脑栓通胶囊有效成分含量测定方法研究

为完善脑栓通胶囊的质量标准,全面监控其质量,采用HPLC法建立测定其中香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷、芍药苷、β-蜕皮甾酮的含量测定方法。研究了12批次药品中4个有效成分含量,表明本法具有准确、简便、经济实用等优点,可同时测定君药蒲黄中的香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷,臣药赤芍和漏芦中的芍药苷、β-蜕皮甾酮含量,为控制该药质量提供了新方法。     

大孔树脂吸附和纯化蒲黄总黄酮的工艺研究

以主成分香蒲新苷及异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮糖苷含量为指标，研究了HZ802非极性大孔树脂吸附和纯化蒲黄总黄酮的工艺条件。结果表明HZ802非极性大孔树脂对蒲黄总酮有良好的吸附纯化性能，其优化的工艺条件为：样品溶液的浓度为50mg／mL(生药量／体积)；树脂用量为生药量的1．5倍(质量比)；纯化先用2倍树脂柱体积的水，再用2倍树脂柱体积φ=0．2的乙醇；总黄酮的洗脱用2倍树脂柱体积φ=0．5的乙醇；吸附和洗脱流速均为2mL／min。     

藏药长毛风毛菊中木犀草素和异鼠李素含量快速测定法的建立

目的采用HPLC同时测定长毛风毛菊中木犀草素和异鼠李素的含量.方法 Eclipse XOB-C18（150×4.6mm,5μm）色谱柱,甲醇和水（含0.05%的磷酸）梯度洗脱,流速1mL.min-1,检测波长350nm,柱温35℃.结果木犀草素和异鼠李素的线性范围分别为0.106～5.81μg（r=0.9996）,0.113～6.94μg（r=0.9997）;平均回收率分别为99.14%（RSD=1.47%）和98.96%（RSD=0.99%）.结论该方法可用于藏药长毛风毛菊中木犀草素和异鼠李素含量的同时快速、准确测定.     

槐米中主要黄酮苷元成分的分析

槐米样品经甲醇连续提取及盐酸水解,以HPLC法同时测定其中主要黄酮苷元(槲皮素、染料木素、山柰酚及异鼠李素)含量,并对5个不同采摘地槐米样品主要黄酮苷元进行定量分析.结果证明,所用方法可以有效分离水解槐米样品中存在的槲皮素、染料木素、山柰酚及异鼠李素,其中槲皮素的平均峰面积占4种苷元馏出峰总面积的(72.12±5.96)%,为主要苷元形式.槐米样品中4种黄酮苷元总含量为(98.4±6.4)mg/g,其中槲皮素、染料木素、山柰酚与异鼠李素的含量分别为(78.8±1.6),(1.3±0.5),(8.5±6.1),(9.8±2.1)mg/g.HPLC法同时测定4种黄酮苷元含量的方法简便易行,适用于槐米及其制剂内在质量的控制;虽然以芦丁为主的槲皮素苷占了槐米总黄酮的75%,但仍有约25%的染料木素苷、山柰酚苷与异鼠李素苷,这些黄酮成分的开发利用对于科学利用槐米资源具有重要意义.     

HPLC法测定沙棘籽粕中槲皮素山柰酚和异鼠李素的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱测定沙棘籽粕中槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素含量测定方法.方法:采用Kromasil C18(4.6㎜×250㎜,5μm)色谱柱,流速1 mL/min.流动相:甲醇-水(含磷酸0.04%)为50∶50;检测波长为360 nm;柱温35℃.结果:3种成分均达到基线分离,槲皮素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的线性范围分别为0.0895~1.79μg(r=0.9998),0.0565~1.13μg(r=0.9999),0.088~1.76μg(r=0.9997);回收率为100.7%(RSD=2.1%),98.5%(RSD=1.7%),100.5%(RSD=1.5%).结论:此方法简便、重现性良好、结果准确可靠,可用于槲皮素山柰酚和异鼠李素的含量测定.     

藜中黄酮类化学成分及抑菌效果的研究

应用正、反相硅胶和葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱等技术对藜(Cheno podium album L.)的黄酮类化学成分进行了分离和纯化.从藜中分离得到2种黄酮类化合物,分别为异鼠李素3-O芸香糖苷(1)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖(1→2)-O-[α-L-鼠李糖(1→6)]-β-D)-葡萄糖苷(2).采用纸片扩散法进行了抑菌试...     

