鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化浅述

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国重要的能源矿产基底,盆地演化决定了鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产的成藏(矿)和分布规律,因此,了解盆地的演化历史发展历程对盆地矿产资源的成藏(矿)和分布规律极为重要。鄂尔多斯盆地的演化可以分为5个阶段:(1)太古代-早元古代盆地基底形成阶段;(2)中、晚元古代地台裂谷发育阶段;(3)古生代-早中生代大华北盆地沉积阶段;(4)鄂尔多斯内陆湖盆演变阶段;(5)新生代盆地改造阶段。不同的发展阶段构造期次的叠加形成了现下鄂尔多斯盆地特定的构造格局。     

浙江金华萤石矿集区地质特征及成矿条件分析

通过综合分析地质、矿产、地球物理场特征、地球化学特征,探究区内地层、构造、岩浆岩等基本特征及它们与萤石成矿之间的关系,对第二找矿空间的找矿前景进行研究。且萤石矿严格受断裂构造控制,包括北东向、北北东向、东西向及北西向断裂。并与火山构造、(火山洼地型)盆地构造及潜火山岩关系密切,矿床成因以浅成热液充填型为主。     

湘西北-湘中地区金-锑矿床中-低温流体成矿作用的地球化学成因指示

通过对湘西北－湘中主要金－锑矿床和有关区域地层的系统地球化学研究，揭示了该区元古界基底和古生界盆地中－低温热液系统特征及流体成矿作用的关系；介绍了应用微量元素和稳定同位素隐性地球化学标志进行区域古流体示踪的方法和实际应用效果；提出了该地区区域性古流体的运动在水平方向上可达盆地规模，在垂直范围内可达几公里的认识。同时，从流体成矿作用的角度对区内锡矿山超大型锑矿床的成因进行了探讨，提出湘中盆地至少在城步－新化大断裂以东的广大地区，可能同属一个受盆地周边燕山期花岗岩体制约，并以深循环大气降水来源为主的大型盆地热液系统。燕山期主要的热流异常中心是成矿的有利部位。深大断裂及其次级断裂，以及不同渗透率的地层通过其不同的隔水、导水和聚水作用，对区域流体的运移和汇聚起主导因素。盆地基底在提供成矿物质和热流来源方面对成矿起了重要作用，但不排除局部隆起区之下深部隐伏岩体的热贡献和由深断裂导入的幔源流体渗漏。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界聚煤规律及对多能源共存富集的贡献

鄂尔多斯盆地发育三套含煤地层，石炭-二叠纪含煤地层形成于北方大型聚煤盆地，三叠纪含煤地层形成于大型内陆坳陷盆地，侏罗纪含煤地层则形成于鄂尔多斯大型坳陷聚煤盆地。鄂尔多斯盆地中生界主要由冲积扇沉积、河流沉积、湖泊沉积和三角洲沉积等4种沉积体系所组成，在盆地充填整个序列中，上述沉积体系呈旋回式叠覆，同一时期不同沉积体系构成一个完整的体系域。不同沉积环境下发育的不同沉积体系及其空间上的配置情况为鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产的形成，特别是多层系成煤、多层系生油气、多旋回成煤和油气奠定了可靠的地质基础。煤的聚积成为鄂尔多斯盆地主体能源矿产，与之相伴生的矿产如煤成气、煤层气等，煤与石油也有一定的亲缘关系，因此，盆地的聚煤作用对多种能源矿产共存具有关键性贡献。     

江西贵溪盆地周田组膏盐特征及成因分析

对江西贵溪盆地周田组膏盐的沉积特征、岩石学特征、地球化学特征进行了分析,研究结果表明,该盆地膏盐主要由纹层状泥质石膏、薄层泥质石膏、薄层含泥硬石膏以及石膏脉组成,沿盆地基底断裂带上涌的地层深部卤水是膏盐类物质的主要来源,纹层状泥质石膏形成于水体较深的环境;薄层泥质石膏形成于浅水环境;含泥硬石膏的形成主要受高盐度流体的控制。周田组湖相地层成岩以后,由于盆地边缘断裂的活动使地层产生了裂缝,溶解了早先沉积膏盐的地表水或表层地下水进入裂缝,形成了贵溪盆地的石膏脉。石膏脉的产状、形态表明,石膏脉是在区域张应力并伴随有不同程度剪切应力环境下形成的。     

构造地球化学研究展望

以断裂构造地球化学为主,从常量元素-微量元素-稀土元素及其分异耗散顺序;矿物脉体-次生包裹体-同变形期流体及其微观动力学分析;压力强度-温热梯度-溶液浓度及其耦联相关体系;构造应力场-流变物理场-地球化学场及其参量数字模拟等4方面研究展望.上述4个方面既自成系统又相互关联,在时空演化上,可以结合地球动力学、构造年代学等统一解释.     

