右腋下微创小切口行心内直视手术

目的探讨经右腋下微创小切口行剖胸心内直视手术方法.方法取右侧腋下后线与第3后肋的交点为后上缘,腋前线与第6肋交点为切口前下缘,在2点间作长约6～10 cm弧形切口,在胸大、小肌深面潜行游离至第4肋间进胸.结果与正中剖胸入路组137例病人相比,心肌阻断时间(42.3±28.5)min,术后呼吸辅助时间(4.5±18.60)h,差异无显著性.结论右腋下微创小切口剖胸行心内直视手术安全可靠,美容效果好.     

右腋下小切口在心脏瓣膜手术中的应用

腋下小切口心脏瓣膜手术属高难度微创心脏手术,我院自2001年11月-2002年5月,完成此类手术50例.手术切口自右腋下第3肋(间)至第5肋(间),长约7～9cm,经肋间进胸,建立体外循环.经右侧房间沟切口进入左心房,视瓣膜病变情况,选用二尖瓣置换术或二尖瓣成型术(多数在心脏跳动下完成).可经第4肋间进胸,经右心房房间隔切口置换二尖瓣,同时行三尖瓣DeVega环缩.行常规主动脉根部切口法行主动脉瓣替换.50例病人均顺利完成手术,主动脉阻断时间28～126min,平均(68.8±12.7)min,体外循环57～180min,平均(89.3±18.7)min.术后胸腔引流50～680mL,平均(230.5±107.3)mL,手术用血量0～600mL,平均(146.5±173.0)mL,38例病人未输库血.术后心功能明显改善,住院时间7～15d,平均(9.8±1.4)d,全组无死亡,无神经系统症状及感染等并发症发生.说明该手术技术安全、可靠,适用于绝大多数诊断明确的各类心脏瓣膜病变病人的外科治疗.     

胸外科胸腔镜手术17例报道

目的 :为探索和推广应用胸腔镜、腋下微创切口手术治疗胸部疾病 ,达到微创伤、手术时间短、疼痛轻、康复快的目的。方法 :腋下微创伤切口手术25例 ,胸腔镜手术17例 ,治疗以肺大疱破裂自发性气胸为主的几种胸科疾病。结果 :两种手术方法病人均痊愈 ,无并发症 ,伤口小 ,组织损伤小 ,出血少 ,因开关胸时间短 ,故手术时间短 ,伤口隐匿、美观 ,术后疼痛轻 ,术侧肩关节及上肢活动受影响小 ,患者康复快。结论 :两种术式的完善和推广将会带来良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

胸腰段柱体结核病清术术式改进的操作要点及治疗体会

自1982－1995年我院共收胸腰椎结核908例。其中的768例780次手术采取了经胸12腰1横突进入病灶的方法，取得了良好的效果。1临床资料908例中完全瘫痪45例，不完全瘫痪64例。采用此种病情手术方法768例780人次（12例2次手术）减压术109例，术中损伤胸我膜6例。采取经第12肋床或肋下腹膜后进入病灶的31例，术中损伤的胸膜3例。2操作要点切口起自胸棘突旁3－4cm向下沿第12肋下纷至腋后线的弧形切口，切开皮肤，皮下组织，拉开骶棘肌。切除第12肋（或第12助骨1段），拔出第12肋骨小头。剪开腰1横突头尖附着的韧带，以骨膜肃离器紧贴腰1横突前面的…     

腋下切口和电视胸腔镜治疗凝固性血胸的比较

目的比较腋下切口开胸术和电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗凝固性血胸的疗效.方法 48例凝固性血胸患者按手术方式分为腋下切口组(n=28)和VATS组(n=21).疗效评价指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、术后引流量、住院时间、并发症发生率等.结果与腋下切口组相比,VATS组手术时间短、术中出血少、术后疼痛评分低、住院时间短,术后引流与并发症率无显著差异.结论电视胸腔镜手术治疗凝固性血胸手术时间短,恢复快,是一种安全、有效、微创的方法.     

右前外侧切口剖胸行心脏直视二尖瓣置换术

目的；心脏手术后再手术行二尖瓣置换是心外科难题之一，我科采用右前外侧切口剖胸较邹地解决了这一难题。本介绍了１５例手术的操作要点。方法：所有患术中取仰卧位，右半胸抬高２０°，切口内侧端必须在胸骨右缘，以便在该处切断第４肋。心包切口在膈神经前１．５ｃｍ处并与膈地，切口的在缘缝于纱布上，将纱布向右拉出并固定于牵开器上，这样使心脏移向右侧，可使术野暴露良好，以便于手术操作。结果：１５例患（男２，女１     

妇科附件腹腔镜手术90例临床分析

目的总结妇科腹腔镜下附件手术的各种操作技术及其应用价值.方法回顾性分析90例腹腔镜附件手术,包括单纯卵巢囊肿28例、输卵管妊娠32例,多囊卵巢9例,卵巢畸胎瘤8例,卵巢巧克力囊肿6例,输卵管粘连4例,卵巢冠囊肿3例.结果本组90例手术在腹腔镜下完成,无1例中转开腹,无严重术中及术后并发症发生.手术时间30～125min,平均(60.5±25.6)min,术中出血5～60ml,平均(30±27.5)ml,肛门排气时间6～4h,术后住院时间2～5d,平均3.6d.结论腹腔镜手术治疗附件疾病安全有效,术后恢复快,为进一步扩展手术范围打下了良好基础.     

电视腹腔镜治疗自发性气胸17例

1998年6月至2001年5月,对17例自发性气胸患者通过电视腹腔镜直视下或辅助小切口手术治疗,效果良好,现报告如下.     

平塞组合补片无张力疝修补术在腹股沟疝中的应用

目的 探讨应用平塞组合补片行无张力疝修补术手术方法.方法 回顾性分析48例腹股沟疝平塞组合补片无张力疝修补术的临床资料.结果 手术时间平均46min,全部病例无切口感染,术后无异物感,发生阴囊积液1例,术后尿潴留2例,随访3～23个月,无疝复发.结论 平塞组合补片无张力疝修补术操作简单,术后疼痛轻、恢复快、无异物感、复发率低,是较理想的疝修补方法.     

平塞组合补片无张力疝修补术在腹股沟疝中的应用

目的 探讨应用平塞组合补片行无张力疝修补术手术方法.方法 回顾性分析48例腹股沟疝平塞组合补片无张力疝修补术的临床资料.结果 手术时间平均46min,全部病例无切口感染,术后无异物感,发生阴囊积液1例,术后尿潴留2例,随访3～23个月,无疝复发.结论 平塞组合补片无张力疝修补术操作简单,术后疼痛轻、恢复快、无异物感、复发率低,是较理想的疝修补方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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