HPLC法同时测定槐角中4种黄酮苷元组分

建立同时测定槐角中4种黄酮苷元组分(槲皮素、染料木素、山奈素、异鼠李素)的高效液相色谱测定方法.采用分离柱Hypersil BDS C18(25 cm×4.6 mm ID,5μm);主泵压力9 MPa;流动相为甲醇∶水∶磷酸(48∶52∶0.3);流速0.8 mL.min-1;检测器为VWD紫外检测仪,波长254 nm,灵敏度0.04AU;柱温45℃.槲皮素在0.029～0.285μg、染料木素在0.030～0.300μg、山奈素在0.031～0.305μg、异鼠李素在0.024～0.240μg线性关系良好,r分别为0.999 7、0.999 5、0.999 8、0.999 8.4种组分平均回收率为98.9%、99.2%、98.3%、98.8%,RSD分别为0.62%、0.86%、1.28%、0.82%(n=9).结果显示,该方法同时测定4种有效成分,简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高,重复性好.     

β-葡萄糖苷酶生物转化刺梨槲皮素糖苷的工艺优化

以不同来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶水解刺梨槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,探讨提高刺梨黄酮苷元释放能力的生物转化途径。以槲皮素含量与糖苷转化率为指标,采用高效液相色谱法对来源于嗜酸乳杆菌、木霉和杏仁的β-葡萄糖苷酶水解3种槲皮素糖苷的转化率及槲皮素含量进行动态监测,以酶解时间、酶解pH值、酶解温度和酶用量(酶与底物质量比)为单因素,考察各因素参数独立变化对指标的影响,再以Box-Behnken 方法研究各因素及其交互作用对转化率的影响,优化工艺条件。杏仁β-葡萄糖苷酶水解3种糖苷转化所得槲皮素含量最高,对不同底物的转化率由高到低依次为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(74.10%)、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(64.30%)、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(31.80%)。杏仁β-葡萄糖苷酶优化水解工艺条件为酶解时间28.90min,酶解pH值4.9,酶解温度52℃,酶用量0.08%。此条件下得到槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷转化率71.48%,槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷转化率36.32%,槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷转化率77.86%。     

银杏悬浮培养细胞中黄酮糖苷提取动力学研究

利用醇提法从人工悬浮培养银杏细胞中提取黄酮糖苷。以扩散传质定律为基础，根据质量平衡方程，建立提取过程的动力学模型,结合测得的数据计算出提取过程中的重要动力学参数。结果表明，乙醇法提取银杏细胞黄酮糖苷是从固相到液相的扩散传质过程，属一级反应。建立的动力学模型ρ_FG=ρ_eq｛1-exp［-1.023t·exp(-1469.55/T)］｝能描述银杏细胞黄酮的乙醇法提取过程，高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析表明，人工培养细胞中提取成分主要是以槲皮素、山萘素和异鼠李素与糖结合形成的糖苷。这既促进了生物技术在天然药物生产上的应用，又为黄酮糖苷提取的工艺设计和操作条件选择等方面提供了理论依据。     

蒙古黄芪花化学成分的分离鉴定及其抗氧化活性的研究

采用硅胶柱色谱法对蒙古黄芪花提取物进行分离,结合MS,1 H-NMR等波谱手段鉴定化合物的结构,以紫外分光光度法测定分离化合物的抗氧化能力。共分离鉴定出8种化合物,分别为:(1)金丝桃苷,(2)异槲皮苷,(3)7-甲氧基-山萘酚-3-O-半乳糖苷,(4)7-甲氧基-山萘酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷,(5)7-甲氧基-山萘酚-3-O-(6"-O-丙二酰基)-β-D-葡萄糖苷,(6)紫云英苷,(7)异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,(8)毛蕊异黄酮。其中化合物(3)(4)(5)(7)为首次从黄芪属中分离得到。测定了黄芪花不同粗提物及纯成分的抗氧化活性,其中金丝桃苷与异槲皮苷抗氧化活性最强。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to