鄂尔多斯盆地构造与耦合成矿关系思考

目的探索多种矿产耦合成矿的盆地构造动力学问题。方法综合剖析鄂尔多斯盆地构造与油、气、煤和砂岩型铀矿等多种矿产共存富集的时空配置关系。结果鄂尔多斯盆地多种矿产相互关联、共存富集于古生界和中生界的不同地质层位，促使它们耦合成矿的时代主要发生在晚侏罗-早白垩世的燕山中晚期，主体受控于中新生代多构造演化及其关键变革时期的构造转换过程。结论探索、研究鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造动力学演化及其叠加转换关系，有助于客观认识多种矿产共存富集可能受控的统一盆地动力学环境及其耦合成矿效应。     

山东半岛温泉的分布规律与成因

根据对山东半岛地热场特征，区域地质构造，岩浆活动与温泉分布关系的研究以及地热水化学特征的分析，认为温泉的形成与分布主要受断裂构造的控制。温泉的形成机理为深循环－地热增温，即大气降水或第四系潜水断裂带深循环，在正常地温梯度下吸收地球内热增温形成热水，再沿断裂破碎带上涌至地表而形成温泉。     

银川盆地地壳稳定性分析

银川盆地地质构造复杂,地震活动频繁.为评价该区域地壳的稳定性,用重力资料解译3条北西断裂,并结合已有的构造认识,讨论深部构造样式和浅部断裂的空间展布特征及活动性,以及地震活动特征、大地形变特征及区域地球物理场特征;用模糊数学的综合评价模型将银川盆地按照77个待评区进行分区评价.结果表明,银川盆地总体处于稳定与不稳定之间;贺兰山断裂、黄河断裂附近以及盆地的中部贺兰等地区,由于断裂活动性强、构造复杂,深部构造交汇等特征,稳定性相对较差,而盆地的北部和南部稳定性则相对较好.     

金场子金矿及外围地区地球化学特征及其找矿意义

宁夏卫宁北山金场子地区各元素的地球化学异常受地层、构造的影响显著,各元素地球化学异常的控制因素也各不相同。综合分析了研究区地质、矿产特征,结合数据统计及因子分析成果,对其地球化学特征进行了概括,并阐明了各类异常找矿的意义,以期为进一步找矿提供参考。     

鄂尔多斯盆地环弧构造的多源信息特征识别

目的为多种能源矿藏(床)的富集定位研究以及协同勘探提供参考。方法由鄂尔多斯盆地及邻区重、磁异常场、遥感影像特征识别出该盆地内、中、外3个环弧构造(体),从盆地构造演化和后期改造角度分析3个环弧构造(体)的构造样式,研究油气、煤、铀矿等多种能源矿藏(床)同盆共存与环弧构造(体)的空间关系。结果内环体是南油北气、煤集中分布区和有利勘探区,内环体边缘是砂岩型铀矿分布区和有利勘探区,中环弧带是含煤地层和砂岩型铀成矿层出露区和勘探区。结论多种能源矿藏(床)产出在环弧构造(体)的不同部位,在空间分布上具有一定的规律。     

鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆特征恢复及地质意义

研究了鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆古气候变迁及古水体特征.研究结果表明:鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆古纬度为北纬31.03°,比现在所处的纬度35.10°偏南4°多,推测晚三叠世时鄂尔多斯湖盆气候温暖潮湿,生物繁盛,能够形成有机质丰富的烃源岩.利用泥岩B,Sr,Ba元素测试结果及Sr,Ba质量分数比值法,以及岩石碳酸盐岩胶结物稳定同位素分析表明,鄂尔多斯晚三叠世长8期-长6期湖盆是一个淡水湖盆,长8期-长7期-长6期湖盆水体范围与深度经历了收缩-扩大-收缩的过程,纵向上构成了储层-烃源岩-储层的生储盖组合,从湖盆演化的特征上论证了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世油气勘探的实际意义.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation po- tential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrotherrnal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal minerals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition,through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan (110.4-30.8 Ma) period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布规律

