Rapid solidification of acoustically levitated Al-Cu-Si eutectic alloy under laser irradiation

Al-27%Cu-5.3%Si ternary eutectic alloy was melted using a YAG laser and then solidified while being acoustically levitated. A maximum undercooling to 195 K (0.24 TL) was achieved with a cooling rate of 76 K/s. The solidification microstructure was composed of (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics and (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics. During acoustic levitation, the (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics are refined and the (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics have morphological diversity. On the surface of the alloys, surface oscillations and acoustic streaming promote the nucleation of the three eutectic phases and expedite the cooling process. This results in the refinement of the ternary eutectic microstructure. During experiments, the reflector decreases with increasing alloy temperature, and the levitation distance always exceeds the resonant distance. Because of the acoustic radiation pressure, the melted alloy was flattened, and deformation increases with increasing sound pressure. The maximum aspect ratio achieved was 6.64, corresponding to a sound pressure of 1.8×104 Pa.     

利用神经网络预测阴离子共偶碱金属卤化物二元系的相图特征

利用Kohonen自组织特征映射神经网络来判定二元碱金属卤化物体系是否可以形成共晶体 ,对三个体系(其中一个体系不形成共晶体 ,两个体系形成共晶体 )的预测结果完全正确。在预测共晶温度和共晶体的组成时 ,使用了 6 5 1拓扑结构的误差反向传播神经网络 ,训练算法为自适应逆传播算法 ,对四个二元体系中共晶体的组成预测表明 ,均方根误差为 0 .0 5 35 ,平均相对误差为 1.77% ,对四个体系共晶温度的预测显示 ,均方根误差为 13 .48℃ ,平均相对误差为 1.11%。     

一种镍基高温自润滑材料摩擦学特性的研究

研究了在Ni 2 0Cr合金粉中添加质量分数为 2 0 %MoS2 ,通过热压法制备得到的高温自润滑材料的摩擦学特性 .结果表明 :在高温摩擦过程中 ,材料中的硫化物共晶体是主要的润滑组元 ;材料与淬火W1 8Cr4V和YJ2对偶时的摩擦因数随着温度变化有所不同 ,但是磨损率都是随着温度升高而增大的 ,其高温下磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损 ;YJ2硬质合金表面生成的氧化物对材料减摩性能有很大影响     

电磁复合铸造新工艺

电磁复合铸造新工艺曹志强金俊泽（大连理工大学铸造工程研究中心１１６０２４）关键词：电磁成型；复合材料；连续铸造分类号：ＴＧ２４９．７由于电磁搅拌技术不和液态金属接触，无污染，在连续铸钢过程中得到普遍采用，主要用于二冷区的晶粒细化〔１、２〕．但该技术...     

Microstructural evolution and castability prediction in newly designed modern third-generation nickel-based superalloys

The present research aims to establish a quantitative relation between microstructure and chemical composition (i.e., Ti, Al, and Nb) of newly designed nickel-based superalloys. This research attempts to identify an optimum microstructure at which the minimum quantities of γ/γ' and γ/γ″ compounds are achieved and the best castability is predicted. The results demonstrate that the highest quantity of intermetallic eutectics (i.e., 41.5wt%) is formed at 9.8wt% (Ti + Al). A significant quantity of intermetallics formed in superalloy 1 (with a composition of γ-9.8wt% (Ti + Al)), which can deteriorate its castability. The type and morphology of the eutectics changed and the amount considerably decreased with decreasing Ti + Al content in superalloy 2 (with a composition of γ-7.6wt% (Ti + Al), 1.5wt% Nb). Thus, it is predicted that the castability would improve for superalloy 2. The same trend was observed for superalloy 4 (with a composition of γ-3.7wt% (Ti + Al), 4.4wt% Nb). This means that the amount of Laves increases with increasing Nb (to 4.4wt%) and decreasing Ti + Al (to 3.7wt%) in superalloy 4. The best castability was predicted for superalloy 3 (with a composition of γ-5.7wt% (Ti + Al), 2.8wt% Nb).     

