盐胁迫下三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系叶片蛋白质差异表达分析

【目的】探究三倍体小黑杨生长迅速原因。通过蛋白质差异表达分析,深入研究三倍体小黑杨生长发育机理,为其优质高产育种提供参考。【方法】以三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系为材料,分别用75 mmol/L NaCl溶液胁迫处理0、4、8、12和16 d,利用蛋白质双向电泳和MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱技术,探讨其不同处理条件下叶片差异表达蛋白。【结果】共检测到4 000多个蛋白点,包含96个差异蛋白点,其中盐胁迫4、8、12、16 d与对照相比,分别鉴定出5、21、36、34个差异蛋白点,对60个蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,这些蛋白按功能可分为8类:其中光合作用占25%、能量代谢占20%、氧化还原作用占12%、抗性蛋白占8%、生物合成和代谢占7%、运输蛋白占3%、信号转导占2%和未知蛋白占23%。【结论】三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系受到盐胁迫后,多种蛋白质共同参与应答,其中主要是光合作用和能量代谢相关蛋白,本研究可以为盐胁迫下林木蛋白质组学研究提供基础。     

低温胁迫下克恩氏冬青幼苗叶片差异蛋白质分析

【目的】研究克恩氏冬青叶片应答低温胁迫的蛋白表达情况,探讨克恩氏冬青耐寒的作用机理。【方法】以2年生幼苗为试材,对其进行-8 ℃和-16 ℃低温胁迫处理,运用双向电泳技术(2-DE)结合质谱技术(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)检测并分析叶片差异表达蛋白,并对差异蛋白进行了生物信息学分析。【结果】在低温胁迫下,克恩氏冬青幼苗叶片中蛋白表达发生了明显变化,胁迫前后发现共有31个显著差异的蛋白质点,经质谱检测及数据库检索,成功鉴定了其中23个差异表达蛋白点。对其中的20个蛋白成功进行了功能分类,主要涉及蛋白质和氨基酸代谢、光合作用、氧化还原平衡、防御作用、碳水化合物代谢、脂类代谢、氮素代谢等生物学过程。【结论】克恩氏冬青应答低温胁迫是多种蛋白质共同作用的结果,主要通过调节多种代谢过程中的相关蛋白表达来发挥作用。     

白桦木材抗腐和易腐植株主要化学成分的比较

采用5种木材腐朽菌分别对300株天然林白桦木样进行木材腐朽处理,选择质量损失率最大和最小的10株白桦组成易腐和抗腐群体,检测其木材中的木质素、纤维素等主要化学成分.结果表明:水分、纤维素、木质素含量低的白桦木材抗白囊耙齿菌腐朽;木质素含量低、苯醇抽出物含量高的白桦木材抗黄伞腐朽;木质素、总酚、总黄酮含量高的白桦木材抗木蹄层孔菌;木质素和总酚含量高的白桦木材抗桦剥管菌腐朽.未发现彩绒革盖菌降解木材成分的偏好性.白桦木材中的1%NaOH抽出物和水分与纤维素含量成显著负相关,易腐群体白桦木材中的水分和纤维素含量、苯醇抽出物和总酚含量,木质素、总酚和总黄酮含量均成显著正相关.该研究为进一步探讨木材腐朽菌腐朽木材的过程和机理,易腐、抗腐白桦木材的理化特性等提供有用的信息.     

短日照处理诱导油松容器苗针叶差异表达蛋白质的功能分析

【目的】基于蛋白质水平探讨短日照处理调控油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)容器苗基础代谢和抗逆性机理的研究,完善油松容器苗的育苗和造林技术,为短日照处理育苗技术在我国北方地区困难立地造林中推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以经日照长度为10 h、持续3 周短日照处理的油松容器苗针叶为研究对象,采用改良的酚法提取针叶蛋白。应用双向电泳结合二级质谱分析的蛋白质组学技术,研究短日照处理诱导油松容器苗针叶蛋白质表达的变化,分析差异表达蛋白质的鉴定和功能。【结果】成功获取5个短日照处理诱导表达差异显著的蛋白质,上调表达的是叶绿体放氧增强蛋白1(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, OEE1)(蛋白点404)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH)(蛋白点539)、延伸因子-Tu(elongation factor-Tu, EF-Tu)(蛋白点654)、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶活化酶(ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, RCA)(蛋白点681); 下调表达的是磷酸甘油酸激酶1(phosphoglycerate kinase 1, PGK1)(蛋白点641)。这些蛋白质的功能主要涉及光合代谢、糖代谢和胁迫防御。【结论】短日照处理诱导油松容器苗蛋白质差异表达,对油松容器苗的基础代谢和抗逆性产生重要影响。     

