玉米秸秆高效糖化菌株筛选及其产酶条件研究

高产纤维素酶和半纤维素酶菌株可以有效提高木质纤维素原料制燃料乙醇的产率.研究采用刚果红羧甲基纤维素钠培养基,并结合滤纸条培养基进行初筛,以玉米秸秆粉为发酵培养基进行复筛,筛选到纤维素酶和半纤维素酶高产菌Z-7真菌.采用摇床液体发酵试验并测定纤维素酶活和半纤维素酶活以确定Z-7真菌的最优产酶条件.结果表明,250 mL三角瓶的最佳装瓶量为50 mL,接种量为3%,pH值为5.5,摇床培养温度38℃,最佳产酶时间48 h,在此条件下该菌产CMC-Na酶活达到100 u/mL,半纤维素酶活达到126.6 u/mL.     

β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株及其应用研究

 对Hypocrea sp. W₆₃的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶学性质研究表明,该酶液体发酵最高酶活高达482.1 U/mL,最适反应pH值为4.8,最适反应温度为65 ℃;乙醇体积分数为10%时对酶活有最大促进效果,乙醇耐受能力高达30%;将该酶应用于同步糖化发酵研究中,发现发酵至120 h乙醇质量浓度可高达41.25 g/L,与对照相比,乙醇产量均提高近2倍。该菌株所产的β-葡萄糖苷酶较高的酶活力、耐热性能、乙醇耐受性和同步糖化发酵促进效果,预示着该菌在纤维素乙醇产业化应用中具有广阔的应用前景。     

底物诱导和分批补料对巨大芽孢杆菌环氧化物水解酶生物合成的影响

从土壤中筛选得到的巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium)ECU1001所产环氧化物水解酶能高度对映选择性地水解外消旋缩水甘油苯基醚,在摇瓶和5L发酵罐中培养时初始产酶水平分别为11．0U／L和31．0U／L,通过添加底物诱导,可使摇瓶培养中酶量达到61．0U／L,在5L发酵罐中通过补料分批发酵,酶活可进一步提高到95．6U／L。     

一株产纤维素酶绿色木霉的筛选及发酵条件优化

从土壤中筛选到一株具有较高纤维素酶活性的绿色木霉，对其液态发酵条件进行了优化．以羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源，含量0．75％，(NH4)2SO4为氮源，含量0．4％，250mL三角瓶20％装量，5％接种量，培养基初始pH为4，28℃，180r／min培养96h，优化后发酵液中Cx酶活达到277.7U／mL发酵液．     

猪心肌乳酸脱氢酶的提纯工艺及酶反应最适条件

研究了适合于工业化生产的猪心肌乳酸脱氢酶的初步提取工艺，经硫酸铵分级沉淀得到酶的比活为86．5U／mg，再经DEAE离子交换层析比活可达525．0U／mg，酶活总收率为54．5％．并对酶促反应的最适条件进行了研究，其最适反应pH为7．6～7．8，最适反应底物浓度分别为NADH5mg／mL和丙酮酸钠25mmol／L。     

微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的产酶条件优化

以假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp．）TS1138为供试菌株，对微生物酶法生产L-半胱氨酸的条件进行了初步研究。通过对产酶培养基中的碳氮源进行研究，得到了TS1138菌株产酶的最佳碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和尿素，DL—ATC的最适添加量为5g／L；通过对产酶培养基的产酶条件进行研究，得出了最适的种子接种量为10％，产酶培养基的最适初始pH为8．0，500mL三角瓶的最适装液量为40mL。     

短杆菌（Brevibacterium sp WX-10）产酶条件研究

研究了碳源、氮源、无机盐、金属离子等培养基组成和初始pH、通风量、温度等发酵条件对短杆菌(Brevibacterium sp WX-10)产酶的影响，通过正校试验优化得到的产酶培养基组成及发酵条件：蔗糖1％,NaCl2.5％，牛肉膏0．05％，NaNO3 0．05％，pH7．5，500mL三角瓶装培养基50mL，30℃于220r／min旋转式摇床上培养72h，在该培养条件下WX-10产酶量是原培养条件下的1．85倍。     

果胶裂解酶液态发酵条件的研究

通过单因素及正交实验对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)产生果胶裂解酶的发酵条件进行优化,研究了该酶的性质。实验表明,该酶的最适产酶培养基组成为(g·L-1):麸皮60,玉米秸杆40,尿素20,K2HPO4·3H2O 2．0,KCl 7．0,CaCO310．0。最适培养条件为:初始pH 6．0,30℃,接种量8％,培养2 d,此时酶活力为8．47 U／mL。该酶的最适温度50℃,最适pH 6．0。     

产朊圆酵母尿酸酶形成条件研究

择到一株产尿酸酶较高水平的产朊圆酵母（Torula utilis Henneb）．对此菌株尿酸酶形成条件的研究表明：蔗糖、葡萄糖是酶形成的适合碳源;蛋白胨和酵母膏是产酶的适合氮源,另添加无机氮源对产酶略有帮助作用;尿酸、黄嘌呤和乌嘌呤对酶形成起诱导作用,底物尿酸是适宜的诱导物．尿酸酶形成最适培养基组成为（％）：蔗糖3,蛋白胨2,酵母膏0．5,（NH4）2SO40．05,尿酸0．05,KCl0．04,Pb^2＋、Fe^3＋、Hg^2＋、Mg^2＋、Ag^＋、Ca^2＋、Zn^2＋不利于产酶．另对培养条件做了优化探索：最适pH为6．0,在250mL三角瓶中装30mL培养液,接种量10％,在200r／min的旋转摇床上28℃振荡培养23h．     

大豆蛋白发酵酶解风味剂的研究

采用雅致放射毛霉（Actinomucor elegans）和风味蛋白酶共同发酵酶解大豆蛋白,研究发酵酶解液的风味变化情况．利用响应面法优化发酵酶解过程,确定的最佳工艺条件为：大豆蛋白粉用量52．5g／L,液体发酵培养基pH5．0,接种孢子量2．0×109L-1,于28℃、200r／min的摇床中发酵60h;调节发酵液pH为7．0,加酶量28000U／g,于55℃酶解8h．在此条件下进行验证实验,测得发酵酶解液的风味值为25,具有特殊的酶解味,风味浓郁,无臭味,三氯乙酸溶解指数（SN．TCA指数）可达到8．70％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that