高硼多组分铸铁的组织及相元素分布

这种新提出的新型铸铁的化学成分为在0.7C–5W–5Mo–5V–10Cr–2.5Ti (wt%)中分别添加1.6wt% B和2.7wt% B。这项工作的目的是研究硼的含量对合金的结构状态和阶段元素分布对耐磨结构成分的形成影响。结果表明,当B含量为1.6wt%时,合金由三种共晶组成:(a) “M₂(C,B)₅+铁素体”具有“汉字”形貌 (89.8vol%), (b) “M₇(CB)₃+奥氏体”具有“莲座”形貌,(c) “M₃C+奥氏体”具有“莱氏体”形貌 (2.7vol%)。当硼含量为2.7wt%时,基体硬度由HRC 31提高到HRC 38.5。组织中出现了平均显微硬度为HV 2797的初生碳化物M₂(C,B)₅,体积分数为17.6vol%。共晶体(a)和(b,c)的体积分数分别降低到71.2vol%和3.9vol%。基体为“铁素体/奥氏体” (1.6wt% B) 和“铁素体/珠光体”(2.7wt% B),两种铸铁均含有致密析出碳化物(Ti,M)C和碳硼化物(Ti,M)(C,В),体积分数为7.3%–7.5%。基于能量色散X射线能谱,给出了元素相的分布和相应的相公式。     

反应等离子熔覆复合材料涂层的耐磨性研究

以Fe—Cr—C合金粉末为原料,采用反应等离子熔覆技术,在45号钢表面制得以原位生成初生相（Cr,Fe）7C3为增强相的新型陶瓷复合材料涂层。利用SEM、XRD、EDS和显微硬度计等分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,分别在室温干滑动磨损及高温滑动磨损条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性,并讨论了其磨损机理。结果表明,涂层组织包括（Cr,Fe）7C3增强相和γ－Fe固溶体与少量（Cr,Fe）7C3构成的共晶;该涂层在室温干滑动磨损和高温滑动磨损条件下均具有优异的耐磨性。     

激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金涂层的裂纹形成机理

从微观组织研究了激光熔覆NiCrBSi镍基涂层的裂纹形成机理,分析了涂层显微组织、裂纹形貌和断口成分.结果显示：Ni60涂层具有高裂纹敏感性,即使涂层与基体热膨胀系数差异较小,涂层也容易开裂.原因是：① Ni60涂层包含大量的粗大硬质初生相和硬质共晶组织以及较少的韧性相,具有高的脆硬性; ② 断口聚集含Ca、S、Si等元素的熔渣;③ 粗大的硬质相妨碍了液体金属的自由流动,造成金属基体的不连续性;④ 粗大硬质相晶界处的液膜易在拉应力作用下破裂,形成缩孔或微裂纹,从而成为裂纹源.此外,裂纹在顶端起裂并向下扩展,裂纹多沿粗大硬质相晶界扩展,具有典型的凝固裂纹特征.     

Effect of trace boron on microstructural evolution and high temperature creep performance in Re-contianing single crystal superalloys

The effect of trace B on the microstructure and creep properties under 1100 °C/130 MPa in three single crystal superalloys with various levels of B(0, 0.01 and 0.02 wt %) additions was investigated. Compared with the boron-free alloy, the creep rupture life decreased slightly for the alloy with 0.01 wt % B, but dropped obviously for the 0.02 wt% B contained alloy. The low B addition had a slight effect on the main element compositions ofγ/γ′ by the high precision atom probe tomography(APT) analysis and no significant change of γ/γ′ misfit was observed. However, the contents of Re, Mo, Cr in γ phase were decreased with the high B addition, resulting in the decrease of γ/γ′ misfit and increase of the spacing of γ/γ′ interfacial dislocation networks. Meanwhile, the residual(γ+γ′) eutectics and borides with a large volume fraction obviously decreased the creep rupture properties in the high B addition alloy. This study is helpful for understanding the boron's role of strengthening mechanism in high temperature creep of Ni-base single crystal superalloys.     