白桦BpMYB21基因的克隆及其表达模式分析

【目的】研究了白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)MYB基因功能,分析其在茉莉酸(MeJA)和水杨酸(SA)诱导下的表达特性。【方法】以白桦为试材,通过RT-PCR等方法克隆得到1条白桦MYB转录因子家族基因序列,运用生物信息学方法,分析其蛋白质性质和亲缘关系,通过实时荧光定量PCR分析MeJA和SA诱导处理下该基因的表达特性及组织特异性。【结果】获得了1条新的白桦MYB转录因子家族基因,命名为BpMYB21,包含完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 014 bp,编码337个氨基酸。BpMYB 21蛋白与其他植物MYB氨基酸同源性为51%～64%,其中与胡桃(Juglans regia)MYB30-Like的亲缘关系最近。BpMYB21 在白桦根、茎、叶中均有表达,且在叶中的表达量高于茎和根,但差异不显著; 与对照相比,100 μmol/L MeJA和50 mg/L SA分别处理白桦苗6 h时,BpMYB21在茎和叶中的表达较高,处理12～48 h逐渐降低。【结论】BpMYB21为MYB转录因子家族新成员,与胡桃MYB基因亲缘关系较近。该基因响应激素诱导,推测其可能在白桦生长发育及在次生代谢过程发挥重要作用。     

白藜芦醇诱导HepG2细胞凋亡中线粒体差异蛋白鉴定

为研究线粒体在白藜芦醇诱导人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞凋亡中的作用机制。分离提取白藜芦醇处理的HepG2细胞及对照组细胞的线粒体蛋白质,双向电泳分离差异蛋白质,飞行时间质谱鉴定差异蛋白点,摸索并建立了一种有效分离提取细胞线粒体蛋白质和双向电泳的方法。初步分析鉴定了四个显著性差异蛋白,着丝粒蛋白Kinesin protein和CENP-E降低,证明白藜芦醇对细胞周期及细胞骨架的调节作用,Peptidase (mitochondrial processing)表达降低,线粒体核糖体蛋白L7/L12（Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7/L12, MRP L7/L12）表达升高,表明白藜芦醇诱导HepG2细胞与其对线粒体功能的影响有关。     

食管鳞癌淋巴结转移的蛋白质组分析

分析食管鳞癌转移淋巴结中鳞癌细胞与食管鳞癌组织中鳞癌细胞的蛋白质的表达差异,获取鉴别两者的分子标志物。用激光捕获显微切割技术分离出食管鳞癌转移淋巴结和食管鳞癌组织中较纯的鳞癌细胞,运用双向电泳和质谱的方法检测两者表达的差异蛋白,并用免疫印迹技术对差异候选蛋白进行分析、验证。发现29个差异蛋白点,通过质谱鉴定出6种有意义的蛋白,转移淋巴结中的鳞癌细胞中如peroxiredoxin 1等5种蛋白表达明显增高,1种蛋白MTCBP-1表达下调。因此激光捕获显微切割可以有效地解决组织异质性的问题;食管鳞癌组织中的鳞癌细胞与转移淋巴结中的鳞癌细胞的2-DE蛋白质图谱具有明显的差异表达,提示食管鳞癌的淋巴结转移过程的发生是多种蛋白质功能共同作用的结果,从而造成肿瘤细胞迁移性和侵袭性的进一步增强。     

不同碳源下Pseudomonas putida F1单环芳烃降解相关蛋白质的差异表达

研究了Pseudomonas putida F1利用单环芳香族化合物以及琥珀酸做碳源时单环芳烃降解相关蛋白质的表达,这对于研究这些芳烃的单一和混合降解有重要意义.利用蛋白组学研究方法,通过比较蛋白表达的双向凝胶电泳(2-DGE)图谱,找出不同碳源条件下生长细胞中差异表达的蛋白质.蛋白质经胰酶消化后,进行基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-Time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry)分析.结果表明,尽管该细菌在降解甲苯和乙苯时利用同一个代谢途径,但代谢相关蛋白在微生物利用不同碳源时的表达量有所变化.差异表达蛋白可分为4类,代谢蛋白,转运蛋白,适应性相关蛋白以及其他类型蛋白.     