目的 探讨塔里木盆地油气藏形成及分布规律,为油气田勘探部署提供依据。方法 运用石油地质综合研究方法,探讨了区域构造背景,有效烃源岩分布及其成熟度、储盖组合、后期构造变动等对塔里木盆地大中型油气田形成及分布的控制作用。结果 塔里木盆地油气分布十分复杂,油气藏形成及分布受多重因素控制;早期形成、长期继承发育的大型稳定古隆起及其斜坡以及前陆逆冲带第2,3排构造分别是大中型油气田形成的最有利地区;古隆起控油、斜坡富集以及隆起高部位油气易发生调整、斜坡部位有利于保存,是克拉通区油气藏形成和分布的重要特点;已发现的油气藏具有多期成藏、晚期调整的特点,早期形成的原生油气藏后期特别是晚喜山期普遍受到了调整改造,以克拉通区海相油气藏最为突出;保存条件对塔里木盆地油气藏形成与分布具有重要控制作用,特别是优质区域盖层的存在,是大中型油气田形成和保存的关键。结论 继承性古隆起与隐伏前陆逆冲带是塔里木克拉通区与前陆区寻找大中型油气田的最有利地区。     

基于模糊数学理论的储层评价-以鄂尔多斯盆地 富黄地区延长组长9油层为例

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组中下部组合油气勘探开发程度相对较低,超低渗储层分类与评价是制约该组合层系油气勘探开发的关键。选取可动流体百分数、主流孔喉半径均值、启动压力梯度、黏土矿物含量以及原油黏度作为低渗储层评价指标,建立评价体系,运用模糊数学理论,建立模糊数学模型,对长9储层进行定量评价,进而建立储层评价体系。研究表明,富黄地区长9储层主要为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层,不含Ⅳ类储层。通过对富黄地区长9储层和沉积相平面图对比分析,储层分级结果与有利沉积相储层展布有较高的契合度,以期为延长组超低渗油气勘探和开发提供指导。     

波斯湾盆地油气分布主控因素初探

以获取的最新油气田储量数据为基础，采用石油地质综合分析方法，探讨了波斯湾盆地油气分布特征和主控因素。研究表明，区域上油气主要分布于现今的波斯湾及其周缘地区，层系上不同地区油气富集的储集层系不同。在扎格罗斯次盆地，古近系和新近系的油气最为富集;而在阿拉伯次盆地，侏罗系和白垩系是石油最富集的层系，二叠系是天然气最富集的层系。油气的分布主要受3个因素的控制，即次级盆地的构造-沉积演化史、优质区域盖层和主力烃源岩展布，前2个因素控制油气的层系分布，第3个因素则控制着油气的区域分布。     

Structural characteristics and petroliferous features of Tarim Basin

Using the modern tectonic geology theories andmethods such as the plate tectonic analysis, the paleo-struc-ture analysis, the structural-Iithofacies analysis, and the faultrelated fold and petroleum system, and combining with theseismic data, well drilling data and the circumferential fieldgeology, study on the structural characteristics and petro-leum prospect in the Tarim Basin has been carried out. Re-sults show that the Tarim Basin is a large superimpositionand combination basin with continental crustal basement,composed of a Paleozoic craton and Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins. The characteristics of the basin are: the kernel partof the basin is the marine facies Paleozoic craton, superim-posed 4 continental facies foreland basins. Though the scaleof the paleozoic craton of the Tarim Basin is relatively small,the structure is steady. The petroleum prospect of the Paleo-zoic craton is: multiphase pool-generation and accumulationcontrolled by ancient uplift. The Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins in the Tarim Basin, which are distributed on the era-tonic circumference and are a long-term subsidence, turnedinto rejuvenated foreland basins after the Meso-Cenozoicperiod. The petroleum prospects are: coal-bed generatinghydrocarbon, abundant natural gas, pool-generation in laterand recent periods, the oil and gas distribution controlled bythe foreland thrust belt. The structural characteristics ofTarim provide it with a superimposition and combinationpetroleum system of multiple resources, multiple reservoirsand multiphase pool-generation. The oil and gas explorationprospect covers two large fields: the Paleozoic craton and theMeso-Cenozoic foreland thrust belt.     

鄂尔多斯盆地非常规资源微孔隙储层测井评价

鄂尔多斯盆地处于中国中西部结合部位,是中国大型叠合含油气盆地之一,油气资源极为丰富.经过多年的勘探开发,鄂尔多斯盆地形成了"南油北气"的开发局面,建成了多个大型油气田.为了保持油气田的可持续开采,需要积极寻找可接替区域和层位.利用烃源岩资料、岩心资料及大量测井资料和试气资料对研究区潜在油气层位的储集性能、运移通道及测井响应特征进行了分析.结果 表明研究区太原组致密灰岩、本溪组铝土质泥岩、延长组长7"张家滩页岩"、太原组、山西组和延安组煤层普遍微孔隙发育,具备一定的储集能力,加之研究区烃源岩丰富,在油气运移的过程中,这些地层在适当的条件下能够形成不同于常规致密砂岩的非常规储层,具有成为可接替层位的潜力.