铝钎剂中活性剂的研究

本文指出长期以来,众多研究者一直提到的铝钎剂的活性剂是重金属氯化物的说法是不够确切的。实际上,大多数重金属氯化物不能作为活性剂。同时指出氯化物标准生成自由能判据,仅仅表明取代反应能否正向进行,而不能说明该氯化物是否可以作为活性剂。本研究提出:液态时与铝形成双液层的组元,或者液态时与铝能互相溶解,但在二元合金状态图的非铝端,形成熔点较低共晶物的组元,这些组元的氯化物,原则上可以作铝钎剂的活性剂。     

Rapid cooling effect during solidification on macro-and micro-segregation of as-cast Mg–Gd alloy

The high performance of as-cast Mg-RE alloys is always related to their high RE additions.However,RE elements can be readily segregated in Mg alloys and the segregation becomes more significant with the increasing RE content.In this research,the effect of cooling rate on the macro-and micro-segregation in the as-cast Mg-8 Gd alloy was studied.The Gd content at the bottom of the fabricated ingot with the cooling rate of 4.6-6.9℃/s was～1.7 times of that at the top and coarse eutectics as well as some non-equilibrium phases of α-Gd,MgGd,Mg_2 Gd were distributed along the grain boundaries.The formation mechanisms of the specific gravity segregation and grain boundary segregation were also proposed.Upon the application of the water-cooled copper mold with the cooling rate of 27-200℃/s,only fine Mg5 Gd and some nanoscale metastable β_1 and β' phases were found to disperse uniformly in the grain interior,thus the homogeneity of the composition,microstructure,and performance within the whole ingot was considerably improved.It is expected that these results will facilitate the processing design for the fabrication of the highly-homogenized Mg-RE alloy castings.     

Microstructure and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of dispersoid-strengthened Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys produced by twin roll casting

The microstructure and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of dispersoid-strengthened Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys produced by twin roll casting (TRC) and conventional mold casting (MC) were studied. A specific heat treatment at 430 ​°C for 6 ​h was applied, followed by rolling. Tensile tests were carried out at 300 ​°C. The results show that in the as-cast microstructures, equiaxed grains formed in the MC sample while elongated grains with substructures formed in the TRC sample. The eutectics in the TRC sample were much finer than those in the MC sample. Upon heat treatment, large numbers of α-Al(Fe, Mn)Si dispersoids precipitated, and the TRC sample had a greater number density of dispersoids than those in the MC sample. During the tensile test after rolling, the TRC samples exhibited higher strength than the MC samples, which resulted from the combination of the strengthening effect of the stronger dispersoids and the greater substructure hardening effect in the TRC sample; the TRC sample exhibited better ductility due to its finer initial eutectic than that in the MC sample, which depressed the stress concentration and delayed the occurrence of microcracks and fracture in the TRC sample.     

Microstructure and stress rupture properties of polycrystal and directionally solidified castings of nickel-based superalloys

A new directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy DZ24, which is a modification of K24 alloy without rare and expensive elemental additions, such as Ta and Hf, was studied in this paper. The microstructure and stress rupture properties of conventionally cast and directionally solidified superalloys were comparatively analyzed. It is indicated that the microstructure of K24 alloy is composed of γ, γ′, γ/γ′ eutectics and MC carbides. Compared with the microstructure of K24 polycrystalline alloy, γ/γ′ eutectic completely dissolves into the γ matrix, the fine and regular γ′ phase reprecipitates, and MC carbides decompose to M₆C/M₂₃C₆ carbides after heat treatment in DZ24 alloy. The rupture life of DZ24 alloy is two times longer than that of K24 alloy. The more homogeneous the size of γ′ precipitate, the longer the rupture life. The coarsening and rafting behaviors of γ′ precipitates are observed in DZ24 alloy after the stress-rupture test.     

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Cr7C3/γ-Fe Ceramal Composite Coating Fabricated by Plasma Cladding

A new type in situ Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of hardened and tempered grade C steel by plasma cladding with Fe-Cr-C alloy powders. The ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of primary Cr7C3/γ- and the Cr7C3/γ-Fe eutectics, and is metallurgically bonded to the degree C steel substrate. The corrosion resistances of the coating in water solutions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl were evaluated utilizing the electrochemical polarization corrosion-test method. Because of the inherent excellent corrosion-resisting properties of the constituting phase and the rapidly solidified homogeneous microstructure, the plasma clad ceramal composite coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in the water solutions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl.     