水稻幼苗叶片应答稻瘟病侵染的差异蛋白谱分析

为了探讨水稻感病基因型种质响应稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质表达谱的变化规律和作用途径,以水稻感稻瘟病种质日本晴为材料,采用接种稻瘟病菌分生抱子悬浮液,24,48和72 h后提取叶片蛋白质,采用i TRAQ蛋白质组学技术研究稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片蛋白质组的变化.结果表明,稻瘟病侵染诱导了水稻幼苗叶片内涉及氧化还原平衡、防御、信号传导、糖和能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、光合作用,以及蛋白质代谢等代谢途径相关的53个蛋白质的表达量发生了改变.GO分析表明稻瘟病主要调控了植株体内细胞内平衡、代谢过程和蛋白质代谢等生物学过程.稻瘟病侵染激活了活性氧代谢、防御,以及热休克蛋白等相关的途径,而抑制了蛋白质生物合成过程.结合这些差异表达蛋白的丰度变化结合它们可能的功能,描绘了水稻应答稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质代谢网络,有助于在蛋白质水平上了解其应答过程.     

硫酸二甲酯对患丛枝病毛泡桐蛋白组的影响

【目的】找出与泡桐丛枝病发生相关的蛋白,为研究泡桐丛枝病发病机制提供依据。【方法】利用iTRAQ技术对使用硫酸二甲酯(DMS)处理后恢复健康的毛泡桐患丛枝病苗、未经处理的毛泡桐病苗和健康苗进行蛋白质组学分析。【结果】共鉴定得到2 628个蛋白质,其中177个蛋白表达水平具有显著差异; 通过比对分析找到37个与泡桐丛枝病发生密切相关的差异表达蛋白。代谢途径分析可知,37个差异表达蛋白主要参与光合作用、植物-病原物相互作用、氧化磷酸化等途径。【结论】毛泡桐感染泡桐丛枝病过程中,与光合作用相关的蛋白受到影响,钙调蛋白(CaM)在植原体与毛泡桐的相互作用过程中发挥作用。     

Effects of Yb^3＋ codoping on visible and near infrared emissions of Er^3＋-Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders by the sol-gel method

The 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0-2 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the phase structure, including only two crystalline types of doped Al2O3 phase, γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 and θ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3, was detected at the sintering temperature of 1000℃. The visible and near infrared emissions properties depended strongly on the Yb^3＋ codoping, and the corresponding maximal peak intensities centered at about 523, 545, 660 and 1533 nm were obtained respectively for the 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0.5 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders, which were composed of θ-（Al,Er,Yb）2O3 and a small amount of γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 phases. The two-photon absorption process was responsible for the visible up-conversion emissions, and the one-photon absorption process was involved in the near infrared emissions of the Er^3＋-yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders.     

Dielectric,piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified PZTFN ceramics

Specimens of Pb_1?1.5xLa_x(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)_1?y?zFe_yNb_zO₃(x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01) (PZTFN) ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal (space group P4mm) and rhombohedral (space group R3c) phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hysteresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response at x ≥ 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).     

Assessment of the uncertainties in temperature change in China during the last century

We have used the China Homogenized Historic Temperature dataset and some long-term station series of the neighbor countries from CRUTEM3, a 5°×5° gridded dataset of monthly mean temperature since 1900, to provide a 107-year record of surface tem-perature trends and variability. We derived a comprehensive set of uncertainty estimates to accompany the data: measurement and sampling errors, uncertainties in temperature bias estimates, and uncertainties arising from limited observational coverage on large-scale averages have all been estimated. We reanalysed the temperature changes during the period of record. The best estimates of trends for 1900–2006 with uncertainties at 95% confidence range are about 0.09±0.017°C/decade for the year as a whole, and 0.14±0.021°C/decade, 0.11±0.021°C/decade, 0.04±0.017°C/decade, and 0.07±0.017°C/decade for winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. For 1954–2006, the trends for annual, winter, spring, summer and autumn are: 0.26±0.032°C/decade, 0.35±0.046°C/decade, 0.25±0.051°C/decade, 0.16±0.037°C/decade and 0.22±0.055°C/decade. Winter saw the most significant warming trend in both 1900–2006 and 1954–2006, while during the most recent period (the satellite era, 1979–2006), all the seasons show similar warming trends: 0.45±0.13°C/decade, 0.51±0.11°C/decade, 0.52±0.16°C/decade, 0.37±0.10°C/decade and 0.50±0.16°C/decade for annual, winter, spring, summer and autumn. Trends arising from urbanization have been evaluated as less than 5% of the total warming trend for 1951–2001, so this bias was not removed.     

