EIS users. In this paper we give general answers to the questions above and discuss other relevant issues.     

Big Data: Unleashing information

At present,it is projected that about 4 zettabytes(or 10**21 bytes)of digital data are being generated per year by everything from underground physics experiments to retail transactions to security cameras to global positioning systems.In the U.S.,major research programs are being funded to deal with big data in all five sectors(i.e.,services,manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining)of the economy.Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of available tools to undertake their acquisition,access,analytics and/or application in a reasonable amount of time.Whereas Tien(2003)forewarned about the data rich,information poor(DRIP)problems that have been pervasive since the advent of large-scale data collections or warehouses,the DRIP conundrum has been somewhat mitigated by the Big Data approach which has unleashed information in a manner that can support informed-yet,not necessarily defensible or valid-decisions or choices.Thus,by somewhat overcoming data quality issues with data quantity,data access restrictions with on-demand cloud computing,causative analysis with correlative data analytics,and model-driven with evidence-driven applications,appropriate actions can be undertaken with the obtained information.New acquisition,access,analytics and application technologies are being developed to further Big Data as it is being employed to help resolve the 14 grand challenges(identified by the National Academy of Engineering in 2008),underpin the 10 breakthrough technologies(compiled by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2013)and support the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization.     

信息不完全确定的多准则语言群体指派方法

针对决策者权重和准则权重信息不完全确定且评价信息为语言值的多准则指派问题,提出了一种新的求解方法。该方法利用二元语义对语言评价信息进行处理和运算。首先将决策者在各准则下给出的语言评价矩阵转化为二元语义,并利用二元语义的Δ函数及其逆函数Δ-1将其结集为群体在不同准则下的评价矩阵,然后利用二元语义的算术平均算子将不同准则下的评价矩阵结集为综合效率矩阵,再结合决策者权重和准则权重的不完全确定信息等构建非线性混合整数规划模型,并利用粒子群算法与匈牙利算法联合进行求解。最后实例说明该方法的可行性和有效性。     

信息共享视角下供应链信息系统价值创造机制

针对供应链信息共享问题中规范研究和实证研究关于信息系统有无价值的冲突性结论,为从理论上厘清和明晰信息系统的价值,本文放松了传统模型中供应链信息共享无成本和共享完美信息的假设,既考虑供应链信息共享的成本,又考虑共享信息准确性和及时性存在的程度差异,构建供应链最优库存模型. 通过比较供应链有无信息系统时信息准确性与及时性的交互作用及其特征,以及不同情况下供应链库存成本的高低,本文研究发现: 信息的准确性和及时性正向影响信息共享的价值,其中准确性的作用更大; 供应链信息系统价值创造的机理在于同步提升共享信息的准确性和及时性; 供应链信息系统建设投资并非越多越好,而是部分取决于现有的信息共享成本和信息质量状况. 最后,算例仿真表明信息系统可以显著提升信息共享的效率,降低库存成本,带来更多价值. 本文结论适用于最终产品需求在时间序列上正向相关的情境.     

维修性先验信息的融合方法

在利用Bayes小子样方法进行维修性指标验证时,针对维修性先验信息与现场维修信息为异总体的可能性较大的问题,分别建立了前期试验阶段维修时间信息向现场试验信息折合的内积模型和相似装备维修时间信息向待评装备维修时间信息折合的线性模型。采用随机加权法将先验信息转换为先验分布,并以现场信息为基准,根据各先验信息与现场信息分布模型中均值参数的差异程度来确定各先验分布的权重,然后通过计算综合先验分布与假设的正态分布的概率密度误差,对其融合后为正态分布的假设进行了检验,同时也提出了准确计算分布模型参数的方法。对某舰船装备维修性先验信息的折合与融合的实例表明了方法的有效性。     

基于信息共享角度的团购策略研究

随着社交网络的崛起,信息共享成为消费者行为的一个重要特征. 本文基于信息共享角度,在考虑消费者特基础上对商家的团购策略进行设计. 研究表明,随着信息共享难度或低信息消费者比例的增大,团购折扣价格家利润逐渐减小,但混合团购个人购买价格却先增后减; 同时,反从众、不从众和从众消费者的比例以及从性导致的保留价值差直接影响最优的团购策略; 而较高比例的等待敏感型消费者也会导致团购折扣价格的减小. 另外,只有当高低信息消费者之间的信息差较大且信息共享难度不大时,团购策略才优于传统边际策略.     

基于信息调度的网络化控制系统

针对具有通信约束的串行网络化控制系统设计问题,提出了一种简单灵活的控制系统信息调度方法。考虑到控制与通信的耦合情形,信息调度方法采用了轮流分批发送信息的方式,从而减少了网络信道中的数据流量,同时将网络环境下的系统模型转化为一种具有等价周期的采样数据系统模型。基于所得的数学模型和信息调度方法,给出了调度算法与反馈控制联合设计的过程。仿真研究表明该方法是有效可行的。