《厦门志》与《金门志》岁时风俗差异分析

互参《厦门志》与《金门志》两书“风俗记”之岁时礼俗,发现厦金两地除二、三、六、八、九与十一月之俗尚大致相同外,还存有十一处差异。一为元旦,两地粪土出户之日三五有别;二为人日,食七宝羹已不在金门盛行;三为正月初九,厦因华侈而多见富家演剧之俗;四为立春,厦书“春”或“福寿”字,金无;五为上元,厦地“跳火”去病除疾,金地“烧旧灯篝”承祭告礼;六为四月八日,厦有浴佛之会,金则未记;七为端午,厦五色龙船竞渡,金画八卦、书对联、燃磺烟等;八为七月三十,金“关地狱门”,厦承七月“普渡”礼;九为十二月初二,厦做“头牙”,金则以二月初二日为“头牙”;十为十二月二十,厦“扫尘”,金不记;十一为除夕,厦重春帖之祥寿,并依灯檠卜晴雨。这些差异均有各自的承袭、分布或流变之依据。     

基于节点重要度法的高速公路与城市道路衔接线位置研究

研究了高速公路与城市道路衔接规划中衔接线与城市道路衔接位置的选取问题;分析了基于互通式立交数量确定衔接线数量的方法,设计了节点重要度法用以优化衔接线位置,包括节点及其评价指标的选择、聚类计算及分析等;最后,将节点重要度法应用于潍坊市与济青高速公路衔接线布局规划,通过计算得到了可行结果。     

基于多层次灰色评价方法的突发事件网络舆情热度评价研究

突发事件由于前兆不充分,在网络E事件的影响力极易被无限放大,将严重危害社会的和谐与稳定,对突发事件网络舆情热度评价是把握突发事件发展方向的重要内容．笔者在已有突发事件网络舆情热度评价指标体系的基础上,采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法,建立了基于灰色评价法和层次分析法相结合的突发事件网络舆情热度评价模型,并以2009年杭州飙车案进行了实证研究．通过实证表明,灰色层次评价法科学合理,简单易行,对突发事件网络舆情热度评价具有良好的效果．     

粗粒料缩尺效应研究现状与趋势

总结了粗粒料室内试验不同缩尺方法的优缺点、目前粗粒料强度和变形试验常用仪器的优缺点以及这些仪器用于研究粗粒料强度和变形的代表性成果;概括了缩尺效应对粗粒料强度和变形特性影响方面的研究成果;分析了缩尺效应的评价依据;讨论了缩尺效应研究中应考虑和注意的一些问题,如试样密度的控制、缩尺效应的定量化表述等,并指出缩尺效应研究应注意替代级配料和原级配料的密度控制方法.     

柔性注压锚杆锚固机理分析

柔性注压锚杆是一种结构和锚固机理新颖的全长锚固锚杆,已有的研究缺少其受力、锚固力与锚固机理的分析。通过柔性注压锚杆地面和井下试验,对其锚固力、锚固机理进行了理论和试验分析,导出其承载能力的计算与分析方法,为其设计、试验和应用提供了一定的理论依据。研究和试验结果表明该锚杆对多种围岩（煤、岩、碎石等）有良好的锚固能力和适应性,现场应用方便。     

砷、硒、镉、镍的蒸气发生反应历程与原子荧光增感效应机理

实验考察和理论分析了介质酸度对砷、硒、镉和镍的化学蒸气发生反应的影响.实验结果表明,在酸性较强的盐酸介质中砷、硒的蒸气发生具有较高的效率,其最佳酸性范围较宽;在弱酸性盐酸介质中,镉和镍的蒸气发生具有较高的效率,其最佳酸度范围较窄.基于过渡中间态理论,探讨了蒸气发生反应历程.考察和比较了络合剂、金属离子、表面活性剂的增感效应,提出了8-羟基喹啉、邻菲罗啉、钴离子、阳离子表面活性剂CTAB和非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100对原子荧光的增感效应机理.