Mining rice new germplasm containing S5n gene by functional molecular marker and sequencing

Inter-subspecific hybrids between indica and japonica varieties yield strong biological heterosis, but it is difficult to utilize the hybrids directly in commercial production due to sterility of F1. A special gene S5^n may overcome the hybrids sterility, which is caused by the interaction between S5 loci. Recently, S5^n had been cloned, and it was revealed containing a large DNA deletion sequence that made the gene nonfunctional, compared to S5^i or S5^j. We designed a pair of primers flanking the deletion sequence of Ssn, and then applied to distinguish the varieties with S5^n or non-S5^n, convincing result suggested that the primers could be served as functional molecular marker to efficiently identify the new germplasm with S5^n, Using the functional marker, we surveyed 197 varieties from China National Micro-core Rice Collection, and found ten of which represented S5^n including following varieties： Haobuka, Sanbangqishiluo, Mubanggu, Xiaohonggu, Mowanggu＇neiza, Laozaogu, Fanhaopi, Feie＇nu02, Baoxie-7B, Teqingxuanhui. Among them, two varieties Sanbangqishiluo and Laozaogu was previously reported to contain S5^n gene. Further sequence analysis on the DNA sequence covering both sides of deletion in S5^n of the 10 varieties confirmed that the detected sequences in above varieties was identical with those of varieties containing S5^n, such as 02428 and Linglun. These results suggested that the gene in S5 locus of the ten varieties was also nonfunctional and it proved the presence of S5^n gene.     

应用正交试验法的RHT模型参数敏感性研究

基于RHT模型的理论分析,选出A、N、B、M、B_Q、f_s/f_c、T_ten、D₁和E_f,min 9个参数作为正交试验分析参数,研究RHT模型中参数的敏感性.运用Autodyn程序对弹丸侵彻混凝土过程进行数值分析,确定了不同参数、不同水平值下弹丸的侵彻深度.采用极差分析法对参数的敏感程度进行量化分析,得出9个参数的敏感性排序为B > E_f,min > T_ten > f_s/f_c > N > M > D₁ > B_Q > A.结合3组典型数值试验损伤云图和侵彻深度的对比分析,认为参数B、E_f,min和T_ten对数值模拟试验结果的影响极大,应采取可靠的技术手段准确确定其取值.      

Surface interactions of MoO3/ α-Fe2O3 system

α-Fe₂O₃ -supported molybdena catalysts have been prepared by heating a mixture of MoO₃ and α-Fe₂O₃. XRD, XPS, LRS, TG-DTA and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to characterize the interactions between MoO₃ and α-Fe₂O₃. The dispersion capacity of MoO₃ on the surface of α-Fe₂O₃ determined by XRD and XPS was 0.8 mmol/100m² α-Fe₂O₃ in the samples calcined at 420 . For the sample with low MoO₃ loading, LRS and FT-IR results showed that Mo⁶⁺ ions were located in the tetrahedral vacant sites on the surface of α-Fe₂O₃, signed as Mo- . The amount of Mo-II species, formed by Mo6+ ions incorporated into the octahedral vacant sites, increased with the MoO₃ loading. Based on the assumption that the (001) plane of α-Fe₂O₃ is preferentially exposed, almost all the Mo⁶⁺ ions of the dispersed molybdena species existed at the surface octahedral sites for the sample with MoO₃ loading close or beyond the dispersion capacity, and formed the Mo-II species. In this case, the capping O^2- ions linking with the incorporated Mo⁶⁺ ions formed a surface epitaxial structure, which was in good agreement with the results predicted by the incorporation model proposed previously. XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy of the MoO₃ α-Fe₂O₃ samples calcined at different temperatures showed that the calcination temperature could strongly influence the interaction extent: ( i) at 420 , MoO₃ dispersed on the surface of α-Fe₂O₃ and formed surface Mo species; (ii ) at 500 , MoO₃ reacted with the bulk of α-Fe₂O₃ and formed Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ compound.     

Ca5Zn3相稳定性和物理性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对Ca_5Zn_3化合物的晶格常数、形成焓、弹性常数、以及电子态密度等进行计算研究。为了获得Ca_5Zn_3化合物的结构稳定性,考虑了Cr_5B_3、W_5Si_3以及Mn_5Si_3 3种结构类型,计算得到的形成焓表明:具有Cr5B3结构类型的Ca_5Zn_3最稳定,其次为Mn_5Si_3型,最后是W_5Si_3型。对该化合物的弹性常数、电子态密度和电荷密度差进行了计算。最后利用德拜模型,对Ca_5Zn_3的热物理性能进行了计算,获得体积、体积模量、热膨胀系数以及等容热容随温度和压强变化的规律,为该化合物在热电方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.     

几种特殊图的填充数

应用图的最优填充分解定理和局部最优填充定理,得到了书本图Bm、方型网图F(m;n)(m=1,2,3)和蛛网图W(m,n)(m=1;n=3)的填充数表达式分别为:F(Bm)=m,F(F(1;n))=n,F(F(2;n))=4n-3,F(F(3;n))=({]3,n=1,9,n=2,14,n=3.)F(W(1,n))=n-3,F(W(m,3))=3(m-1).