微波辐射下催化合成四(对硝基苯基)卟啉

在微波辐射下采用乳酸作为催化剂合成四(对硝基苯基)卟啉,考察了溶剂、催化剂、微波辐射时间、微波辐射功率对产率的影响.实验表明:硝基30 mL苯作溶剂,乳酸2.0 mL作催化剂,对硝基苯甲醛0.01 mol,吡咯0.01 mol,微波辐射功率280 W,辐射时间16 min,产率达到23.9%.     

蒙脱土负载KF催化Knoevenagel缩合反应

将KF负载至蒙脱土上,制备了负载型催化剂,并用于催化Knoevenagel缩合反应,取得了良好的催化效果.对反应条件进行优化,考察了溶剂、催化剂种类及用量、反应时间、反应温度、原料物质的量比以及催化剂循环次数对反应产率的影响.实验结果表明:KF/MMT为催化剂,二甲亚砜作溶剂,反应时间4 min,温度100℃,苯甲醛与丙二腈物质的量比为1∶0. 9的最优条件下,产率可达91%,催化剂循环3次仍保持较高的催化性能.产物通过熔点、红外、核磁进行表征.     

利法二酮的合成研究

从苯乙酸、乙酐开始分四步合成了利法二酮(LiphapioneⅥ).制备苯丙酮(Ⅰ)用非离子活性剂促进碱解其烯醇的乙酸酯较好,产率62.6%.在Ⅰ溴代时用乙酸作溶剂、过溴化物 DPBD 作催剂,产率91.4%.在Ⅵ的制备时以吡啶作溶剂、PEG-甲醇钠作催化剂,产率47.3%.后三步总产率为36.7%,高于文献值的21%.     

辛可尼丁和L-脯氨酸协同催化亚胺的立体选择性异构化的研究

研究了利用辛可尼丁和L-脯氨酸复合催化体系促进含三氟甲基芳香亚胺1的不对称异构化反应,并详细考察了不同种类的有机催化剂、溶剂以及添加剂对反应产率与选择性的影响.结果表明,当以四氢呋喃作溶剂,2-环己烯-1-酮为添加剂时,反应的分离产率与立体选择性最好,可以达到64%的产率,68%的ee值.     

乙醇中镧盐催化果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛的研究

以乙醇为反应溶剂,镧盐为催化剂催化果糖制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)进行了初步研究.乙醇作为反应溶剂时,5-HMF产率远高于以水作为反应溶剂.氯化镧与硝酸镧相比具有更好的催化活性.提高催化剂浓度可以增大果糖转化为5-HMF的速率,但是对5-HMF的最大产率影响较小.随着反应温度的提高,果糖转化为5-HMF的速率增大,...     

一锅法合成喹喔啉衍生物

以蒙脱土负载路易斯酸作催化剂,安息香和邻苯二胺为原料,合成7种喹喔啉衍生物。产物通过红外、核磁及熔点进行结构表征。考察催化剂、反应溶剂、时间、温度、催化剂用量及原料摩尔比等对产率的影响。筛选得最优条件为:安息香:邻苯二胺物质的量比值为1.0∶1.0、MMT/FeCl_3作催化剂、用量为安息香的10mol%、乙醇作溶剂、反应时间8h、温度70℃,产率最高为92.8%。     

碳酸铯催化下烷基芳醚的制备

以碳酸铯作催化剂，碳酸钾作碱，以乙腈作溶剂，在回流的条件下酚与卤代烃反应高产率得到烷基芳醚．     

杂环多苯基β-氨基酮类化合物的合成

常温下,乙醇作溶剂,无配体参与,以1-苯基-3-甲基-吡唑啉酮-5、芳香醛和芳香胺为原料,在CuMCM-41作催化剂下,三组分"一锅法"实现了C-C键和C-N键的同时合成,共合成了15种新的杂环多苯基β-氨基酮类化合物.探讨了溶剂和催化剂对反应的影响,产物结构通过IR、~1 H NMR和元素分析确定.实验结果表明,当原料摩尔比为2.1∶2.0∶2.0,乙醇用量为4~5mL,0.2mmol的Cu-MCM-41分子筛作催化剂时,产率可达76%~89%.该方法具有操作简单、无需碱性介质和配体参与、溶剂选择要求低、条件温和、产率高、选择性高等特点.     

二苄叉丙酮制备实验的改进

该文对二苄叉丙酮的制备实验进行了改进。用分子筛固载氟化钾代替氢氧化钠作催化剂,研究了醛酮物质的量之比、催化剂用量和溶剂对产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件。     

固体酸TiO2/SO42-催化合成紫罗兰酮

本文以固体强酸TiO2/SO42-作催化剂,苯/三氯甲烷(2:1)作溶剂,研究了假性紫罗兰酮环化合成紫罗兰酮的反应.探索了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量和溶剂用量等因素对反应结果的影响.最佳合成条件:5.6mL假性紫罗兰酮,催化剂用量为2.1g,溶剂用量为8mL,环化反应温度为20℃,反应时间为2.0h,在此条件下所得紫罗兰酮的产率约为77%~78%左右,高于文献值70.4%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that