深部矿井底板岩体阻水性高压注水试验

针对深部矿井底板岩体阻水性问题,以永城某矿二2煤层底板三个层位岩体为研究对象,进行分段高压重复注水试验。研究结果表明,该矿二2煤层底板三个测试段岩体均具有较强的阻水能力,在起始渗流和稳态渗流条件下,抗渗阻力为2.5~3.83MPa/m。渗透系数计算结果表明,初次注水和重复注水时,细砂岩和粉砂岩段渗透性变化不明显,均为微—极微渗透性,高压水扰动并未显著改变该层位岩体渗透性;而砂质泥岩段在重复注水时渗透性有一定程度的增强,但在10MPa以上的高压注水条件下,岩体仍具有一定的阻水性。     

岱庄煤矿11605工作面底板岩层微结构及水稳性

开展受承压水威胁煤层底板岩层成份、微结构和水稳性研究,获取其阻水性能,是煤矿防治水的重要工作.基于岱庄煤矿受高承压水威胁的下组16煤层首采11605工作面煤层底板岩性阻水性实验数据,得到了岱庄煤矿下组16煤层底板不同岩层的组成成份、微结构和水稳性特征,为岱庄煤矿承压水防治提供了科学的计算参数.     

采动条件下底板潜在导水通道形成的微震监测与数值模拟

以某矿综放工作面开采过程为背景,利用微震监测技术进行现场监测,并借助有限差分FLAC^3D进行数值分析,研究在采动应力场不断变化过程中底板岩体微震破裂事件的时空演化规律,揭示煤层采动条件下潜在导水通道的孕育、发展和贯通过程.微震监测结果表明:微震事件数一定程度上反映了开采扰动对底板岩体破坏程度的影响;采煤期间,回采工作面附近微震事件呈现密集分布,底板岩体采动破坏严重,底板破裂深度达15m.数值分析表明:由于煤层采动导致采场周围应力重分布,工作面前方应力增高,采空区下方应力降低,底板岩体随工作面回采经历了应力集中、释放并最终破坏;底板塑性破坏区深度达14m.     

煤层下伏岩层采动变形规律及承压水突水机理研究

煤层底板突水是华北区域煤矿事故的最主要原因.基于肥城矿区地质条件,应用FLAC3D软件和岩石力学电液伺服系统分别对开采煤层下伏岩层移动变形规律、岩体的渗透特性、岩体在渗流场作用下的变形破坏特征等方面进行了深入研究,分析了水体上煤层开采突水机理,为确定高突危险水体上煤层的安全开采技术与工艺奠定了理论基础,具有十分重要和深远的意义.     

复杂条件下煤层底板突水防治对策探讨

根据我国华北岩溶矿区大采深、高水压、高应力的复杂条件现状,从降低奥灰水压、提高煤层底板阻水能力和减小煤层底板破坏度三个层面探讨了防止煤层底板突水的对策,并对各种对策在实际运用时的适宜性进行了分析,提出了以奥灰局部降压、底板注浆加固、充填开采、奥灰顶部局部注浆加固相结合的综合防治水对策,对我国复杂条件下实现深部煤层开采具有重大现实意义。     

采煤工作面底板突水的预测预报方法

采煤工作面底板突水预测、预报是在工作面采动过程中,通过监测煤层底板岩层内部一些参数值变化来分析、预测底板突水的可能性。本文着重介绍了该方法的基本原理和实际应用。     

杨柳煤矿10煤层底板的采动破坏特征

煤层底板在煤层采动后会发生变形与破坏,煤层底板破坏特征是判断底板突水与否的重要依据。以杨柳煤矿10煤层底板为研究对象,采用理论计算与数值模拟相结合的方式,分析煤层底板岩层在采动条件下的应力变化特征与岩体破坏特征。结果表明:10煤层底板平均厚度59.16 m,在开采条件下最大破坏深度为13.6 m,底板受下部灰岩水影响的可能性很小。该研究可以为分析煤层底板突水机理与底板水害防治提供理论依据。     

基于GIS和脆弱性指数法的矿井底板突水危险性评价

为了评价潘北煤矿A1组煤底板突水危险性,分析了影响该矿井煤层底板突水的主控因素,利用GIS软件强大的空间分析功能,对影响矿井煤层底板的各个主控因素建立空间分布专题图;利用脆弱指数法建立主控因素体系,并确定各个主控因素对底板突水危险性贡献的权重,将各个主控因素进行无量纲处理后按照权重进行复合叠置,在定量化的基础上对矿井底板突水危险性进行分区,将底板已有出(突)水数据与分区结果比较,结果表明,脆弱性指数法可以客观、定量、有效地评价煤层底板突水危险性。     

采面底板应力计算及应用

本文利用弹性理论推导了煤层底板任意点的应力计算公式。提出了通过计算岩石的强度指数来预计煤层底板的破坏深度。依据底板破坏深度与承压水的“原始导高”的关系预测煤层底板突水的可能性,并以现场实测数据验证了这种计算方法的可靠性。图5,表2,参考文献2。     

深部煤层开采高承压水突水预报及控制

以煤矿沉积岩体的工程地质、水文地质结构为切入点,利用地震和地质雷达技术实现软弱结构面的准确空间定位和岩体结构的精细探测。在 GIS 的支持下,建立煤层底板突水预测模型,提出底板突水评价指标体系,为煤矿深部开采提供系统的理论基础和安全可靠的技术方法。采用先进工艺的注浆堵水技术,对高承压水实施封堵,堵水效果 100%。为深部煤层高承压含水层上安全开采提供了一套较成功的预报和控制技术。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the